Promulgating Institution:       Supreme People's Court頒布機(jī)關(guān):最高人民法院
Document Number:       Fa Shi [2004] No. 14 文   號:    法釋[2004]14號
 
Promulgating Date: 頒布時間10/25/2004
Effective Date: 實(shí)施時間:     01/01/2005
Validity Status: Valid效力狀態(tài):      有效
 
 (Adopted at the 1327th Meeting of the Trial Committee of the Supreme People's Court on 29 September 2004; Effective as of 1 January 2005)
（2004年9月29日最高人民法院審判委員會第1327次會議通過 自2005年1月1日起施行）
 
In accordance with the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China, the Biding Law of People's Republic of China, the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, and the related laws and regulations, and based on the actual situation of the civil trial and adjudication, this Interpretation is formulated for issues concerning the application of law in the trial of cases involving project construction contract disputes.
根據(jù)《中華人民共和國民法通則》、《中華人民共和國合同法》、《中華人民共和國招標(biāo)投標(biāo)法》、《中華人民共和國民事訴訟法》等法律規(guī)定,結(jié)合民事審判實(shí)際,就審理建設(shè)工程施工合同糾紛案件適用法律的問題,制定本解釋。
 
   Article 1    If a project construction contract falls under any of the following circumstances, it shall be deemed invalid in accordance with Item (5) of Article 52 of the Contract Law:
(1) The contractor engages in the construction without the qualification of a construction enterprise or exceeding the grade of its qualification;
(2) The actual constructor that is unqualified engages in the construction under the name of a qualified construction enterprise; and
(3) The construction requires a bid invitation but no bid is made therefor or the winning bid is invalid.
     第一條  建設(shè)工程施工合同具有下列情形之一的,應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)合同法第五十二條第(五)項(xiàng)的規(guī)定,認(rèn)定無效:
    (一)承包人未取得建筑施工企業(yè)資質(zhì)或者超越資質(zhì)等級的;
    (二)沒有資質(zhì)的實(shí)際施工人借用有資質(zhì)的建筑施工企業(yè)名義的;
(三)建設(shè)工程必須進(jìn)行招標(biāo)而未招標(biāo)或者中標(biāo)無效的。
 
   Article 2    If a project construction contract is invalid, yet the construction passes completion inspection, the claim of the contractor for payment of the construction price as agreed in the contract shall be upheld.
第二條        建設(shè)工程施工合同無效,但建設(shè)工程經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收合格,承包人請求參照合同約定支付工程價款的,應(yīng)予支持。
第三條        
   Article 3    If a project construction contract is invalid, and the construction fails to pass completion inspection, the matter shall be resolved as follows:
(1) If the construction passes completion inspection after repairs have been made, and the employer requires the contractor to bear the expenses of the repairs, such request shall be upheld; or
(2) If the construction fails to pass completion inspection after repairs have been made, the request of the contractor for payment of the construction price shall not be upheld.
The employer shall bear corresponding civil liability for the losses caused by the unqualified construction if it is also at fault.
     第三條  建設(shè)工程施工合同無效,且建設(shè)工程經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收不合格的,按照以下情形分別處理:
    (一)修復(fù)后的建設(shè)工程經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收合格,發(fā)包人請求承包人承擔(dān)修復(fù)費(fèi)用的,應(yīng)予支持;
    (二)修復(fù)后的建設(shè)工程經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收不合格,承包人請求支付工程價款的,不予支持。
因建設(shè)工程不合格造成的損失,發(fā)包人有過錯的,也應(yīng)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的民事責(zé)任。
 
   Article 4    If the contractor illegally transfers or unlawfully subcontracts the contracted construction project or an actual constructor that is unqualified enters into a project construction contract with a third person under the name of a qualified construction enterprise, such act shall be deemed invalid. The people's court may confiscate the illegal gains that the parties concerned have obtained according to Article 134 of the General Principles of the Civil Law.
第四條        承包人非法轉(zhuǎn)包、違法分包建設(shè)工程或者沒有資質(zhì)的實(shí)際施工人借用有資質(zhì)的建筑施工企業(yè)名義與他人簽訂建設(shè)工程施工合同的行為無效。人民法院可以根據(jù)民法通則第一百三十四條規(guī)定,收繳當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)取得的非法所得。
第五條        
   Article 5    If the contractor enters into a project construction contract in exceeding the business scope as permitted by its qualification grade, yet possesses the necessary qualification grade prior to completion of the construction, the request of a party concerned for invalidating the contract shall not be upheld.
     第五條  承包人超越資質(zhì)等級許可的業(yè)務(wù)范圍簽訂建設(shè)工程施工合同,在建設(shè)工程竣工前取得相應(yīng)資質(zhì)等級,當(dāng)事人請求按照無效合同處理的,不予支持。
 
   Article 6    If the parties concerned have agreed upon advanced payment and the interest thereon, the request of the contractor for return of the advanced payment and interest as agreed shall be upheld, except to the extent that the agreed interest rate is higher than that of a loan of the same type published by the People's Bank of China for the same period.
If the parties concerned fail to agree upon the advanced payment, such advanced payment shall be treated as a construction debt.
If the parties concerned fail to agree upon the interest on advanced payment, the request of the contractor for payment of the interest shall not be upheld.
     第六條  當(dāng)事人對墊資和墊資利息有約定,承包人請求按照約定返還墊資及其利息的,應(yīng)予支持,但是約定的利息計算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高于中國人民銀行發(fā)布的同期同類貸款利率的部分除外。
    當(dāng)事人對墊資沒有約定的,按照工程欠款處理。
當(dāng)事人對墊資利息沒有約定,承包人請求支付利息的,不予支持。
 
   Article 7   If a labor service subcontract is executed between the contractor, the general contractor, and the subcontractor that all possess qualification for providing labor service, and a party concerned files a request for invalidating the contract on the ground that the subcontracting of the construction violates the provisions of law, such a request shall not be upheld.
     第七條  具有勞務(wù)作業(yè)法定資質(zhì)的承包人與總承包人、分包人簽訂的勞務(wù)分包合同,當(dāng)事人以轉(zhuǎn)包建設(shè)工程違反法律規(guī)定為由請求確認(rèn)無效的,不予支持。
 
   Article 8    The request of the employer to terminate the project construction contract shall be upheld if the contractor:
(1) Has clearly expressed the intention or demonstrated through acts that it refuses to perform its main obligations under the contract;
(2) Fails to complete the construction within the time period specified in the contract, and the construction remains incomplete within a reasonable time period after the employer issues a reminder;
(3) Has completed unqualified construction and refuses to repair; or
(4) Illegally transfers or unlawfully subcontracts the contracted construction project.
     第八條  承包人具有下列情形之一,發(fā)包人請求解除建設(shè)工程施工合同的,應(yīng)予支持:
    (一)明確表示或者以行為表明不履行合同主要義務(wù)的;
    (二)合同約定的期限內(nèi)沒有完工,且在發(fā)包人催告的合理期限內(nèi)仍未完工的;
    (三)已經(jīng)完成的建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量不合格,并拒絕修復(fù)的;
(四)將承包的建設(shè)工程非法轉(zhuǎn)包、違法分包的。
 
   Article 9    Where the contractor is rendered unable to engage in construction due to any of the following reasons, and the employer fails to comply with the corresponding obligations in a reasonable time period after a reminder is issued, the request of the contractor to terminate the project construction contract shall be upheld:
(1) The employer fails to pay the construction price as agreed;
(2) The employer provides primary construction materials, parts, and equipment that do not meet compulsory standards; and
(3) The employer fails to comply with the obligation to assist according to the contract.
     第九條  發(fā)包人具有下列情形之一,致使承包人無法施工,且在催告的合理期限內(nèi)仍未履行相應(yīng)義務(wù),承包人請求解除建設(shè)工程施工合同的,應(yīng)予支持:
    (一)未按約定支付工程價款的;
    (二)提供的主要建筑材料、建筑構(gòu)配件和設(shè)備不符合強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的;
(三)不履行合同約定的協(xié)助義務(wù)的。
 
   Article 10    After a project construction contract is terminated, the employer shall pay the construction price according to the contract for the completed constructions that pass quality inspection; if the completed construction fails to pass quality inspection, the matter shall be handled by referring to Article 3 hereof.
If the contract is terminated due to either party's breach thereof, the breaching party shall compensate the other party for the damage caused.
     第十條  建設(shè)工程施工合同解除后,已經(jīng)完成的建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量合格的,發(fā)包人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照約定支付相應(yīng)的工程價款;已經(jīng)完成的建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量不合格的,參照本解釋第三條規(guī)定處理。
因一方違約導(dǎo)致合同解除的,違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償因此而給對方造成的損失。
 
   Article 11     If construction fails to comply with the quality requirements as agreed due to the contractor's fault, and the contractor refuses to repair, rework, or modify, the request of the employer for reducing the construction price shall be upheld.
     第十一條  因承包人的過錯造成建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量不符合約定,承包人拒絕修理、返工或者改建,發(fā)包人請求減少支付工程價款的,應(yīng)予支持。
   Article 12     If any defect in the quality of the construction results due to any of the following reasons, the employer shall bear fault liability:
(1) The employer's design is defective;
(2) The construction material, parts, or equipment provided, or designated to be purchased by the employer do not comply with the compulsory standards;
(3) The employer designates subcontractors to subcontract professional projects directly.
If the contractor is at fault, it shall also be held liable accordingly.
     第十二條  發(fā)包人具有下列情形之一,造成建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量缺陷,應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)過錯責(zé)任:
    (一)提供的設(shè)計有缺陷;
    (二)提供或者指定購買的建筑材料、建筑構(gòu)配件、設(shè)備不符合強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn);
    (三)直接指定分包人分包專業(yè)工程。
承包人有過錯的,也應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的過錯責(zé)任。
 
   Article 13    If the employer puts into use, at its discretion, a construction project for which no completion inspection has been conducted, the claim made by the employer on the ground that the completed portion of the construction project fails to comply with the quality requirements as agreed shall not be upheld; however the contractor shall bear civil liability for the groundwork installation and the main body structural quality within the reasonable lifespan of the construction project.
     第十三條  建設(shè)工程未經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收,發(fā)包人擅自使用后,又以使用部分質(zhì)量不符合約定為由主張權(quán)利的,不予支持;但是承包人應(yīng)當(dāng)在建設(shè)工程的合理使用壽命內(nèi)對地基基礎(chǔ)工程和主體結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量承擔(dān)民事責(zé)任。
 
   Article 14    If the parties concerned have disputes regarding the actual completion date of the construction, the matter shall be handled accordingly as follows:
(1) If the construction passes completion inspection, the date on which it passes the inspection shall be the date of completion;
(2) If the contractor has submitted a completion inspection report, and the employer delays the inspection, the date of completion shall be the date on which the contractor submits the completion inspection report;
(3) If the employer puts into use, at its discretion, the construction project that has not been inspected for completion, the date on which the change of occupancy occurs shall be the date of completion.
     第十四條  當(dāng)事人對建設(shè)工程實(shí)際竣工日期有爭議的,按照以下情形分別處理:
    (一)建設(shè)工程經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收合格的,以竣工驗(yàn)收合格之日為竣工日期;
    (二)承包人已經(jīng)提交竣工驗(yàn)收報告,發(fā)包人拖延驗(yàn)收的,以承包人提交驗(yàn)收報告之日為竣工日期;
(三)建設(shè)工程未經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收,發(fā)包人擅自使用的,以轉(zhuǎn)移占有建設(shè)工程之日為竣工日期。
 
   Article 15    If, prior to the completion of the construction, the parties concerned have disputes concerning construction quality, and the construction quality is found to be satisfactory after an appraisal, the appraisal period shall postpone the time limit of the project accordingly.
     第十五條  建設(shè)工程竣工前,當(dāng)事人對工程質(zhì)量發(fā)生爭議,工程質(zhì)量經(jīng)鑒定合格的,鑒定期間為順延工期期間。
 
   Article 16    If the parties concerned have agreements upon the calculation rates or methods of the construction price, the construction price shall be settled as agreed.
If any alteration in design causes changes in construction workload or quality standards of the construction, and the parties concerned fail to arrange an agreeable solution, the construction price may be settled by referring to the calculation methods and standards issued by the local administrative authority for construction at the time when the contract was entered into.
If the project construction contract is valid, but the construction fails to pass completion inspection, the construction price shall be settled by referring to Article 3 hereof.
     第十六條  當(dāng)事人對建設(shè)工程的計價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或者計價方法有約定的,按照約定結(jié)算工程價款。
    因設(shè)計變更導(dǎo)致建設(shè)工程的工程量或者質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)生變化,當(dāng)事人對該部分工程價款不能協(xié)商一致的,可以參照簽訂建設(shè)工程施工合同時當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄔO(shè)行政主管部門發(fā)布的計價方法或者計價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)結(jié)算工程價款。
建設(shè)工程施工合同有效,但建設(shè)工程經(jīng)竣工驗(yàn)收不合格的,工程價款結(jié)算參照本解釋第三條規(guī)定處理。
 
   Article 17    If the parties concerned have agreements regarding the interest calculation methods of overdue payment of the construction price, the interest shall be calculated accordingly; in the absence of such agreements, the interest shall be calculated according to the interest rate of loans of the same type published by the People's Bank of China for the same period.
     第十七條  當(dāng)事人對欠付工程價款利息計付標(biāo)準(zhǔn)有約定的,按照約定處理;沒有約定的,按照中國人民銀行發(fā)布的同期同類貸款利率計息。
 
   Article 18    Interest shall be calculated from the date on which the construction price becomes due and payable. If the parties concerned fail to reach any agreement regarding the time of payment, or their agreement is not definite, the following dates shall be deemed as the time of payment:
(1) For the construction that has been actually delivered, the date of delivery shall be the time of payment.
(2) For the construction yet to be delivered, the date of the delivery of the completion and document shall be the time of payment.
(3) For the construction yet to be delivered, and where the construction price is yet to be settled, the date on which a party concerned institutes an action shall be the time of payment.
     第十八條  利息從應(yīng)付工程價款之日計付。當(dāng)事人對付款時間沒有約定或者約定不明的,下列時間視為應(yīng)付款時間:
    (一)建設(shè)工程已實(shí)際交付的,為交付之日;
    (二)建設(shè)工程沒有交付的,為提交竣工結(jié)算文件之日;
(三)建設(shè)工程未交付,工程價款也未結(jié)算的,為當(dāng)事人起訴之日。
 
   Article 19    If the parties concerned have disputes regarding the amount of the construction work, such amount shall be determined according the written recognition and acknowledgment and other written documents made during the construction. If the contractor can prove that the employer agrees to the construction, but fails to provide written recognition and acknowledgment supporting the occurrence of the construction work, the amount of construction work actually completed may be determined according to other types of evidence provided by the parties concerned.
     第十九條  當(dāng)事人對工程量有爭議的,按照施工過程中形成的簽證等書面文件確認(rèn)。承包人能夠證明發(fā)包人同意其施工,但未能提供簽證文件證明工程量發(fā)生的,可以按照當(dāng)事人提供的其他證據(jù)確認(rèn)實(shí)際發(fā)生的工程量。
 
   Article 20    If the parties concerned agree that the failure of the employer to respond within the agreed time period after receiving the completion and settlement document shall be deemed as accepting the completion and settlement document, such agreement shall be followed. The request of the contractor for payment of construction price according to the completion and settlement document shall be upheld.
     第二十條  當(dāng)事人約定,發(fā)包人收到竣工結(jié)算文件后,在約定期限內(nèi)不予答復(fù),視為認(rèn)可竣工結(jié)算文件的,按照約定處理。承包人請求按照竣工結(jié)算文件結(jié)算工程價款的,應(yīng)予支持。
 
   Article 21    If the construction contract executed separately by the parties concerned regarding the same construction project is substantially different from the winning bid contract submitted for record-filing, the winning bid contract submitted for record-filing shall be used as the basis of construction price settlement.
     第二十一條  當(dāng)事人就同一建設(shè)工程另行訂立的建設(shè)工程施工合同與經(jīng)過備案的中標(biāo)合同實(shí)質(zhì)性內(nèi)容不一致的,應(yīng)當(dāng)以備案的中標(biāo)合同作為結(jié)算工程價款的根據(jù)。
 
   Article 22    If the parties concerned agree upon a fixed price for construction price settlement, the request of a party for appraisal of the construction cost shall not be upheld.
     第二十二條  當(dāng)事人約定按照固定價結(jié)算工程價款,一方當(dāng)事人請求對建設(shè)工程造價進(jìn)行鑒定的,不予支持。
 
   Article 23    If the parties concerned have disputes over parts of the facts of the case, only the disputed facts shall be appraised and verified, unless the scope of the disputed facts cannot be specified, or both parties demand an appraisal of all facts of the case.
     第二十三條  當(dāng)事人對部分案件事實(shí)有爭議的,僅對有爭議的事實(shí)進(jìn)行鑒定,但爭議事實(shí)范圍不能確定,或者雙方當(dāng)事人請求對全部事實(shí)鑒定的除外。
 
   Article 24    In the case of a dispute over a project construction contract, the place where the construction is carried out shall be the place where the contract is performed.
     第二十四條  建設(shè)工程施工合同糾紛以施工行為地為合同履行地。
 
   Article 25    If disputes arise from the quality of construction, the employer may file an action against the general contractor, subcontractor, and actual constructor as co-defendants.
     第二十五條  因建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量發(fā)生爭議的,發(fā)包人可以以總承包人、分包人和實(shí)際施工人為共同被告提起訴訟。
 
   Article 26    If the actual constructor files an action against the party that transfers or unlawfully subcontracts the contracted construction project as defendant, the people's court shall accept the case according to the law.
If the actual constructor files an action against the employer, the people's court may add the party that transfers or unlawfully subcontracts the contracted construction project as a party to the case. The employer shall only be liable to the actual constructor regarding overdue payment of the construction price.
     第二十六條  實(shí)際施工人以轉(zhuǎn)包人、違法分包人為被告起訴的,人民法院應(yīng)當(dāng)依法受理。
實(shí)際施工人以發(fā)包人為被告主張權(quán)利的,人民法院可以追加轉(zhuǎn)包人或者違法分包人為本案當(dāng)事人。發(fā)包人只在欠付工程價款范圍內(nèi)對實(shí)際施工人承擔(dān)責(zé)任。
 
   Article 27    If the warrantor fails to fulfill its warranty obligation in a timely manner, causing damage to or destruction of the building, or other property damage, or personal injury, the warrantor shall be liable for compensation.
If both the warrantor and the building owner or the employer are at fault for the damage of or destruction to the building, they shall bear their respective liabilities.
     第二十七條  因保修人未及時履行保修義務(wù),導(dǎo)致建筑物毀損或者造成人身、財產(chǎn)損害的,保修人應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
 
    保修人與建筑物所有人或者發(fā)包人對建筑物毀損均有過錯的,各自承擔(dān)相應(yīng)的責(zé)任。
   Article 28    This Explanation shall take effect as of 1 January 2005.
This Explanation shall be applicable to the cases of first instance accepted after the effectiveness of this Explanation.
If any judicial explanation issued by the Supreme People's Court prior to the effectiveness of this Explanation is in conflict with this Explanation, this Explanation shall prevail.
     第二十八條  本解釋自二○○五年一月一日起施行。
    施行后受理的第一審案件適用本解釋。
    施行前最高人民法院發(fā)布的司法解釋與本解釋相抵觸的,以本解釋為準(zhǔn)。