THE STATES PARTIES TO THIS CONVENTION, HAVING RECOGNIZED the desirability of determining by agreement certain rules relating to the carriage of goods by sea, HAVE DECIDED to conclude a Convention for this purpose and have thereto agreed as follows:
1. "Carrier" means any person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a shipper.
2. "Actual carrier" means any person to whom the performance of the carriage of the goods, or of part of the carriage, has been entrusted by the carrier, and includes any other person to whom such performance has been entrusted.
“實際承運人”是指受承運人委托執(zhí)行貨物運輸或部分貨物運輸?shù)娜魏稳耍ㄊ芪袌?zhí)行這項運輸?shù)钠渌魏稳恕?/div>
3. "Shipper" means any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier, or any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf the goods are actually delivered to the carrier in relation to the contract of carriage by sea.
“托運人”是指其本從或以其名義或代其與承運人訂立海上貨物運輸合同的任何人或指其本人或以其名義或代其將貨物實際交付海上貨物運輸合同有關的承運人的任何人。
4. "Consignee" means the person entitled to take delivery of the goods.
“收貨人”是指有權提取貨物的人。
5. "Goods" includes live animals; where the goods are consolidated in a container, pallet or similar article of transport or where they are packed, "goods" includes such article of transport or packaging if supplied by the shipper.
“貨物”包括活動物，凡貨物拼裝在集裝箱、貨盤或類似的運輸器具內，或者貨物是包裝的，而這種運輸器具或包裝是由托運人提供的，則“貨物”包括它們在內。
6. "Contract of carriage by sea" means any contract whereby the carrier undertakes against payment of freight to carry goods by sea from one port to another; however, a contract which involves carriage by sea and also carriage by some other means is deemed to be a contract of carriage by sea for the purposes of this Convention only in so far as it relates to the carriage by sea.
“海上運輸合同”是指承運人收取運費，據(jù)以承擔由海上將貨物從一港運至另一港的任何合同；但是，一個既包括海上運輸，又包括某些其他方式運輸?shù)暮贤�，則僅其有關海上運輸?shù)姆秶�，才視為本公約所指的海上運輸合同。
7. "Bill of lading" means a document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document. A provision in the document that the goods are to be delivered to the order of a named person, or to order, or to bearer, constitutes such an undertaking.
“提單”是指一種用以證明海上運輸合同和貨物由承運人接管或裝船，以及承運人據(jù)以保證交付貨物的單證。單證中關于貨物應交付指定收貨人或按指示交付，或交付提單持有人的規(guī)定，即構成了這一保證。
8. "Writing" includes, inter alia, telegram and telex.“書面”除其他方式外，包括電報和電傳。
Article 2 Scope of application第二條 適用范圍
1. The provisions of this Convention are applicable to all contracts of carriage by sea between two different States, if:
本公約的各項規(guī)定適用于兩個不同國家間的所有海上運輸合同，如果：
(a) the port of loading as provided for in the contract of carriage by sea is located in a Contracting State, or
海上運輸合同所規(guī)定的裝貨港位于一個締約國內，或
(b) the port of discharge as provided for in the contract of carriage by sea is located in a Contracting State, or
海上運輸合同所規(guī)定的缷貨港位于一個締約國內，或
(c) one of the optional ports of discharge provided for in the contract of carriage by sea is the actual port of discharge and such port is located in a Contracting State, or
海上運輸合同所規(guī)定的備選卸貨港之一為實際卸貨港，并且該港位于一個締約國內，或
(d) the bill of lading or other document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea is issued in a Contracting State, or
提單或證明海上運輸合同的其他單證是在一個締約國內簽發(fā)的，或
(e) the bill of lading or other document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea provides that the provisions of this Convention or the legislation of any State giving effect to them are to govern the contract.
提單或證明海上運輸合同的其他單證規(guī)定，本公約各項規(guī)定或實行本公約的任何國家的立法，應約束該合同。
2. The provisions of this Convention are applicable without regard to the nationality of the ship, the carrier, the actual carrier, the shipper, the consignee or any other interested person.
本公約各項規(guī)定的適用與船舶、承運人、實際承運人、托運人、收貨人或任何其他有關人的國籍無關。
3. The provisions of this Convention are not applicable to charter-parties. However, where a bill of lading is issued pursuant to a charter-party, the provisions of the Convention apply to such a bill of lading if it governs the relation between the carrier and the holder of the bill of lading, not being the charterer.
本公約各項規(guī)定不適用于租船合同。但是，如果提單是根據(jù)租船合同簽發(fā)，并對承運人和非屬承租人的提單持有人之間的關系加以制約，則本公約的各項規(guī)定適用于該提單。
4. If a contract provides for future carriage of goods in a series of shipments during an agreed period, the provisions of this Convention apply to each shipment. However, where a shipment is made under a charter-party, the provisions of paragraph 3 of this article apply.
如果合同規(guī)定，貨物將在一個議定的期限內分批運輸.
Article 3 Interpretation of the Convention第三條 對本公約的解釋
In the interpretation and application of the provisions of this Convention regard shall be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity.
在解釋和應用本公約的各項規(guī)定時，應注意本公約的國際性和促進統(tǒng)一的需要。
PART II LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER第二部分 承運人的責任
Article 4 Period of responsibility第四條 責任期間
1. The responsibility of the carrier for the goods under this Convention covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods at the port of loading, during the carriage and at the port of discharge.
按照本公約，承運人對貨物的責任期間包括在裝貨港，在運輸途中以及在卸貨港，貨物在承運人掌管的全部期間。
2. For the purpose of paragraph 1 of this article, the carrier is deemed to be in charge of the goods
就本條第1款而言，在下述起迄期間，承運人應視為已掌管貨物：
(a) from the time he has taken over the goods from:自承運人從以下各方接管貨物時起：
(i) the shipper, or a person acting on his behalf; or托運人或代其行事的人；或
(ii) an authority or other third party to whom, pursuant to law or regulations applicable at the port of loading, the goods must be handed over for shipment;
根據(jù)裝貨港適用的法律或規(guī)章，貨物必須交其裝運的當局或其他第三方；
(b) until the time he has delivered the goods:至承運人將貨物交付以下各方時為止：
(i) by handing over the goods to the consignee; or將貨物交付收貨人；或
(ii) in cases where the consignee does not receive the goods from the carrier, by placing them at the disposal of the consignee in accordance with the contract or with the law or with the usage of the particular trade, applicable at the port of discharge; or
遇有收貨人不向承運人提貨時，則依照合同或卸貨港適用的法律或特定的貿易慣例，將貨物置于收貨人支配之下；或
(iii) by handing over the goods to an authority or other third party to whom, pursuant to law or regulations applicable at the port of discharge, the goods must be handed over.
根據(jù)在卸貨港適用的法律或規(guī)章將貨物交給必須交付的當局或其他第三方。
3. In paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article, reference to the carrier or to the consignee means, in addition to the carrier or the consignee, the servants or agents, respectively of the carrier or the consignee.
在本條第1和第2款內提到的承運人或收貨人，除指承運人和收貨人外，還分別指承運人或收貨人的受雇人或代理人。
Article 5 Basis of liability第五條 責任基礎
1. The carrier is liable for loss resulting from loss of or damage to the goods, as well as from delay in delivery, if the occurrence which caused the loss, damage or delay took place while the goods were in his charge as defined in article 4, unless the carrier proves that he, his servants or agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the occurrence and its consequences.
除非承運人證明他本人或其受雇人或代理人為避免該事故發(fā)生及其后果已采取了一切所能合理要求的措施，否則承運人應對因貨物滅失或損壞或延遲交貨所造成的損失負賠償責任，如果引起該項滅失、損壞或延遲交付的事故，如同第4條所述，是在承運人掌管期間發(fā)生的。
2. Delay in delivery occurs when the goods have not been delivered at the port of discharge provided for in the contract of carriage by sea within the time expressly agreed upon or, in the absence of such agreement, within the time which it would be reasonable to require of a diligent carrier, having regard to the circumstances of the case.
如果貨物未能在明確認定的期間內，或雖無此項議定，但未能在考慮到實際情況對一個勤勉的承運人所能合理要求的時間內，在海上運輸合同所規(guī)定的卸貨港交貨，即為延遲交付。
3. The person entitled to make a claim for the loss of goods may treat the goods as lost if they have not been delivered as required by article 4 within 60 consecutive days following the expiry of the time for delivery according to paragraph 2 of this article.
如果貨物在本條第2款規(guī)定的交貨時間期滿后連續(xù)六十天內未能按第四條的要求交付，有權對貨物的滅失提出索賠的人可以視為貨物已經(jīng)滅失。
4. (a) The carrier is liable承運人對下列各項負賠償責任：
(i) for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery caused by fire, if the claimant proves that the fire arose from fault or neglect on the part of the carrier, his servants or agents;
火災所引起的貨物的滅失、損壞或延遲交付，如果索賠人證明火災是由承運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽引起的；
(ii) for such loss, damage or delay in delivery which is proved by the claimant to have resulted from the fault or neglect of the carrier, his servants or agents, in taking all measures that could reasonably be required to put out the fire and avoid or mitigate its consequences.
經(jīng)索賠人證明由于承運人、其受雇人或代理人在采取可以合理要求的撲滅火災的起因和避免或減輕其后果的一切措施中的過失或疏忽所造成的貨物的滅失、損壞或延遲交付。
(b) In case of fire on board the ship affecting the goods, if the claimant or the carrier so desires, a survey in accordance with shipping practices must be held into the cause and circumstances of the fire, and a copy of the surveyor''s report shall be made available on demand to the carrier and the claimant.
凡船上的火災影響到貨物時，如果索賠人或承運人要求，必須按照海運慣例，對火災的起因和情況進行調查，并根據(jù)要求向承運人和索賠人提供一份調查人的報告。
5. With respect to live animals, the carrier is not liable for loss, damage or delay in delivery resulting from any special risks inherent in that kind of carriage. If the carrier proves that he has complied with any special instructions given to him by the shipper respecting the animals and that, in the circumstances of the case, the loss, damage or delay in delivery could be attributed to such risks, it is presumed that the loss, damage or delay in delivery was so caused, unless there is proof that all or a part of the loss, damage or delay in delivery resulted from fault or neglect on the part of the carrier, his servants or agents.
關于活動物，承運人對此類運輸固有的任何特殊風險所造成的滅失、損傷或延遲交付不負賠償責任。如果承運人證明他是按照托運人給他的關于動物的任何特別指示行事的，并證明根據(jù)實際情況，滅失、損傷或延遲交付可以歸之于這種風險，則應推定滅失、損傷或延遲交付就是這樣引起的，除非證明滅失、損傷或延遲交付的全部或部分是由承運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽所造成的。
6. The carrier is not liable, except in general average, where loss, damage or delay in delivery resulted from measures to save life or from reasonable measures to save property at sea.
除分攤共同海損外，承運人對因在海上采取救助人命的措施或救助財產的合理措施而造成的滅失、損壞或延遲交付不負賠償責任。
7. Where fault or neglect on the part of the carrier, his servants or agents combines with another cause to produce loss, damage or delay in delivery the carrier is liable only to the extent that the loss, damage or delay in delivery is attributable to such fault or neglect, provided that the carrier proves the amount of the loss, damage or delay in delivery not attributable thereto.
如果貨物的滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由承運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽連同其他原因所引起的，承運人僅在歸于他們的過失或疏忽所引起的滅失、損壞或延遲交付的范圍內負賠償責任，但承運人須證明不屬于此種過失或疏忽所造成的滅失、損壞或延遲交付的數(shù)額。
Article 6 Limits of liability第六條 責任限額
1. (a) The liability of the carrier for loss resulting from loss of or damage to goods according to the provisions of article 5 is limited to an amount equivalent to 835 units of account per package or other shipping unit or 2.5 units of account per kilogramme of gross weight of the goods lost or damaged, whichever is the higher.
按照第五條規(guī)定，承運人對貨物滅失或損壞造成的損失所負的賠償責任，以滅失或損壞的貨物每件或每其他貨運單位相當于835記賬單位的數(shù)額為限，兩者中以較高的數(shù)額為準。
(b) The liability of the carrier for delay in delivery according to the provisions of article 5 is limited to an amount equivalent to two and a half times the freight payable for the goods delayed, but not exceeding the total freight payable under the contract of carriage of goods by sea.
按照第五條規(guī)定，承運人對延遲交付的賠償責任，以相當于該延遲交付貨物應支付運費的2.5倍的數(shù)額為限，但不得超過海上貨物運輸合同規(guī)定的應付運費總額。
(c) In no case shall the aggregate liability of the carrier, under both subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph, exceed the limitation which would be established under subparagraph (a) of this paragraph for total loss of the goods with respect to which such liability was incurred.
根據(jù)本款（a）和(b) 項，承運人的總賠償責任，在任何情況下都不得超過根據(jù)本款（a）項對貨物全部滅失引起的賠償責任所規(guī)定的限額。
2. For the purpose of calculating which amount is the higher in accordance with paragraph 1(a) of this article, the following rules apply:
按照本條第一款（a）項規(guī)定，在計算較高數(shù)額時，應遵照下列規(guī)則：
(a) Where a container, pallet or similar article of transport is used to consolidate goods, the package or other shipping units enumerated in the bill of lading, if issued, or otherwise in any other document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea, as packed in such article of transport are deemed packages or shipping units. Except as aforesaid the goods in such article of transport are deemed one shipping unit.
當使用集裝箱、貨盤或類似運輸器具拼裝貨物時，如果簽發(fā)了提單，在提單中列明的，或在證明海上運輸合同的任何其他單證中列明的，裝在這種運輸器具內的件數(shù)或其他貨運單位數(shù)，即視為件數(shù)或貨運單位數(shù)。除上述情況外，這種運輸器具內的貨物視為一個貨運單位。
(b) In cases where the article of transport itself has been lost or damaged, that article of transport, if not owned or otherwise supplied by the carrier, is considered one separate shipping unit.
當運輸器具本身遭到滅失或損壞時，該運輸器具如不屬于承運人所有或提供，即視為一個單獨的貨運單位。
3. Unit of account means the unit of account mentioned in article 26.
記賬單位是指第二十六條中所述的記賬單位。
4. By agreement between the carrier and the shipper, limits of liability exceeding those provided for in paragraph 1 may be fixed.
承運人和托運人可以通過協(xié)議確定超過第1款規(guī)定的賠償責任限額。
Article 7 Application to non-contractual claims第七條 對非合同索賠的適用
1. The defences and limits of liability provided for in this Convention apply in any action against the carrier in respect of loss or damage to the goods covered by the contract of carriage by sea, as well as of delay in delivery whether the action is founded in contract, in tort or otherwise.
本公約規(guī)定的各項抗辯和責任限額，適用于海上運輸合同所涉及的貨物的滅失或損壞，以及延遲交付對承運人提起的任何訴訟，不論這種訴訟是根據(jù)合同、侵權行為或其他。
2. If such an action is brought against a servant or agent of the carrier, such servant or agent, if he proves that he acted within the scope of his employment, is entitled to avail himself of the defences and limits of liability which the carrier is entitled to invoke under this Convention.
如果這種訴訟是對承運人的受雇人或代理人提起的，而該受雇人或代理人能證明他是在受雇職務范圍內行事的，則有權利用承運人根據(jù)本公約有權援引的抗辯和責任限額。
3. Except as provided in article 8, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier and from any persons referred to in paragraph 2 of this article shall not exceed the limits of liability provided for in this Convention.
除第八條規(guī)定的情況外，從承運人和本條第2款所指的任何人取得的賠償金額的總數(shù)，不得超過本公約所規(guī)定的責任限額。
Article 8 Loss of right to limit responsibility第八條 責任限額權利的喪失
1. The carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability provided for in article 6 if it is proved that the loss, damage or delay in delivery resulted from an act or omission of the carrier done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay, or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.
如經(jīng)證明滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由承運人有意造成這種滅失、損壞或延遲交付作出的行為或不行為，或由承運人明知可能會產生這種滅失、損壞或延遲交付而仍不顧后果作出的行為或不行為產生的，則承運人無權享受第六條所規(guī)定的責任限額的利益。
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 7, a servant or agent of the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability provided for in article 6 if it is proved that the loss, damage or delay in delivery resulted from an act or omission of such servant or agent, done with the intent to cause such loss, damage or delay, or recklessly and with knowledge that such loss, damage or delay would probably result.
盡管有第七條第2款的規(guī)定，如經(jīng)證明滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由該受雇人或代理人有意造成這種滅失、損壞或延遲交付作出的行為或不行為，或由該受雇人或代理人明知可能會產生這種滅失、損壞或延遲交付而仍不顧后果作出的行為或不行為產生的，則承運人的受雇人或代理人無權享受第六條所規(guī)定的責任限額的利益。
Article 9 Deck cargo第九條 艙面貨
1. The carrier is entitled to carry the goods on deck only if such carriage is in accordance with an agreement with the shipper or with the usage of the particular trade or is required by statutory rules or regulations.
承運人只有按照同托運人的協(xié)議或符合特定的貿易慣例，或依據(jù)法規(guī)的規(guī)章的要求，才有權在艙面上載運貨物。
2. If the carrier and the shipper have agreed that the goods shall or may be carried on deck, the carrier must insert in the bill of lading or other document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea a statement to that effect. In the absence of such a statement the carrier has the burden of proving that an agreement for carriage on deck has been entered into; however, the carrier is not entitled to invoke such an agreement against a third party, including a consignee, who has acquired the bill of lading in good faith.
如果承運人和托運人議定，貨物應該或可以在艙面上載運，承運人必須在提單或證明海上運輸合同的其他單證上載列相應說明。如無此項說明，承運人有責任證明，曾經(jīng)達成在艙面上載運的協(xié)議。但承運人無權援引這種協(xié)議對抗包括收貨人在內的，相信并持有提單的第三方。
3. Where the goods have been carried on deck contrary to the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article or where the carrier may not under paragraph 2 of this article invoke an agreement for carriage on deck, the carrier, notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 5, is liable for loss of or damage to the goods, as well as for delay in delivery, resulting solely from the carriage on deck, and the extent of his liability is to be determined in accordance with the provisions of article 6 or article 8 of this Convention, as the case may be.
如違反本條第1款的規(guī)定將貨物載運在艙面上，或承運人不能按照本條第2款援引在艙面上載運的協(xié)議，盡管有第五條第1款的規(guī)定，承運人仍須對僅由于在艙面上載運而造成的貨物滅失或損壞以及延遲交付負賠償責任，而其賠償責任的限額，視情況分別按照本公約第六條或第八條的規(guī)定確定。
4. Carriage of goods on deck contrary to express agreement for carriage under deck is deemed to be an act or omission of the carrier within the meaning of article 8.
違反將貨物裝載在艙內的明文協(xié)議百將貨物裝載在艙面，應視為第八條含義內的承運人的一種行為或不行為。
Article 10 Liability of the carrier and actual carrier
第十條 承運人和實際承運人的賠償責任
1. Where the performance of the carriage or part thereof has been entrusted to an actual carrier, whether or not in pursuance of a liberty under the contract of carriage by sea to do so, the carrier nevertheless remains responsible for the entire carriage according to the provisions of this Convention. The carrier is responsible, in relation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, for the acts and omissions of the actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment.
如果將運輸或部分運輸委托給實際承運人執(zhí)行時，不管根據(jù)海上運輸合同是否有權這樣做，承運人仍須按照本公約的規(guī)定對全部運輸負責。關于實際承運人所履行的運輸，承運人應對實際承運人及其受雇人和代理人在他們的受雇范圍內行事的行為或不行為負責。
2. All the provisions of this Convention governing the responsibility of the carrier also apply to the responsibility of the actual carrier for the carriage performed by him. The provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3 of article 7 and of paragraph 2 of article 8 apply if an action is brought against a servant or agent of the actual carrier.
本公約對承運人責任的所有規(guī)定也適用于實際承運人對其所履行的運輸?shù)呢熑巍Ｈ绻麑嶋H承運人的受雇人或代理人提起訴訟，應適用第七條第2款、第3款和第八條第2款的規(guī)定。
3. Any special agreement under which the carrier assumes obligations not imposed by this Convention or waives rights conferred by this Convention affects the actual carrier only if agreed to by him expressly and in writing. Whether or not the actual carrier has so agreed, the carrier nevertheless remains bound by the obligations or waivers resulting from such special agreement.
承運人據(jù)以承擔本公約所未規(guī)定的義務或放棄本公約所賦予的權利的任何特別協(xié)議，只有在實際承運人書面明確表示同意時，才能對他發(fā)生影響。不論實際承運人是否已經(jīng)同意，承運人仍受這種特別協(xié)議所導致的義務或棄權的約定。
4. Where and to the extent that both the carrier and the actual carrier are liable, their liability is joint and several.
如果承運人和實際承運人都有責任，則在此責任范圍內，他們應負連帶責任。
5. The aggregate of the amounts recoverable from the carrier, the actual carrier and their servants and agents shall not exceed the limits of liability provided for in this Convention.
從承運人、實際承運人和他們的受雇人和代理人取得的賠償金額總數(shù)，不得超過本公約所規(guī)定的責任限額。
6. Nothing in this article shall prejudice any right of recourse as between the carrier and the actual carrier.
本條規(guī)定不妨礙承運人和實際承運人之間的任何追索權。
Article 11 Through carriage第十一條 聯(lián)運
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of article 10, where a contract of carriage by sea provides explicitly that a specified part of the carriage covered by the said contract is to be performed by a named person other than the carrier, the contract may also provide that the carrier is not liable for loss, damage or delay in delivery caused by an occurrence which takes place while the goods are in the charge of the actual carrier during such part of the carriage. Nevertheless, any stipulation limiting or excluding such liability is without effect if no judicial proceedings can be instituted against the actual carrier in a court competent under paragraph 1 or 2 of article 21. The burden of proving that any loss, damage or delay in delivery has been caused by such an occurrence rests upon the carrier.
盡管有第十條第1款的規(guī)定，如海上運輸合同明確規(guī)定，該合同包括的某一特定部分的運輸由承運人以外的某一指定人履行，該合同也可以同時規(guī)定，承運人對這一部分運輸期間貨物在實際承運人掌管之下，因發(fā)生事故而造成的滅失、損壞或延遲交付不負責任。但是，如果不能按照第十一條第1款或第2款規(guī)定在管轄權的法院對實際承運人提起法律訴訟，則任何限制或豁免這種賠償責任的規(guī)定均屬無效。承運人應負舉證責任，證明任何滅失、損壞或延遲交付是由上述這種事故造成的。
2. The actual carrier is responsible in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 10 for loss, damage or delay in delivery caused by an occurrence which takes place while the goods are in his charge.
按照第十條第2款的規(guī)定，實際承運人須對貨物在他掌管期間因發(fā)生事故而造成的滅失、損壞或延遲交付負責。
PART III LIABILITY OF THE SHIPPER第三部分 托運人的責任
Article 12 General rule第十二條 一般規(guī)則
The shipper is not liable for loss sustained by the carrier or the actual carrier, or for damage sustained by the ship, unless such loss or damage was caused by the fault or neglect of the shipper, his servants or agents. Nor is any servant or agent of the shipper liable for such loss or damage unless the loss or damage was caused by fault or neglect on his part.
托運人對承運人或實際承運人所遭受的損失或船舶所遭受的損壞不負賠償責任，除非這種損失或損壞是由托運人、其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏所造成。托運人的任何受雇人或代理人對這種損失或損壞也不責責任，除非這種損失或損壞是由他自己的過失或疏忽所造成。
Article 13 Special rules on dangerous goods
第十三條 關于危險貨物的特殊規(guī)則
1. The shipper must mark or label in a suitable manner dangerous goods as dangerous.
托運人必須以適當?shù)姆绞皆谖ｋU貨物上加上危險的標志或標簽。
2. Where the shipper hands over dangerous goods to the carrier or an actual carrier, as the case may be, the shipper must inform him of the dangerous character of the goods and, if necessary, of the precautions to be taken. If the shipper fails to do so and such carrier or actual carrier does not otherwise have knowledge of their dangerous character:
當托運人將危險貨物交給承運人或實際承運人時，托運人必須告知貨物的危險性，必要時并告知應采取的預防措施。如果托運人沒有這樣做，而且該承運人或實際承運人又未從其他方面得知貨物的危險特性，則：
(a) the shipper is liable to the carrier and any actual carrier for the loss resulting from the shipment of such goods, and
托運人對承運人和任何實際承運人因載運這種貨物而造成的損失負賠償責任。并且，
(b) the goods may at any time be unloaded, destroyed or rendered innocuous, as the circumstances may require, without payment of compensation.
根據(jù)情況需要，可以隨時將貨物卸下，銷毀或使之無害，而不予賠償；
3. The provisions of paragraph 2 of this article may not be invoked by any person if during the carriage he has taken the goods in his charge with knowledge of their dangerous character.
任何人如在運輸期間，明知貨物的危險特性而加以接管，則不得援引本條第2款的規(guī)定。
4. If, in cases where the provisions of paragraph 2, subparagraph (b), of this article do not apply or may not be invoked, dangerous goods become an actual danger to life or property, they may be unloaded, destroyed or rendered innocuous, as the circumstances may require, without payment of compensation except where there is an obligation to contribute in general average or where the carrier is liable in accordance with the provisions of article 5.
如果本條第2款（b）項的規(guī)定不適用或不能援引，而危險貨物對生命或財產造成實際危險時，可視情況需要，將貨物卸下、銷毀或使之無害，而不予賠償，但共同海損分攤的義務或按照第五條規(guī)定承運人應負的賠償責任除外。
PART IV TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS第四部分 運輸單證
Article 14 Issue of bill of lading第十四條 提單的簽發(fā)
1. When the carrier or the actual carrier takes the goods in his charge, the carrier must, on demand of the shipper, issue to the shipper a bill of lading.
當承運人或實際承運人接管貨物時，應托運人要求，承運人必須給托運人簽發(fā)提單。
2. The bill of lading may be signed by a person having authority from the carrier. A bill of lading signed by the master of the ship carrying the goods is deemed to have been signed on behalf of the carrier.
提單可以由承運人授權的人簽字。提單由載運貨物船舶的船長簽字應視為代表承運人簽字。
3. The signature on the bill of lading may be in handwriting, printed in facsimile, perforated, stamped, in symbols, or made by an other mechanical or electronic means, if not inconsistent with the law of the country where the bill of lading is issued.
提單上的簽字可以用手寫、印摹、打孔、蓋章、符號或如不違反提單簽發(fā)地所在國國家的法律，用任何其他機械的或電子的方法。
Article 15 Contents of bill of lading第十五條 提單的內容
1. The bill of lading must include, inter alia, the following particulars:
除其他事項外，提單必須包括下列項目：
(a) the general nature of the goods, the leading marks necessary for identification of the goods, an express statement, if applicable, as to the dangerous character of the goods, the number of packages or pieces, and the weight of the goods or their quantity otherwise expressed, all such particulars as furnished by the shipper;
貨物的品類，辯認貨物必需的主要標志，如屬危險品，對貨物的危險特性所作的明確說明，包數(shù)或件數(shù)及貨物的重量或以其他方式表示的數(shù)量等，所有這些項目均由托運人提供。
(b) the apparent condition of the goods;貨物的外表狀況；
(c) the name and principal place of business of the carrier;承運人的名稱和主要營業(yè)所；
(d) the name of the shipper;托運人的名稱；
(e) the consignee if named by the shipper;如托運人指定收貨人時，收貨人的名稱；
(f) the port of loading under the contract of carriage by sea and the date on which the goods were taken over by the carrier at the port of loading;
海上運輸合同規(guī)定的裝貨港及承運人在裝貨港接管貨物的日期；
(g) the port of discharge under the contract of carriage by sea;
海上貨物運輸合同規(guī)定的卸貨港；
(h) the number of originals of the bill of lading, if more than one;
如提單正本超過一份，列明提單正本的份數(shù)；
(i) the place of issuance of the bill of lading;提單的簽發(fā)地點；
(j) the signature of the carrier or a person acting on his behalf;
承運人或其代表的簽字；
(k) the freight to the extent payable by the consignee or other indication that freight is payable by him;
收貨人應付運費金額或由收貨人支付運費的其他說明；
(l) the statement referred to in paragraph 3 of article 23;
第二十三條第3款所提到的聲明；
(m) the statement, if applicable, that the goods shall or may be carried on deck;
如屬艙面貨，貨物應該或可以裝在艙面上運輸?shù)穆暶鳎?/div>
(n) the date or the period of delivery of the goods at the port of discharge if expressly agreed upon between the parties; and
如經(jīng)雙方明確協(xié)議，應列明貨物在卸貨港交付的日期或期限；和
(o) any increased limit or limits of liability where agreed in accordance with paragraph 4 of article 6.
按照第六條第4款規(guī)定，協(xié)議的任何增加的賠償責任限額。
2. After the goods have been loaded on board, if the shipper so demands, the carrier must issue to the shipper a "shipped" bill of lading which, in addition to the particulars required under paragraph 1 of this article, must state that the goods are on board a named ship or ships, and the date or dates of loading. If the carrier has previously issued to the shipper a bill of lading or other document of title with resect to any of such goods, on request of the carrier, the shipper must surrender such document in exchange for a "shipped" bill of lading. The carrier may amend any previously issued document in order to meet the shipper''s demand for a "shipped" bill of lading if, as amended, such document includes all the information required to be contained in a "shipped" bill of lading.
貨物裝船后，如果托運人這樣要求，承運人必須給托運人簽發(fā)“已裝船”提單。除本條第1款所規(guī)定的項目外，該提單還必須說明貨物已裝上一艘或數(shù)艘指定的船舶，以及一個或數(shù)個裝貨日期。如果承運人先前已向托運人簽發(fā)過關于該批貨物的任何部分的提單或其他物權單證，經(jīng)承運人要求，托運人必須交回這種單證以換取“已裝船”提單。承運人為了滿足托運人對“已裝船”提單的要求，可以修改任何先前簽發(fā)的單證，但經(jīng)修改后的單證應包括“已裝船”提單所需載有的全部項目。
3. The absence in the bill of lading of one or more particulars referred to in this article does not affect the legal character of the document as a bill of lading provided that it nevertheless meets the requirements set out in paragraph 7 of article 1.
提單缺少本條所規(guī)定的一項或多項，不影響該單證作為提單的法律性質，但該單證必須符合第一條第7款規(guī)定的要求。
Article 16 Bills of lading: reservations and evidentiary effect
第十六條 提單：保留和證據(jù)效力
1. If the bill of lading contains particulars concerning the general nature, leading marks, number of packages or pieces, weight or quantity of the goods which the carrier or other person issuing the bill of lading on his behalf knows or has reasonable grounds to suspect do not accurately represent the goods actually taken over or, where a "shipped" bill of lading is issued, loaded, or if he had no reasonable means of checking such particulars, the carrier or such other person must insert in the bill of lading a reservation specifying these inaccuracies, grounds of suspicion or the absence of reasonable means of checking.
如果承運人或代其簽發(fā)提單的其他人確知或有合理的根據(jù)懷疑提單所載有關貨物的品類、主要標志，包數(shù)或件數(shù)、重量或數(shù)量等項目沒有準確地表示實際接管的貨物，或在簽發(fā)“已裝船”提單的情況下，沒有準確地表示已實際裝船的貨物，或者他無適當?shù)姆椒▉砗藢@些項目，則承運人或該其他人必須在提單上作出保留，注明不符之處、懷疑根據(jù)、或無適當?shù)暮藢Ψ椒ā?/div>
2. If the carrier or other person issuing the bill of lading on his behalf fails to note on the bill of lading the apparent condition of the goods, he is deemed to have noted on the bill of lading that the goods were in apparent good condition.
如果承運人或代他簽提單的其他人未在提單上批注貨物的外表狀況，則應視為他已在提單上注明貨物的外表狀況良好。
3. Except for particulars in respect of which and to the extent to which a reservation permitted under paragraph 1 of this article has been entered:
除按本條第1款規(guī)定就有關項目和其范圍作出許可在保留以外：
(a) the bill of lading is prima facie evidence of the taking over or, where a "shipped" bill of lading is issued, loading, by the carrier of the goods as described in the bill of lading; and
提單是承運人接管，或如簽發(fā)“已裝船”提單時，裝載提單所述貨物的初步證據(jù)；
(b) proof to the contrary by the carrier is not admissible if the bill of lading has been transferred to a third party, including a consignee, who in good faith has acted in reliance on the description of the goods therein.
如果提單已轉讓給相信提單上有關貨物的描述而照此行事的包括收貨人在內的第三方，則承運人提出與此相反的證據(jù)不予接受。
4. A bill of lading which does not, as provided in paragraph 1, subparagraph (k) of article 15, set forth the freight or otherwise indicate that freight is payable by the consignee or does not set forth demurrage incurred at the port of loading payable by the consignee, is prima facie evidence that no freight or such demurrage is payable by him. However, proof to the contrary by the carrier is not admissible when the bill of lading has been transferred to a third party, including a consignee, who in good faith has acted in reliance on the absence in the bill of lading of any such indication.
如果提單未按照第十五條第1款（k）項的規(guī)定載明運費或以其他方式說明運費由收貨人支付或未載明在裝貨港發(fā)生的滯期費由收貨人支付，則該提單是收貨人不支付運費或滯期費的初步證據(jù)。如果提單已轉讓給相信提單上無任何此種說明而照此行事的包括收貨人在內的第三方，則承運人提出的與此相反的證據(jù)不予接受。
Article 17 Guarantees by the shipper第十七條 托運人的保證
1. The shipper is deemed to have guaranteed to the carrier the accuracy of particulars relating to the general nature of the goods, their marks, number, weight and quantity as furnished by him for insertion in the bill of lading. The shipper must indemnify the carrier against the loss resulting from inaccuracies in such particulars. The shipper remains liable even if the bill of lading has been transferred by him. The right of the carrier to such indemnity in no way limits his liability under the contract of carriage by sea to any person other than the shipper.
托運人應視為已向承運人保證，由他提供列入提單的有關貨物的品類、標志、件數(shù)、重量和數(shù)量等項目正確無誤。托運人必須賠償承運人因為這些項目的不正確而導致的損失。托運人即使已將提單轉讓，仍須負賠償責任。承運人取得的這種賠償權利，絕不減輕他按照海上運輸合同對托運人以外的人所負的賠償責任。
2. Any letter of guarantee or agreement by which the shipper undertakes to indemnify the carrier against loss resulting from the issuance of the bill of lading by the carrier, or by a person acting on his behalf, without entering a reservation relating to particulars furnished by the shipper for insertion in the bill of lading, or to the apparent condition of the goods, is void and of no effect as against any third party, including a consignee, to whom the bill of lading has been transferred.
任何保函或協(xié)議，據(jù)此托運人保證賠償承運人由于承運人或其代表未就托運人提供列入提單的項目或貨物的外表狀況批注保留而簽發(fā)的提單所引起的損失，對包括收貨人在內的受讓提單的任何第三方，均屬無效。
3. Such letter of guarantee or agreement is valid as against the shipper unless the carrier or the person acting on his behalf, by omitting the reservation referred to in paragraph 2 of this article, intends to defraud a third party, including a consignee, who acts in reliance on the description of the goods in the bill of lading. In the latter case, if the reservation omitted relates to particulars furnished by the shipper for insertion in the bill of lading, the carrier has no right of indemnity from the shipper pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article.
這種保函或協(xié)議對托運人有效，除非承運人或其代表不批注本條第2款所指的保留是有意詐騙，相信提單上對貨物的描述而行事的包括收貨人在內的第三方，在后面這種情況下，如未批注的保留與由托運人提供列入提單的項目有關，承運人就無權按照本條第1款規(guī)定，要求托運人給予賠償。
4. In the case of intended fraud referred to in paragraph 3 of this article the carrier is liable, without the benefit of the limitation of liability provided for in this Convention, for the loss incurred by a third party, including a consignee, because he has acted in reliance on the description of the goods in the bill of lading.
如屬本條第3款所指的有意詐騙，承運人不得享受本公約所規(guī)定的責任限額的利益，并且對由于相信提單上所載貨物的描述而行事的包括收貨人在內的第三方所遭受的損失負賠償責任。
Article 18 Documents other than bills of lading第十八條 提單以外的單證
Where a carrier issues a document other than a bill of lading to evidence the receipt of the goods to be carried, such a document is prima facie evidence of the conclusion of the contract of carriage by sea and the taking over by the carrier of the goods as therein described.
如果承運人簽發(fā)提單以外的單證以證明收到待運的貨物，該單證就是訂立海上運輸合同和承運人接管該單證中所述貨物的初步證據(jù)。
PART V CLAIMS AND ACTIONS第五部分 索賠和訴訟
Article 19 Notice of loss, damage or delay第十九條 滅失、損壞和延遲交付的通知
1. Unless notice of loss or damage, specifying the general nature of such loss or damage, is given in writing by the consignee to the carrier not later than the working day after the day when the goods were handed over to the consignee, such handing over is prima facie evidence of the delivery by the carrier of the goods as described in the document of transport or, if no such document has been issued, in good condition.
除非貨收人在不遲于貨物移交給他之日后第一個工作日內將滅失或損壞的書面通知送交承運人，敘明滅失或損壞的一般性質，否則此種移交應作為承運人交付運輸單證上所述貨物的初步證據(jù)或如未簽發(fā)這種單證，則應作為完好無損地交付貨物的初步證據(jù)。
2. Where the loss or damage is not apparent, the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article apply correspondingly if notice in writing is not given within 15 consecutive days after the day when the goods were handed over to the consignee.
遇有不明顯的滅失或損壞：在貨物交付收貨人之日后連續(xù)十五天內未送交書面通知，則本條第1款的規(guī)定相應地適用。
3. If the state of the goods at the time they were handed over to the consignee has been the subject of a joint survey or inspection by the parties, notice in writing need not be given of loss or damage ascertained during such survey or inspection.
如貨物的狀況在交付收貨人時，已經(jīng)由當事各方聯(lián)合檢查或檢驗，即無需就檢查或檢驗中所查明的滅失或損壞送交書面通知。
4. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage the carrier and the consignee must give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods.
遇有任何實際的或意料到的滅失或損失時，承運人和收貨人必須為檢驗和清點貨物相互提供一切合理的便利。
5. No compensation shall be payable for loss resulting from delay in delivery unless a notice has been given in writing to the carrier within 60 consecutive days after the day when the goods were handed over to the consignee.
除非在貨物交給收貨人之日后連續(xù)六十天之內書面通知承運人，否則對延遲交付造成的損失不予賠償。
6. If the goods have been delivered by an actual carrier, any notice given under this article to him shall have the same effect as if it had been given to the carrier, and any notice given to the carrier shall have effect as if given to such actual carrier.
如果貨物由實際承運人交付，根據(jù)本條送給他的任何通知具有如同送交承運人的同等效力，同樣，送交承運人的任何通知具有如同送交實際承運人的同等效力。
7. Unless notice of loss or damage, specifying the general nature of the loss or damage, is given in writing by the carrier or actual carrier to the shipper not later than 90 consecutive days after the occurrence of such loss or damage or after the delivery of the goods in accordance with paragraph 2 of article 4, whichever is later, the failure to give such notice is prima facie evidence that the carrier or the actual carrier has sustained no loss or damage due to the fault or neglect of the shipper, his servants or agents.
除非承運人或實際承運人不遲于滅失或損壞事故發(fā)生后或依照第四條第2款在貨物交付后連續(xù)九十天之內，以較后發(fā)生日期為準，將滅失或損壞的書面通知送交托運人，敘明此種滅失或損壞的一般性質，否則，未提交這種通知即為承運人或實際承運人沒有因為托運人或其受雇人或代理人的過失或疏忽而遭受滅失或損壞的初步證據(jù)。
8. For the purpose of this article, notice given to a person acting on the carrier''s or the actual carrier''s behalf, including the master or the officer in charge of the ship, or to a person acting on the shipper''s behalf is deemed to have been given to the carrier, to the actual carrier or to the shipper, respectively.
就本條而言，通知送交給代表承運人或實際承運人行事的人包括船長或主管船舶的高級船員，或送交代表托運人行事的人，即應分別視為已經(jīng)送交承運人、實際承運人或托運人。
Article 20 Limitation of actions第二十條 訴訟時效
1. Any action relating to carriage of goods under this Convention is time-barred if judicial or arbitral proceedings have not been instituted within a period of two years.
按照本公約有關貨物運輸?shù)娜魏卧V訟，如果在兩年內沒有提出司法或仲裁程序，即失去時效。
2. The limitation period commences on the day on which the carrier has delivered the goods or part thereof or, in cases where no goods have been delivered, on the last day on which the goods should have been delivered.
時效期限自承運人交付貨物或部分貨物之日開始，如未交付貨物，則自貨物應該交付的最后一日開始。
3. The day on which the limitation period commences is not included in the period.
時效期限開始之日不計算在期限內。
4. The person against whom a claim is made may at any time during the running of the limitation period extend that period by a declaration in writing to the claimant. This period may be further extended by another declaration or declarations.
被要求賠償?shù)娜�，可以在時效期限內的任何時間，向索賠人提出書面說明，延長時效期限。該期限還可以用另一次或多次聲明再度延長。
5. An action for indemnity by a person held liable may be instituted even after the expiration of the limitation period provided for in the preceding paragraphs if instituted within the time allowed by the law of the State where proceedings are instituted. However, the time allowed shall not be less than 90 days commencing from the day when the person instituting such action for indemnity has settled the claim or has been served with process in the action against himself.
如果訴訟是在起訴地所有國國家法律許可的時間內提起，負有賠償責任的人即使在以上各款規(guī)定的時效期限屆滿后，仍可以提起追賠的訴訟。但是，所許可的時間不得小于從提起索賠訴訟的人已解決了對他的賠償或從他本人提起的傳票送達之日起九十天。
Article 21 Jurisdiction第二十一條 管轄權
1. In judicial proceedings relating to carriage of goods under this Convention the plaintiff, at his option, may institute an action in a court which, according to the law of the State where the court is situated, is competent and within the jurisdiction of which is situated one of the following places:
按本公約規(guī)定在有關貨物運輸?shù)乃痉ǔ绦蛑�，原告可以選擇在這樣的法院提起訴訟，按照該法院所在國法律該法院有權管轄，并且下列地點之一位于該法院管轄范圍：
(a) the principal place of business or, in the absence thereof, the habitual residence of the defendant; or
被告的主要營業(yè)所，或如無主要營業(yè)所時，其通常住所；或
(b) the place where the contract was made provided that the defendant has there a place of business, branch or agency through which the contract was made; or
合同訂立地，但該合同須是通過被告在該地的營業(yè)所、分支機構或代理機構訂立的；或
(c) the port of loading or the port of discharge; or裝貨港或卸貨港；或
(d) any additional place designated for that purpose in the contract of carriage by sea.
海上運輸合同中為此目的指定的任何其他地點。
2. (a) Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this article, an action may be instituted in the courts of any port or place in a Contracting State at which the carrying vessel or any other vessel of the same ownership may have been arrested in accordance with applicable rules of the law of that State and of international law. However, in such a case, at the petition of the defendant, the claimant must remove the action, at his choice, to one of the jurisdictions referred to in paragraph 1 of this article for the determination of the claim, but before such removal the defendant must furnish security sufficient to ensure payment of any judgement that may subsequently be awarded to the claimant in the action.
盡管有本條上述各項規(guī)定，如果載貨船舶或屬于同一船舶所有人的任何其他船舶，在一個締約國的任何一個港口或地點，按照該國適用法律規(guī)則和國際法規(guī)則被扣留，就可在該港口或該地點的法院提起訴訟。但是，在這種情況下，一經(jīng)被告請求，原告必須將訴訟轉移到由原告選擇的本條第1款所指的管轄法院之一，以對索賠作出判決。但在訴訟轉移之前，被告必須提供足夠的保證金，以確保支付在訴訟中可能最后送給原告的金額。
(b) All questions relating to the sufficiency or otherwise of the security shall be determined by the court of the port or place of the arrest.
一切有關保證金是否夠的問題，應由扣留港口或地點的法院裁定。
3. No judicial proceedings relating to carriage of goods under this Convention may be instituted in a place not specified in paragraph 1 or 2 of this article. The provisions of this paragraph do not constitute an obstacle to the jurisdiction of the Contracting States for provisional or protective measures.
按照本公約有關貨物運輸?shù)囊磺蟹稍V訟，不得在本條第1或第2款沒有規(guī)定的地點提起。 本款的規(guī)定不妨礙締約國采取臨時性或保護性措施的管轄權。
4. (a) Where an action has been instituted in a court competent under paragraph 1 or 2 of this article or where judgement has been delivered by such a court, no new action may be started between the same parties on the same grounds unless the judgement of the court before which the first action was instituted is not enforceable in the country in which the new proceedings are instituted;
如已在按本條第1或第2款規(guī)定有管轄權的法院提起訴訟，或已由這樣的法院作出判決，相同當事人之間不得基于相同理由，提起新的訴訟，除非受理第一次訴訟的法院的判決在提起新訴訟地的國家不能執(zhí)行；
(b) for the purpose of this article the institution of measures with a view to obtaining enforcement of a judgement is not to be considered as the starting of a new action;
就本條而言，為執(zhí)行判決而采取措施，不應視為提起新的訴訟；
(c) for the purpose of this article, the removal of an action to a different court within the same country, or to a court in another country, in accordance with paragraph 2(a) of this article, is not to be considered as the starting of a new action.
就本條而言，按照本條第2款（a）項將訴訟轉移到同一個國家的另一個法院，或轉移到另一個國家的法院，不應視為提起新的訴訟。
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of the preceding paragraphs, an agreement made by the parties, after a claim under the contract of carriage by sea has arisen, which designates the place where the claimant may institute an action, is effective.
盡管有以上各款的規(guī)定，在按照海上運輸合同提出索賠之后，當事各方達成的指定索賠人可以提起訴訟的地點的協(xié)議應屬有效。
Article 22 Arbitration第二十二條 仲裁
1. Subject to the provisions of this article, parties may provide by agreement evidenced in writing that any dispute that may arise relating to carriage of goods under this Convention shall be referred to arbitration.
按照本條各項規(guī)定，當事各方可以用書面證明的協(xié)議規(guī)定，按照本公約可能發(fā)生的有關貨物運輸?shù)娜魏螤幎藨峤恢俨谩?/div>
2. Where a charter-party contains a provision that disputes arising thereunder shall be referred to arbitration and a bill of lading issued pursuant to the charter-party does not contain a special annotation providing that such provision shall be binding upon the holder of the bill of lading, the carrier may not invoke such provision as against a holder having acquired the bill of lading in good faith.
如租船合同載有該合同引起的爭端應提交仲裁的條款，而依據(jù)租船合同簽發(fā)的提單并未特別注明此條款對提單持有人具有約束力，則承運人不得對相信提單的提單持有人援引該條款。
3. The arbitration proceedings shall, at the option of the claimant, be instituted at one of the following places:
原告可以選擇在下列地點之一，提起仲裁程序：
(a) a place in a State within whose territory is situated:
一個國家的某一地方，而在該國境內設有：
(i) the principal place of business of the defendant or, in the absence thereof, the habitual residence of the defendant; or
被告的主要營業(yè)所，或無主要營業(yè)所時，其通常住所；或
(ii) the place where the contract was made, provided that the defendant has there a place of business, branch or agency through which the contract was made; or
簽訂合同地，但該合同須是通過被告在該地的營業(yè)所、分支機構或代理機構訂立的；或
(iii) the port of loading or the port of discharge; or裝貨港或卸貨港；或
(b) any place designated for that purpose in the arbitration clause or agreement.
仲裁條款或協(xié)議中為此目的而指定的任何地點。
4. The arbitrator or arbitration tribunal shall apply the rules of this Convention.
仲裁員或仲裁庭應當應用本公約的各項規(guī)則。
5. The provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 of this article are deemed to be part of every arbitration clause or agreement, and any term of such clause or agreement which is inconsistent therewith is null and void.
本條第3和第4款規(guī)定應視為每一仲裁條款或協(xié)議的一部分，仲裁條款或協(xié)議中與此兩款不符的任何規(guī)定，均屬無效。
6. Nothing in this article affects the validity of an agreement relating to arbitration made by the parties after the claim under the contract of carriage by sea has arisen.
本條各款不影響按照海上運輸合同提出索賠之后，當事各方所訂立的有關仲裁協(xié)議的效力。
PART VI SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS第六部分 補充規(guī)定
Article 23 Contractual stipulations第二十三條 合同條款
1. Any stipulation in a contract of carriage by sea, in a bill of lading, or in any other document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea is null and void to the extent that it derogates, directly or indirectly, from the provisions of this Convention. The nullity of such a stipulation does not affect the validity of the other provisions of the contract or document of which it forms a part. A clause assigning benefit of insurance of the goods in favour of the carrier, or any similar clause, is null and void.
海上運輸合同、提單或證明海上運輸合同的任何其他單證中的任何條款，在其直接或間接違背本公約規(guī)定的范圍內，均屬無效。這種條款的無效不影響作為該合同或單證的其他部分規(guī)定的效力。將貨物的保險利益讓給承運人的條款，或任何類似條款，均屬無效。
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article, a carrier may increase his responsibilities and obligations under this Convention.
盡管有本條第1款的規(guī)定，承運人可以增加本公約中規(guī)定的他的責任和義務。
3. Where a bill of lading or any other document evidencing the contract of carriage by sea is issued, it must contain a statement that the carriage is subject to the provisions of this Convention which nullify any stipulation derogating therefrom to the detriment of the shipper or the consignee.
在簽發(fā)提單或證明海上運輸合同的任何其他單證時，其中必須載有一項聲明，說明該項運輸遵守本公約的各項規(guī)定，任何背離本公約而有害于托運人或收貨人的條款，均屬無效。
4. Where the claimant in respect of the goods has incurred loss as a result of a stipulation which is null and void by virtue of the present article, or as a result of the omission of the statement referred to in paragraph 3 of this article, the carrier must pay compensation to the extent required in order to give the claimant compensation in accordance with the provisions of this Convention for any loss of or damage to the goods as well as for delay in delivery. The carrier must, in addition, pay compensation for costs incurred by the claimant for the purpose of exercising his right, provided that costs incurred in the action where the foregoing provision is invoked are to be determined in accordance with the law of the State where proceedings are instituted.
如有關貨物的索賠人由于本條款使某項合同條款成為無效或由于漏載本條第3款所提的聲明而遭受損失時，為了給予索賠人賠償，承運人必須按照本公約規(guī)定對貨物的任何滅失或損壞以及延遲交付所要求的限額內的賠償金。此外，承運人必須賠償索賠人為行使其權利而產生的費用，但在援引上述規(guī)定的訴訟中所發(fā)生的費用，應按照起訴地國家法律確定。
Article 24 General average第二十四條 共同海損
1. Nothing in this Convention shall prevent the application of provisions in the contract of carriage by sea or national law regarding the adjustment of general average.
本公約各條規(guī)定不妨礙海上運輸合同或國家法律中關于共同海損理算的規(guī)定的適用。
2. With the exception of article 20, the provisions of this Convention relating to the liability of the carrier for loss of or damage to the goods also determine whether the consignee may refuse contribution in general average and the liability of the carrier to indemnify the consignee in respect of any such contribution made or any salvage paid.
除第二十條外，本公約關于承運人對貨物滅失或損壞的賠償責任的規(guī)定，也決定收貨人是否可以拒絕共同海損分攤和承運人對收貨人已交付的任何此種分攤或已支付的任何救助費的賠償責任。
Article 25 Other conventions第二十五條 其他公約
1. This Convention does not modify the rights or duties of the carrier, the actual carrier and their servants and agents, provided for in international conventions or national law relating to the limitation of liability of owners of seagoing ships.
本公約不改變有關海運船舶所有人責任限額的國際公約或國家法律中規(guī)定的承運人、實際承運人和他們的受雇人的代理人的權利或義務。
2. The provisions of articles 21 and 22 of this Convention do not prevent the application of the mandatory provisions of any other multilateral convention already in force at the date of this Convention [March 31, 1978] relating to matters dealt with in the said articles, provided that the dispute arises exclusively between parties having their principal place of business in States members of such other convention. However, this paragraph does not affect the application of paragraph 4 of article 22 of this Convention.
本公約第二十一條和第二十二條的各項規(guī)定不妨礙在本公約締結之日已生效的有關該兩條所處理事項的任何其他多邊公約的強制性規(guī)定的適用，但須爭端完全發(fā)生在其要營業(yè)所位于這種其他公約的締約國內的當事方之間。但是，本款不影響本公約第二十二條第4款的適用。
3. No liability shall arise under the provisions of this Convention for damage caused by a nuclear incident if the operator of a nuclear installation is liable for such damage:
對核事故造成的損害，按本公約規(guī)定不發(fā)生賠償責任，如果核裝置操作人根據(jù)下列規(guī)定對該損害負賠償責任：
(a) under either the Paris Convention of 29 July 1960 on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy as amended by the Additional Protocol of 28 January 1964 or the Vienna Convention of 21 May 1963 on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, or
根據(jù)經(jīng)一九六四年一月二十八日補充議定書修訂的一九六O年七月二十九日關于在核能領域中第三方賠償責任的巴黎公約或者根據(jù)一九六三年五月二十一日關于核損害的民事賠償責任的維也納公約，或
(b) by virtue of national law governing the liability for such damage, provided that such law is in all respects as favourable to persons who may suffer damage as either the Paris or Vienna Conventions.
根據(jù)規(guī)定對這種損害賠償?shù)膰曳�，但此種法律須在各方面都同巴黎公約或維也納公約那樣有利于可能遭受損害的人。
4. No liability shall arise under the provisions of this Convention for any loss of or damage to or delay in delivery of luggage for which the carrier is responsible under any international convention or national law relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea.
如按照有關海上運送旅客及其行李的任何國際公約或國家法律，承運人對行李的任何滅失、損壞或延遲交付負賠償責任，則根據(jù)本公約規(guī)定不發(fā)生賠償責任。
5. Nothing contained in this Convention prevents a Contracting State from applying any other international convention which is already in force at the date of this Convention and which applies mandatorily to contracts of carriage of goods primarily by a mode of transport other than transport by sea. This provision also applies to any subsequent revision or amendment of such international convention.
本公約各項規(guī)定不妨礙締約國應用在本公約締結之日已經(jīng)生效的任何其他國際公約，而該公約是強制性地適用于主要運輸方式不是海上運輸?shù)呢浳镞\輸合同。本規(guī)定也適用于此種國際公約以后的任何修訂或修改。
Article 26 Unit of account第二十六條 記賬單位
1. The unit of account referred to in article 6 of this Convention is the Special Drawing Right as defined by the International Monetary Fund. The amounts mentioned in article 6 are to be converted into the national currency of a State according to the value of such currency at the date of judgement or the date agreed upon by the parties. The value of a national currency, in terms of the Special Drawing Right, of a Contracting State which is a member of the International Monetary Fund is to be calculated in accordance with the method of valuation applied by the International Monetary Fund in effect at the date in question for its operations and transactions. The value of a national currency in terms of the Special Drawing Right of a Contracting State which is not a member of the International Monetary Fund is to be calculated in a manner determined by that State.
本公約第六條所指的記賬單位是國際貨幣基金組織所規(guī)定的特別提款權。第六條所述的數(shù)額應按在判決日或當事各方議定之日該國貨幣的價值換算為該國貨幣。凡屬國際貨幣基金組織成員的本公約締約國，以特別提款權表示的本國貨幣價值應按國際貨幣基金組織中上述日期進行營業(yè)和交易中應用的定值辦法計算。非國際貨幣基金組織成員的本公約締約國，以特別提款權表示的本國貨幣價值，應按該國決定的辦法計算。
2. Nevertheless, those States which are not members of the International Monetary Fund and whose law does not permit the application of the provisions of paragraph 1 of this article may, at the time of signature, or at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession or at any time thereafter, declare that the limits of liability provided for in this Convention to be applied in their territories shall be fixed as:
但是，非國際貨幣基金組織成員國而且其法律又不允許應用本條款第1款規(guī)定的國家，可以在簽字時，或在批準、接受、認可或加入時，或在其后的任何時候，聲明本公約規(guī)定的責任限額在該國領土內適用時，應確定為：
12,500 monetary units per package or other shipping unit or 37.5 monetary units per kilogramme of gross weight of the goods.
貨物每件或其他貨運單位12500貨幣單位，或貨物毛重每公斤37.5貨幣單位。
3. The monetary unit referred to in paragraph 2 of this article corresponds to sixty-five and a half milligrammes of gold of millesimal fineness nine hundred. The conversion of the amounts referred to in paragraph 2 into the national currency is to be made according to the law of the State concerned.
本條第2款所指的貨幣單位等于純度為千分之九百的六十五點五毫克黃金。將第2款所指的數(shù)額換算成國家貨幣時，應按該國法律規(guī)定辦理。
4. The calculation mentioned in the last sentence of paragraph 1 and the conversion mentioned in paragraph 3 of this article is to be made in such a manner as to express in the national currency of the Contracting State as far as possible the same real value for the amounts in article 6 as is expressed there in units of account. Contracting States must communicate to the depositary the manner of calculation pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article, or the result of the conversion mentioned in paragraph 3 of this article, as the case may be, at the time of signature or when depositing their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, or when availing themselves of the option provided for in paragraph 2 of this article and whenever there is a change in the manner of such calculation or in the result of such conversion.
本條第一款最后一句所述的計算及本條第三款所述的換算應這樣進行，即盡可能使以締約國貨幣表示的數(shù)額與在第六條內以記賬單位表示的數(shù)額的實際價值相同。締約國在簽字時或在交存其批準書、接受書、認可書和加入書時，或在利用本條第2款所規(guī)定的選擇時，以及在計算方法或換算結果有改變時，必須視情況，將依照本條第1款決定計算的方法或本條第3款所述的換算結果，通知公約保管人。
PART VII FINAL CLAUSES第七部分 最后條款
Article 27 Depositary第二十七條 保管人
The Secretary General of the United Nations is hereby designated as the depositary of this Convention.
茲指定聯(lián)合國秘書長為本公約保管人。
Article 28 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval, accession
第二十八條 簽字、批準、接受、認可、加入
1. This Convention is open for signature by all States until 30 April 1979 at the Headquarters of the United Nations, New York.
本公約于一九七九年四月三十日以前在紐約聯(lián)合國總部對所有國家開放，以供簽字。
2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States.
本公約須經(jīng)簽字國批準、接受或認可。
3. After 30 April 1979, this Convention will be open for accession by all States which are not signatory States.
一九七九年四月三十日以后，本公約對所有不是簽字國的國家開放，以便加入。
4. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval and accession are to be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
批準書、接受書、認可書和加入書應由聯(lián)合國秘書長保管。
Article 29 Reservations第二十九條 保留
No reservations may be made to this Convention.對本公約不得作任何保留。
Article 30 Entry into force第三十條 生效
1. This Convention enters into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of one year from the date of deposit of the 20th instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.
本公約自第二十份批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書交存之日起滿一年后的次月第一日生效。
2. For each State which becomes a Contracting State to this Convention after the date of deposit of the 20th instrument of ratification, acceptance approval or accession, this Convention enters into force on the first day of the month following the expiration of one year after the deposit of the appropriate instrument on behalf of that State.
對于在第二十份批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書交存之日后成為本公約締約國的每一個國家，本公約自該國交存相應文件之日起滿一年后的次月第一日生效。
3. Each Contracting State shall apply the provisions of this Convention to contracts of carriage by sea concluded on or after the date of the entry into force of this Convention in respect of that State.
每一締約國應將本公約的各項規(guī)定適用于在本公約地該國生效之日或其后簽訂的海上運輸合同。
Article 31 Denunciation of other conventions第三十一條 退出其他公約
1. Upon becoming a Contracting State to this Convention, any State party to the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 25 August 1924 (1924 Convention) must notify the Government of Belgium as the depositary of the 1924 Convention of its denunciation of the said Convention with a declaration that the denunciation is to take effect as from the date when this Convention enters into force in respect of that State.
在成為本公約締約國時，凡是一九二四年八月二十五日在布魯塞爾簽訂的關于統(tǒng)一提單若干規(guī)則的國際公約（一九二四年公約）的締約國，都必須通知作為一九二四年公約保管人的比利時政府退出該公約，并聲明該退出自本公約對該國生效之日起生效。
2. Upon the entry into force of this Convention under paragraph 1 of article 30, the depositary of this Convention must notify the Government of Belgium as the depositary of the 1924 Convention of the date of such entry into force, and of the names of the Contracting States in respect of which the Convention has entered into force.
按照第三十條第1款規(guī)定，本公約生效時，本公約的保管人必須將生效日期和本公約對其生效的締約國國名，通知一九二四年公約的保管人比利時政府。
3. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article apply correspondingly in respect of States parties to the Protocol signed on 23 February 1968 to amend the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules relating to Bills of Lading signed at Brussels on 25 August 1924.
本條第1款和第2款的規(guī)定，對一九六八年二月二十三日簽訂的修改一九二四年八月二十五日在布魯塞爾簽訂的關于統(tǒng)一提單若干規(guī)則的國際公約的議定書的締約國相應適用。
4. Notwithstanding article 2 of this Convention, for the purposes of paragraph 1 of this article, a Contracting State may, if it deems it desirable, defer the denunciation of the 1924 Convention and of the 1924 Convention as modified by the 1968 Protocol for a maximum period of five years from the entry into force of this Convention. It will then notify the Government of Belgium of its intention. During this transitory period, it must apply to the Contracting States this Convention to the exclusion of any other one.
盡管有本公約第二條規(guī)定，就本條第1款而言，締約國如果認為需要，可以推遲退出一九二四年公約和經(jīng)過一九六八年議定書修改的一九二四年公約，推遲的最長期限為自本公約生效之日起五年，在這種情況下，它應把自己的意圖通知比利時政府。在此過渡期間，該締約國必須對其他締約國應用本公約，而不應用任何其他公約。
Article 32 Revision and amendment第三十二條 修訂和修改
1. At the request of not less than one-third of the Contracting States to this Convention, the depositary shall convene a conference of the Contracting States for revising or amending it.
經(jīng)不少于三分之一的本公約締約國的要求，保管人應召開締約國會議，以修訂或者修改本公約。
2. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the entry into force of an amendment to this Convention, is deemed to apply to the Convention as amended.
在本公約修訂案生效后交存的任何批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書，應視為適用于經(jīng)修改后的本公約。
Article 33 Revision of the limitation amounts and unit of account or monetary unit
第三十三條 對限額和記賬單位或貨幣單位的修訂
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of article 32, a conference only for the purpose of altering the amount specified in article 6 and paragraph 2 of article 26, or of substituting either or both of the units defined in paragraphs 1 and 3 of article 26 by other units is to be convened by the depositary in accordance with paragraph 2 of this article. An alteration of the amounts shall be made only because of a significant change in their real value.
盡管有第三十二條的規(guī)定，保管人應按照本條第2款規(guī)定，召開專為修改第六條和第二十六條第2款所定的數(shù)額或者用其他單位代替第二十六第1款和第3款所定的兩個單位或其中的一個單位為目的的會議。數(shù)額中只有在其實際價值發(fā)生重大變化時，才得加以修改。
2. A revision conference is to be convened by the depositary when not less than one-fourth of the Contracting States so request.
經(jīng)不少于四分之一締約國要求，保管人即應召開修訂會議。
3. Any decision by the conference must be taken by a two-thirds majority of the participating States. The amendment is communicated by the depositary to all the Contracting States for acceptance and to all the States signatories of the Convention for information.
會議的任何決定必須由與會國家三分之二的多數(shù)作出。修訂案由保管人送交所有締約國以便接受，并通報所有該公約的簽字國。
4. Any amendment adopted enters into force on the first day of the month following one year after its acceptance by two-thirds of the Contracting States. Acceptance is to be effected by the deposit of a formal instrument to that effect, with the depositary.
所通過的任何修訂案自獲利三分之三締約國接受之日起，在滿一年后的次月第一日生效。接受修訂案時，應將表示接受的正式文件交存保管人。
5. After entry into force of an amendment a Contracting State which has accepted the amendment is entitled to apply the Convention as amended in its relations with Contracting States which have not within six months after the adoption of the amendment notified the depositary that they are not bound by the amendment.
修訂案生效后，接受修訂案的締約國，在同修訂案通過后六個月內沒有通知保管人不特殊的該修訂案約束的締約國的關系上，有權應用經(jīng)修訂的公約。
6. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the entry into force of an amendment to this Convention, is deemed to apply to the Convention as amended.
在本公約修訂案生效后交存的任何批準書、接受書、認可書或加入書，應視為適用經(jīng)修訂的公約。
Article 34 Denunciation第三十四條 退出
1. A Contracting State may denounce this Convention at any time by means of a notification in writing addressed to the depositary.
締約國可以在任何時候書面通知保管人退出本公約。
2. The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month following the expiration of one year after the notification is received by the depositary. Where a longer period is specified in the notification, the denunciation takes effect upon the expiration of such longer period after the notification is received by the depositary.
退出本公約自保管人收到通知書之日起，在滿一年后的次月的第一日生效。如在通知中規(guī)定了較長的期限，則退出本公約自保管人收到通知后在該較長期限屆滿時生效。
DONE at Hamburg, this thirty-first day of March one thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight, in a single original, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic.
一九七八年三月三十一日訂于漢堡，正本一份。其阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文、俄文和西班牙方文本具有同等效力。
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed the present Convention.
下列全權代表，經(jīng)其政府正式授權，已在本公約上簽字，以資證明。
COMMON UNDERSTANDING ADOPTED BY THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA
聯(lián)合國海上貨物運輸會議通過的共同諒解
It is the common understanding that the liability of the carrier under this Convention is based on the principle of presumed fault or neglect. This means that, as a rule, the burden of proof rests on the carrier but, with respect to certain cases, the provisions of the Convention modify this rule.
茲取得以下共同諒解：根據(jù)本公約，承運人的責任以推定過失或疏忽的原則為基礎。也就是說，通常由承運人負舉證責任，但在某些情況下，公約的規(guī)定會改變這一規(guī)則。
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