各位朋友大家好，十一長假過去，很久沒有為大家更新新的外貿(mào)翻譯技巧了。今天，安徽譯博翻譯就為大家?guī)�來最新一期的英文外貿(mào)翻譯技巧。 1定語從句翻譯

定語從句是外貿(mào)英語中最常見的語句之一。定語從句通常分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩大類。限制性定語從句對所修飾的先行詞起限制作用,與先行詞關(guān)系密切。非限制性定語從句對先行詞不起限制作用,只對它加以敘述、描寫或解釋，并用逗號隔開。因此，針對不同類型的定語從句，要有靈活多樣的翻譯方法。

1.1限制性定語從句翻譯

限制性定語從句對所修飾的先行詞起限制作用，與先行詞關(guān)系密切，不用逗號，翻譯這類句子時往往可以用：

1.1.1前置法

把英語原文的定語從句翻譯成帶“的”的定語詞組，放置于修飾詞之前，將英語原文的復(fù)合句翻譯成漢語的簡單句，這種方法一般用于限制性定語從句比較短的情況下，一些較短的具有描述性的非限制性定語從句也可采用前置法，但沒有限制性定語從句使用得普遍。

例1 A person or a company who holds property on a lease is the leasee and those who holds a lease is leaser.

譯文：按租賃契約獲得的人或公司為承租人或租戶；而持有租約的一方為出租人或出租方。

 

例2 If you can see your way clear to meeting these figures we would be pleased to place with you an order that will carry us for the rest of this year.

譯文：如果你們能設(shè)法找出原因并使價格也達(dá)到這樣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我們就樂意向你們提出一項可以執(zhí)行到本底的訂貨。

 

例3 We should like to invite your Corporation to attend the 2000 International Fair that will be held from August 29 to September 4 at the above address.

譯文：在上述地址，我們想請貴公司參加于八月二十九日到九月四日的2000國際商品交易會。

 

例4 So we are in a good position to serve our customers with the most reliable quality of the line you suggested.

譯文：因此，關(guān)于你方建議的那類商品，我們完全有能力為我們的客戶供應(yīng)質(zhì)量最可靠的商品。

 

例5 Here are the brochures which you asked for.    譯文：這就是你要的小冊子。

1.1.2后置法

當(dāng)定語從句較長時，如果翻譯成前置的定語，就會不符合漢語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣，在這種情況下，往往把該定語從句翻譯成并列的分句，放置于原來修飾詞的后面�？梢宰g成中文并列句、偏正復(fù)合句或單獨句。

⑴并列句

在處理此類定語從句時，一般遵循的原則是：若保留先行詞，則在第二個分句中加以重復(fù)，若省略，則兩個并列分句中均不再保留。

例6 This is to introduce Mr. Frank Jones, our new marketing specialist who will be in London from April 5 to middle April on business.

譯文：茲向您介紹弗朗克瓊斯先生，他是我方剛來的負(fù)責(zé)市場營銷的專業(yè)人員，4月5日至4月在倫敦因公出差。

 

例7 Fifty-three million American households, either directly or indirectly, owned stocks in the corporations who share the trade on the major US exchanges.

譯文：5300萬美國家庭直接或間接地購買公司股票，這些公司在美國主要證券交易所做股票。

⑵偏正復(fù)合句

英語中有些限定性定語從句兼與狀語從句的職能，在邏輯上與主句有存在原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、條件等關(guān)系，翻譯時應(yīng)善于從英語原文的字里行間發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯上的關(guān)系，然后翻譯成漢語中相應(yīng)的偏正復(fù)合句。

例8 Our company invented a new method by which productivity is greatly increased.

譯文：我們公司發(fā)明了一種新方法，使得生產(chǎn)力大大提高。（結(jié)果狀語）

 

例9 A country that wishes to become a member of WTO is to send in its application before a working party is formed by WTO for examination of the specific conditions of the country.

譯文：一個國家若想成為世貿(mào)組織的成員，須呈遞申請，爾后由世貿(mào)組織組成一個工作小組來審查，該國的具體條件。（條件狀語）

 

例10 With regard to our appointment to visit your China’s factory on August 2,I regret that I must ask you to change the date to August 3 due to an unexpected matter that requires my personal attention.

譯文：原訂于8月2日訪問貴公司中國工廠的行程，因有突發(fā)事件必須親自處理，在此不得不懇請你將日期改至8月3日，實在抱歉。（原因狀語）

 

例11 Please confirm that you will be able to attend by advising us of you arrival time we can arrange for you to be met.

譯文：敬請來函確認(rèn)并告知抵達(dá)時間，以便為閣下安排會晤。（目的狀語）

 

例12 This offer is firm subject to your immediate reply which should reach us not later than the end of this month.

譯文：本報盤是實盤，條件是貴方及時答復(fù)，使我們本月底以前收到復(fù)函。（目的狀語）

⑶單獨句

如果定語從句較長并且語意完整，可以譯成中文單獨句。

例13 A request for a quotation of price and terms may need a little longer description which should be clear and exact, but here again, there is no need for long, over-polite phrases and still less for humbleness.

譯文：若要求提供報價和其他條款，則可能需要給予稍長一些的說明。這些說明應(yīng)當(dāng)清楚而準(zhǔn)確，但是要重申的是，不要用過分禮貌的詞句，更沒有必要表現(xiàn)出謙卑。

 

1.1.3融合法

融合法是指把原句中的主句和定語從句融合在一起譯成一個獨立句子的一種翻譯方法。由于限制性定語從句與主句關(guān)系緊密，所以融合法比較適用于翻譯限制性定語從句，英語中：”There be…” 結(jié)構(gòu)漢譯時往往就是這樣處理的。

例14 We shall be pleased to supply you with any information you may require concerning these products.

譯文：關(guān)于這些產(chǎn)品，我們愿向你們提供所需要的任何情況。

 

例15 We wonder whether there is any special reason why we have not received payment of the above account, already a month overdue.

譯文：此次，逾期一個月仍未收到貴方上述賬目的欠款，我們想知道是否在何特殊原因。

 

例16 This is a special arrangement we have made for European tourists and it has been proved highly popular.

譯文：我們已經(jīng)為歐洲的游客制定了一個特殊的安排，而且已經(jīng)證明是非常受歡迎的。

 

例17 Thank you for letting us know about your concern that our quotation for 1000 Folded Chairs you inquired last week is higher than the average market level.

譯文：貴公司擔(dān)心我方對你方上周詢盤的1000把折疊椅的報價高于市場平均價格，感謝告知。

 

1.2非限制性定語從句

由于非限制性定語從句與主句的關(guān)系比較松散，且中間由逗號分開，意義上與主句是相對獨立的，因此，非限制性定語從句的譯法主要是分譯法。

1.2.1譯成并列分句

例18 They are preparing to cover their requirements in a third country, where the prices are more competitive than those offered by you.

譯文：他們打算到第三國購進(jìn)基所需，那里的價格比你們的更優(yōu)惠。

 

例19 We have offered to purchase various equipments for your factory，which will increase its products, improve quality and raise its efficiency.

譯文：我方愿意為貴方工廠購買各種設(shè)備，以擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)，改進(jìn)質(zhì)量，提高效率。

 

例20 The seller shall get the signed B/L from forwarding agent, a copy of which will be sent to the buyer by airmail.

譯文：賣方應(yīng)向裝運代理領(lǐng)取簽署的提單，并將其中一份通過航空寄給買方。

 

例20 Another is called“Preference Stock”, which is adopted by part of corporations.

譯文：另一種叫“優(yōu)先股”，為部分公司所采用。

1.2.2譯成獨立句

例21 Large economic spaces involving key trading partners have emerged, which could contribute to trade liberalization as well as to the multilateral trading system.

譯文：由主要貿(mào)易伙伴參加的大型經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)現(xiàn)已形成。這將有助于貿(mào)易自由化和多邊貿(mào)易體系。

 

例22 This visit is a symbol of the good faith, with which we seek to build upon the strength of our friendship; our cultural and commercial ties, and our important strategic relationship.

譯文：這一訪問是一種誠意的象征。我們正是懷著這種誠意,力求加強(qiáng)我們之間的友誼，加強(qiáng)文化、貿(mào)易以及重要戰(zhàn)略關(guān)系。

1.2.3譯成相應(yīng)的漢語偏正復(fù)句

在外貿(mào)英語中有些非限定性定語從句在邏輯上與主句存在原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步、假設(shè)等關(guān)系，翻譯時應(yīng)善于從英語原文的字里行間發(fā)現(xiàn)這些邏輯上的關(guān)系，然后翻譯成漢語中相應(yīng)的偏正復(fù)合句。

①表因果

例22 The report indicates that the loss was due to the use of substandard bags， for which you, the supplier, are responsible.

譯文：該報告指出這次損失是由于使用不合標(biāo)的包裝袋，故應(yīng)有貴公司負(fù)責(zé)。

 

②表目的

例26 In office figures，lists and information are compiled，which tell the managers heeds of the business what is happening in their shops or factories.

譯文：在辦公室里，工作人員將各種數(shù)據(jù)，表格和信息加以匯編，以便讓經(jīng)理或主管人員了解他們的商店或工廠目前正在發(fā)生的情況。

③表讓步

例27 A commercial on TV, which is often considered as a trouble, is sometimes a help in the sales of products.

譯文：廣告雖然常被認(rèn)為是一種麻煩，但有時卻有助于產(chǎn)品的銷售。

例28 If you have any queries, please don’t trouble my assistant, Jane Simmons, who will be visiting you on Tuesday,6 December.

譯文：盡管我的助手簡 西蒙茲將在12月6日星期二前去拜訪你，如果你有什么問題，請不要麻煩她。

Exersise in or after class

Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.

⑴Moreover, he is expected to maintain the goodwill of current customers and attract new customers who he considers will make good credit risks.

⑵Successful credit men are blessed with imaginative insight that breaks through and transcends the mechanical limits of routine activities, but does not destroy their validity .

⑶I certify that no information has been concealed which is essential to a proper decision in this case, and that no misrepresentations have been made on this credit statement.

⑷We are glad to be of help, but ask you to ensure that the information we have given you is treated as strictly confidential.

⑸So we are in a good position to serve our customers with the most reliable quality of the line you suggested.

⑹You can, however, be sure that any advantage we receive in the way of manufacturing costs is always passed on to you in the form of lower prices.

⑺Subject to reasonable reservation the feeling that the customer is always right saves a good ideal of trouble.

⑻As far as your charges for air freight are concerned; we agreed to pay the extra costs which you invoiced.

⑼As you know, we operate in a highly competitive market in which we have been forced to our prices to the minimum.

⑽We wish to express our sincere apology for the mistake in the captioned L/C, which is mainly due to an unfortunate over sight.

⑾You must sense that point in your sales message at which the prospect's desire is strongest.

⑿I have been told that your Bureau of Research and Education has recently compiled a booklet on advertising that contains much helpful information upon this subject.

⒀Thanks for your email, which l only got yesterday.

⒁This is true with many wholesalers who believe it in the interest of effective customer relation to write a personal letter thanking one of their outlets for a generous order.

⒂You were recommended to our company by the Bank of China, New York Branch, which told us that you export Chinese textiles and cotton piece goods。

⒃High-value items such as electronic components may have sufficient margins to allow for expensive rapid transportation, which also offers less risk of theft.

⒄You will see the advantages of this arrangement; which will save you at least 15% on paper purchases in the coming year.

⒅It's gratifying to see the friendly spirit of cooperation that exists in our company.

⒆That's a matter over which we could exercise no control.

⒇The Acme Quality plan of Paint merchandising is the most complete sales-building and profit-increasing plan there is.

(21) I had an opportunity to see the well-illustrated catalogues you sent to us. and I am very interested in your electronic products. Now I have come to discuss with you the possibility of importing the goods

(22) Since your products fall within the scope our of our business activities, I can see there are a lot of business opportunities we can cooperate in the future.

(23) We are sorry to say that we can’t accept your price. We have some suppliers who can do better.

(24) As the only direct steamer which calls at our port only a month has just departed, the goods can only be shipped next month.

 

2 名詞從句翻譯

英語名詞從句包括主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句等。在外貿(mào)英語翻譯過程中，大多數(shù)名詞性從句可按原文的句序譯成對應(yīng)的漢語，但也還是一些其它處理方法。現(xiàn)分述如下：

2.1主語從句

①.以what, whatever, whoever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句翻譯時，一般可按原文順序翻譯。

例1 Whatever he saw and heard on his trip to China gave him a very deep impression.

譯文：中國之行的所見所聞給他留下深刻的印象。

 

例2 Whoever plans to do any carpentry will find mathematics a most useful tool.

譯文：凡是打算干木匠活的人都會發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)學(xué)是非常有用的工具。

 

例3 In fact, what we have done with Santana over the past few years and will do in the future coincides with the requirements of WTO.

譯文：事實上，“桑塔那”轎車的生產(chǎn)，我們過去幾年所做的以及在今后將要做的，都與國際貿(mào)易組織的要求相吻合。

 

例4 What we say here will not be long remembered. What we do here can change the world.

譯文：我們在這里講的話，人們很快就會遺忘。我們在這里所做的事卻能改變世界。

②.以“it”作形式主語所引出的真主語從句，翻譯時視情況可以提前，也可以不提前。

例5 From what you say it seems possible that some mistake has been made in the dispatch of the materials meant for you.

譯文：據(jù)你的來函所述，似乎我們在為你備貨發(fā)運時可能發(fā)生了一些差錯。

 

例6 It is China’s policy to enter into joint ventures with foreign enterprises or companies in order to expand international economic cooperation and technological exchange.

譯文：為了擴(kuò)大經(jīng)濟(jì)合作和技術(shù)交流，中國與外國公司或企業(yè)搞合資經(jīng)營，這是中國政策所允許的。

 

例7 It may well be that a buyer would wish to collect the goods at the seller’s premises under the terms EXW or to receive the goods alongside a ship under the trade terms FAS, but would like the seller to clear the goods for export.

譯文：按照EXW（工廠交貨）條件，買方希望在賣方地點受領(lǐng)貨物；或按照FAS（船邊交貨）條件，在船邊受領(lǐng)貨物，但愿意賣方為出口貨物結(jié)關(guān)。

 

例8 It has also been observed that in many countries it is difficult for a foreign company to obtain not only the import license, but also duty relieves.

譯文：另外還應(yīng)注意到，外國公司在許多國家不僅很難得到進(jìn)口許可證，而且也難獲得關(guān)稅減免。

 

2.2賓語從句

①用that, what, how等引起的賓語從句漢譯時一般不需改變它在原句中的順序。

例9 To be sure to get exactly what is being ordered, accuracy and clarity are essential.

譯文：為確保得到所訂的貨，（訂單內(nèi)容）準(zhǔn)確清楚至關(guān)重要。

 

例10 Please let us know what we can do to reestablish our relationship.

譯文：為重新恢復(fù)我們的關(guān)系，我們該如何做，望賜教。

 

例11 We very much regret that we shall not be able to accept your order for the Christmas packs of dates as supplied in previous years.

譯文：我們深感遺憾不能象往年那樣接受你方關(guān)于圣誕節(jié)罐裝棗的盯單。

 

例12 We, therefore, trust that you will look into the matter and let us know when the sugar can be expected.

譯文：我們相信你方會調(diào)查此事，并告知何時能收到這批糖。

 

例13 Please advise us how we can approach a reliable partner in your country.

譯文：請告知在貴國怎樣才能物色到可靠的合伙人。

 

例14 We understand from B/E Corporation of Kansas City that you are looking for a reliable firm with good connections in the textile trade to represent you in Brazilian.

譯文：據(jù)堪薩斯B/E公司函告，貴司正在物色一家在紡織業(yè)有廣泛聯(lián)系的可靠公司來擔(dān)任貴司在巴西利亞的代理。

②用it作形式賓語的句子，漢譯英時that引起的賓語從句一般可按原文順序，it不必譯出。

例15 We would, therefore, appreciate it very much if you could give us whatever information you can in this regard.

譯文：如能在這方面提供任何情況，將不勝感激。

 

例16 Since you have not cabled back, we take it for granted that you have already covered you requirements.

譯文：由于你未回電，我們當(dāng)然認(rèn)為你已購足所需。

 

例17 I deem it my good fortune that I am today back in Beijing within a span of three months to meet my friend Mr. Foreign Minister.

譯文：我很幸運三個月后的今天我又回到北京來會見我的朋友——外交部長先生。

 

例18 I wanted to make it clear whether he was a foreigner or not.

譯文：我想弄清楚他究竟是不是外國人。

 

2.3表語從句

英語表語從句跟賓語從句一樣，一般可按原文順序翻譯。

例19 This is what he is eager to do.  譯文：這就是他所渴望做的。

例20 That is why we have taken concrete steps and positive initiatives on the basis of shared sacrifices, to create a climate of peace in this region.

譯文：因此，我們在共同做出犧牲的基礎(chǔ)上，采取了具體的步驟和積極的行動，以便在這一地區(qū)創(chuàng)造和平的氣氛。

 

例21 My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.

譯文：我的意見是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)按原來的計劃辦事。

 

例22 Raw material is what we are badly in needs of. 譯文：我們急需的是原料。

2.4同位語從句

同位語是用來對名詞或代詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋，同位語可以是單詞、短語或從句。這里主要介紹同位語從句的譯法。

①同位語從句漢譯時不提前

例23 They give no indication that they are willing to accept your conditions.

譯文：他們沒有表示愿意接受你方的條件。

 

例24 There is much indication that the price will rise. 譯文：有很多跡象表明價格要上漲。

例25 He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.

譯文：他表示希望再到中國來訪問。

②同位語從句提前

例26 The fact that we are the largest suppliers of woollen underwear in this country is itself evidence of the good value of our products.

譯文：我們是本國羊毛衫的最大供貨商，這一事實本身就是對我方產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的極好證明。

 

例27 It does not alter the fact he is the man responsible for the delay.

譯文：遲延應(yīng)由他負(fù)責(zé)，這個事實是改變不了的。

Exersise in or after class

Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.

⑴Your embroideries sell very well in Europe. We are going to place an order. Please let us know what you can offer in this line as well as your sales terms, such as mode of payment, time of delivery, discount, the minimum order quantity, etc.

⑵You will reconsider your price and make a new bid, so that there can be a possibility of our meeting halfway to close a deal.

⑶We are confident that the fine quality of our products, especially the unique design of the packing will help you promote the sales of our products.

⑷We’ll make sure that the packing is seaworthy, but we can’t commit ourselves to being responsible for every kind of mishap.

⑸I’m sorry to say that we can\'t meet your requirements. The trouble is that there will be no shipping space next month.

⑹We feel it our duty to remind you once again that it is impossible to extend the L/C because of import license restriction.

⑺We are pleased to inform you that your bicycles have a ready market in our country and there is as steady demand for your product in our market. So we’d like to make an inquiry.  

⑻We believe through the cooperation between us, large transactions will be brought to speedy conclusion.

⑼One point I should add is that we’ll ship the goods duly, but your L/C must reach us 30 days before shipment.

⑽ Please take necessary precaution that the packing can protect the goods from dampness or rain (leaking，pilferage)．

⑾The price varies according to the quantity. So please tell us what quantity you require so that we can work out the offer.

⑿When making an enquiry, begin with the question or questions you want to ask; your reader then knows at once what your enquiry is about.

⒀We regret to note that you cannot make any headway with our offer.

⒁It is our hope that after knowing our sales ability, you will consider granting us the exclusive selling right for your portable cassette recorders.

 

3 狀語從句翻譯

英語狀語從句包括表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、目的等各種從句。由于英漢語言表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同，在詞序和句子結(jié)構(gòu)方面，均有許多差異。英語注重形合，大量使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，敘述順序比較靈活，狀語位置可前置，也可后置；而漢語注重意合，語序比較固定，一般是先說時間，后說地點；先發(fā)生的在前，后發(fā)生的在后；原因在前，結(jié)果在后；條件在前，事實在后。為了使譯文通順易懂，翻譯時可不必拘泥原文結(jié)構(gòu)形式譯介結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系。主要的是：要抓住它們所表達(dá)的語義，然后按照漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣再現(xiàn)出來。為了符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，可增添表示邏輯關(guān)系的漢語詞組或關(guān)聯(lián)詞。同時，也出于同樣的原因，可將原文中雖有，但在漢語譯文中成為贅余的詞組省略。

3.1.原因狀語從句

例1 Because every factory or business established in SEZs is new, imports of capital and consumer goods are exempted from customs duties.

譯文：由于在經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)區(qū)建立的工廠或企業(yè)是新的，所以進(jìn)口的生產(chǎn)資料或消費品均免征進(jìn)口稅。（狀語從句在原文和譯文中均前置，但漢語譯文中增加了“所以”二字）

 

例2 Developing countries may have comparative advantage in transferring technical services in service sector as such services normally do not require a high level of investment by the supplier.

譯文：發(fā)展中國家在轉(zhuǎn)讓技術(shù)服務(wù)方面可能有相對優(yōu)勢，因為供貨人一般不需要為這樣的服務(wù)提供高水準(zhǔn)的投資。（在這個句子中，狀語從句在原文和譯文中均后置，順序一致）

 

例3 Since their purchase from China is only a small part of their total sales, the cost of doing so is absorbed by the large profit margin of their own material.

譯文：由于他們從中國購進(jìn)的貨物在其銷售總額中所占比重微乎其微，這一部分的高成本已被他們出售自己商品所得的高額利潤所沖銷。（“由于”、“因為”是漢語中常常用來表“因”的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。一般說來，漢語表因的分句在表果分句之前，英語則比較靈活。）

3.2.時間狀語從句

例4 As soon as the new price-lists are ready, we shall be sending copies to all customers.

譯文：一俟新價格單印妥，我們就寄給所有的客戶。

 

例5 Since business relations between our two banks resumed two years ago, the letters of credit opened by either bank have so far been directed through a third bank.

譯文：自從二年前我們兩家銀行恢復(fù)業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系以來，各自開立的信用證一直由第三家銀行保兌。

從以上二個例句我們看到：兩例譯文表示時間的狀語置于句首，與原文一致。

3.3.讓步狀語從句

例6 Although not all published Chinese statistics tell the same story, there is no doubt that visible trade has built up a substantial surplus.

譯文：雖然中國公開發(fā)表的（關(guān)于無形貿(mào)易額）統(tǒng)計數(shù)字口徑并非一致，有形貿(mào)易已經(jīng)積累起可觀的盈余是不容置疑的。

 

例7 Even when a country has become an exporter of hardware technology, she will remain a net importer of software technology for a long time.

譯文：即使一個國家成了硬件技術(shù)的出口國，在很長一段時間內(nèi),這個國家仍將是軟件純進(jìn)口國。

 

例8 Now that we know each other well, we think there is no point to continue to open L/Cs through a third bank to add to the cost.

譯文：而今既然我們彼此已很了解，沒有必要繼續(xù)通過第三家銀行開出信用證而加大業(yè)務(wù)成本了。

從這些例句中可以看出：“雖然”、“盡管”、“即使”等是漢語中表示讓步的常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，漢語中表示讓步的分句一般前置的為多，英語中則比較靈活。

3.4條件（假設(shè)）狀語從句

例9  If only half of the remainder (say $11.5 billion of the total $23 billion) to be borrowed is raised from commercial sources it will still represent an annual average of $2.3 billion for each year of the five-year plan.

譯文：假如剩下的資金（比如說230億美元）一半（115億美元）是從商業(yè)渠道籌措的話，那仍意味著在五年計劃期間年平均籌措資金額為23億美元。

 

例10 If the negotiations between the rich northerly nations and the poor southerly nations make headway, it is intended that a ministerial session in December should be arranged.

譯文：要是北方富國和南方窮國的談判獲得進(jìn)展的話，就打算在12月份安排召開一次部長級會議。

 

例11 Please let us know if your clients find the quotation acceptable.

譯文：如客戶能接受報價，望見告。

 

3.5目的狀語從句

例12 But while we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.

譯文：但是，雖然我們不能彌合我們之間的鴻溝，我們卻能夠設(shè)法搭一座橋，以便我們能夠越過它進(jìn)行會談。

漢語里表“目的”的分句常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有“為了”、“省得”、“以免”、“以便”等。“為了”往往用于前置分句，“省得”、“以便”等一般用于后置分句。

Exersise in or after class

Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.

⑴The quality of our products is as good as that of many other suppliers, while our prices are not so high as theirs.

⑵If your price is competitive, quality superior and delivery acceptable, we will place large orders with you.

⑶As our stocks of these goods are limited, we would advise you to place your order without delay.

⑷I’m afraid that you’ll stand no chance if you don’t bring your price into line with the world market.

⑸I really can’t reduce my price to the level you require since it will leave us no margin.

⑹We shall be very much obliged if you will effect shipment as soon as possible，thus enabling them to catch the brisk demand at the start of the season．

⑺We shall be very glad to place our order with you if your quotation is competitive and delivery date acceptable.

⑻As a rule we do not allow any commission. But if the order is a sizable one, we’ll consider it.

⑼The prices of raw materials and produce change every day, so offers are usually only firm for about 24 hours.

⑽We’re shipping in two lots, because the buyer wants to get whatever we can supply as soon as possible.

 

4 被動句翻譯

被動句在外貿(mào)英語中的應(yīng)用也很廣。在外貿(mào)英語中廣泛使用的被動句翻譯方法有:

4.1譯為中文的定語

例1 We are well established as a manufacturer of Chemical Products and our goods are enjoying high Reputation for their excellent quality.

譯文：本公司是信譽(yù)良好的化學(xué)制品廠商,由于品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,產(chǎn)品深受好評。

 

例2 As it is specially stipulated in the contract，the relevant L／C should reach the seller 1 5 days before the month of shipment，that is，the L／C covering the goods to be shipped in M ay should reach the seller not later than April 15．

譯文：正如合同中具體規(guī)定的條款，有關(guān)信用證必須于裝運前15天寄達(dá)賣方，也就是說，5月份裝運的貨物，信用證必須不遲于4月15日寄達(dá)。

4.2 譯成漢語中的被動句

漢語中的被動句通常以“由”字句“受”字句等形式出現(xiàn)。

例3 Your name and address have been given to us by The China External Trade Development Council.

譯文：我方由外貿(mào)協(xié)會獲悉貴公司的名稱與地址。

 

例4 As for our credit standing we are permitted to mention The XYZBank,Beijing Branch.

譯文：至于我方信譽(yù)狀況,由我方舉出XYZ銀行北京分行之名。

4.3用施動者作主語，譯為主動句

有時英語中的被動句已給出了施動者,這時可以直接譯為主語；在沒有給出施動者的情況下,可以推測出施動者，然后譯為主動句。

例5 Your firm has been recommended to me by Citizen Co.0f Singapore, with whom we have done business for many years.

譯文：與敝公司有多年生意來往的新加坡Citizen公司,把貴公司推薦給我們。

 

例6 Large qualities of our chairs are being exported to the Middle East area at a price higher than that quoted in our letter of December5.

譯文：本公司以高于12月5日信中的價格,正外銷大量的座椅到中東地區(qū)。

4.4譯成表示被動意味的主動句

當(dāng)被動者是無生命的東西而主動者又不很明顯時，往往采用這種方法。

例7 All commercial papers went for collection must be accompanied by a remittance letter giving complete and precise instructions.

譯文：寄出托收的一切商業(yè)票據(jù)，必須附上一切托收函，上面要有完整而又確切的托收指示。

 

例8 If a letter of credit is not used by the beneficiary, it may be returned to the applicant for cancellation.

譯文：如果受益人沒有使用信用證，可以退還給開證人去注銷。

該句如果譯成“如果一個信用證沒有被受益人使用，它可以退還給開證人注銷”就非常別扭，不符合漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。

4.5譯成無主句

與英語相比,漢語是結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散的語言。在英語的書面正式語言中沒有主語的句子一般比較少見,而在漢語的正式語言中,無主句卻非常常用。因此在外貿(mào)英語中的被動語態(tài)有時可以譯為無主句。

例9 Your inquiry of September 10 regarding the above subject has been received.

譯文：已收到貴方9月10日有關(guān)上述主題的詢盤。

 

例10 You are requested to look into the matter and give us an early reply.

譯文：請你們查明此事并早日答復(fù)。（不必補(bǔ)出“我們”，否則句子顯得別扭）

 

例11 Four major stages in the product life cycle have been identified: introduction, growth, maturity and decline.

譯文：已經(jīng)確定，產(chǎn)品的生命周期可以劃分為四個階段：引進(jìn)市場階段、成長階段、成熟階段和衰退階段。

 

例12 Partial shipments are allowed, unless the credit specially states otherwise.

譯文：除非信用證另有特殊規(guī)定，才可以分批裝運。

 

例13 An irrevocable letter of credit may not be amended or cancelled without the consent of the beneficiary.

譯文：不可撤消信用證未經(jīng)受益人同意，不得任意修改或撤消。

4.6增加不確定的主語

在譯文中加上不確定的主語，如“有人”“我們”“希望”等，譯成主動句。

例14 In connection with the revision work within the ICC Working Party, suggestions were made to present the trade terms in another manner for the purpose of easier reading and understanding.

譯文：在國際商會修訂小組工作過程中，有人這樣建議，采用另一種方式表達(dá)貿(mào)易術(shù)語，使之更加易于閱讀和理解。

 

例15 It is hoped that these most favorable trends will persist in the future.

譯文：希望這些好的趨勢能夠在今后保持下去。

4.7 以it作形式主語的被動語態(tài)句型

以it作形式主語的被動語態(tài)句型，譯成漢語時，往往有其固定表達(dá)方式，如：

例16 It is rumoured that the accident was due to negligence.

譯文：據(jù)謠傳，那場事故是由于玩忽職守而造成的。

 

例17 It should be mentioned that the market situation is turning for the better.

譯文：應(yīng)該提及的是，市場情況正向好的方面轉(zhuǎn)化。

類似的習(xí)慣用法及常用譯法，還有：

It is considered (or: thought) that …人們（有人、大家）認(rèn)為……

It is generally (usually) accepted (or: agreed, recognized) that   普遍、通常認(rèn)為……

It is believed that …有人（人們、大家）相信……

It is well-known that …眾所周知（大家知道）……

It is said that …據(jù)說（有人說）……

It is learned that …據(jù)悉（聞）……

It is supposed that …據(jù)推測……

It is estimated ( predicted, calculated ) that …據(jù)估計（預(yù)計）……

It is reported that …據(jù)報導(dǎo)（報告）……

It must be pointed out that …必須指出……

It will (should) be admitted that …應(yīng)該（必須）承認(rèn)……

It will be seen that …可以看出（可見）……

It is will be seen from this that …由此可見……

It is understood that …不用說（誰都明白）……

It cannot be denied that …無可否認(rèn)……

It has been proved (or: demonstrated) that …業(yè)已證明……

It may be confirmed that …可以肯定……

It may be safely said that …可以有把握地說……

It is sometimes asked that …人們有時會問……

It is expected (hope) that…人們期望（希望）……

Exersise in or after class

Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.

⑴The ship was destined for London.

⑵All items for which we have quoted are made from very best quality leather.

⑶The business is confirmed verbally by your Business Manager Mr. Grant to our Sales Manager Miss Li a price of US$40 per ton.

⑷All payment for the supply of goods under the barter contract shall be settled through the clearing account.

⑸ Your firm has been recommended to us by Coventry Chamber of Commerce.

⑹A large sum of money has been put aside for that purpose.

⑺It should be mentioned that the market situation is turning for the better.

⑻I am very much impressed by the hospitality and warmth by which you have received us.

⑼We have only been in Beijing for ten days ,but we have already been impressed by the careful planning and organizing that have obviously gone into the meeting.

⑽The present Contract is signed by representatives of both parties .

⑾In case of quality discrepancy, claim should be filed by the buyers within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination.

⑿It is agreed that the parties have considered what would be a reasonable estimate of the damages each would suffer if the other were to breach this agreement.

⒀The offer will be canceled if we do not receive an order from you by sept.9th.2004.

⒁Some bills of lading are marked “freight paid”, when a shipper is selling CIF or C&F, others may allow transshipment, which means that the cargo may be transferred from one ship to another at some intermediate port.

⒂There is also the question of promotion of the new line, and whether advertising expenses should be paid by the selling agent or by the manufacturer.

⒃If a term draft is not honored at maturity, it will be noted and protested by a Notary Public, and represented to the drawee.

 

5否定句翻譯

由于英、漢語言中的否定概念使用的詞匯、語法手段以及語言邏輯方式存在一定的差異，這給外貿(mào)英語中否定句翻譯也就帶來相應(yīng)的困難。外貿(mào)英語中否定句的翻譯從以下幾個方面具體闡述：

5.1全部否定翻譯

在外貿(mào)英語中表示全部否定詞有：no,not,none,nothing,nowhere,neither, nor等，這些詞翻譯時照譯不變，只不過詞序需要調(diào)整。

例1 No chemical material is translated into production of such a product.

譯文：生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品不需要任何化學(xué)原料。

另外，not...half、not...nearly、not...possibly均表示強(qiáng)烈意味的完全否定，常譯為“一點也不”、“根本不……”、“無論如何也沒有……”、“遠(yuǎn)非”等。不能照字面誤解為半否定含義而誤譯為“不到一半”、“幾乎不”、“可能不……”等。

例2 The products imported from China are not half bad.

譯文：從中國進(jìn)口的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量很好。

 

例3 The damages to the machines are not nearly so bad as you think.

譯文：機(jī)械破損遠(yuǎn)不是像你所想的那么壞。

 

例4 Our proposal cannot possibly be taken into consideration and adopted.

譯文：我們的建議根本不會被考慮與采納。

5.2部分否定翻譯

含有總括意義的代詞、形容詞、副詞，如all, both, everyone, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, anywhere, everywhere, always, quite, entirely, wholly, altogether等與否定詞連用時，只否定一部分，稱為部分否定。一般譯為“……不全是……”、“不都是”、“并非全都是……”。不能按字面譯為“所有……都不是”等。

例5 Opportunities come to all, but all are not ready for them when they do come.

譯文：機(jī)會是均等的，人人都有。但是當(dāng)機(jī)會真的來臨時，并非人人都已做好準(zhǔn)備去接受它。

 

例6 Supersonic aircraft will not make all subsonic aircraft obsolete.

譯文：超音速飛機(jī)不會使所有亞音速飛機(jī)都淘汰。

5.3否定轉(zhuǎn)移翻譯

否定詞一般都具有一定的否定范圍。否定詞有時否定整個句子，有時否定句子的一部分，有時否定否定詞本身。

①not...to do...結(jié)構(gòu)

例7 They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest but to benefit man.

譯文：他們沒有進(jìn)行這種危險的實驗，不是為了圖私利，而是為了造福人類。

②not...because(of )...結(jié)構(gòu)

例8 We should not scamp our work because we are pressed for time or because we have our hands full.

譯文：我們可不能因為時間太緊或工作太忙就對工作馬馬虎虎。

③think, suppose, believe 等動詞的否定式

例9 They do not think that it is necessary to replace these cells.

譯文：他們認(rèn)為不必替換這些電池。

5.4暗含否定翻譯

在外貿(mào)英語中，為了特定的語用目的，表面上運用肯定的表達(dá)方式，但他們實際上卻又表達(dá)著一種否定的含義，我們權(quán)且稱之為“暗含否定”。主要有：

①在虛擬語氣中，有時省略掉主語，只用if引導(dǎo)假設(shè)條件句，實際上這在英語中是一種否定表示，翻譯時應(yīng)忠實于原意。

例10 I am sure！If this is our manners．譯文：我敢肯定，這的確不是我們公司的做法。

例11 He pretends to know her better than he would，if he were a close friend of hers．

譯文：他裝出一副對她深有了解的樣子，就像她是他的密友。（實際上他不是她的密友）

②比較級-er＋than…和more ＋原級＋than…將不同性質(zhì)的形容詞或副詞加以比較時，有“不如……”“毋寧……”的否定意義。

例12 He is braver than wise．譯文：他有勇無謀。

例13 She certainly knows better than to tackle such a problem by herself．

譯文：她很明白不能獨自去解決這個問題。

 

例14 He is wiser than to risk his money in that undertaking．

譯文：他不會蠢到投資那項事業(yè)的地步。

③.more＋than…can… 這樣的句型在翻譯時不可依照字面直譯，more than后面雖是肯定形式，實際意義卻是“達(dá)不到可能的程度”、“簡直不可能”等否定意義。

例15 The beauty of Hang Zhou is more than I can describe．

譯文：杭州的美麗非語言所能描繪。

有時，單獨使用more也表達(dá)一種否定意義。

例16 More imaginative might have done with what they had．

譯文：任何人都會干得比他們出色（他們干得不出色）。

④英語句意的否定含義，通過下面的形式也能表現(xiàn)出來，即：the last．．．＋定語從句（或to inf．），意為“最不可能的”、“極少可能的”、“最不合適的”。從句式上看是表示一種最高級的肯定，但其實意是否定的。

例17 He would be the last man to say such things． 譯文：他決不會說這種話。

例18 He is the last man for such a job．譯文：他最不配擔(dān)任這項工作。

例19 This is the last place where I expected to meet you．

譯文：我怎么也沒有想到在這里遇見你。

⑤far from ＋動名詞也可表示否定意義。這里的far已不再表示距離，而成為比喻用法，翻譯時漢語中要具有“遠(yuǎn)非……”、“決不……”的意思。

例20 He is far from being honest．譯文：他決非誠實之人。

例21 I"m far from blaming him．譯文：我決不是怪他。

例22 Your offer of June 6 is far from satisfaction．譯文：貴公司六月六日報盤還不夠滿意。

⑥英語中某些詞或詞組也可以用來表示否定，盡管在形式上是肯定的，可句意是否定的，所以翻譯時要考慮到這一點。如：副詞beyond，介詞except，動詞avoid，stop， hate，fail（及名詞failure）及一些短語free from ，free of，instead of，be out of等在句中的含義。

例23 Your request is beyond my power．譯文：你的請求我辦不到。

例24 His failure to observe the safety regulation resulted in an accident to the machine．

譯文：他沒有遵守安全規(guī)則，結(jié)果造成機(jī)器故障。

 

例25 You are free from any fault because of your carefulness.

譯文：因為你小心謹(jǐn)慎，你一點過錯也沒有。

 

例25 This style of dress is out of fashion．譯文：這種樣式的服裝已不時髦了。

5.5雙重否定翻譯

英語句中含有雙重否定時，在譯成漢語時，經(jīng)常運用視點轉(zhuǎn)移的技巧，處理成肯定句，使意思更加簡潔、明確。

例26 I don't think we have asked for anything that they haven't done.

譯文：我認(rèn)為我們所要求的事情，他們都已經(jīng)辦到了。（譯文運用否定的轉(zhuǎn)移，將句中的雙重否定譯作肯定。）

 

例27 We can’t make any profit without your coporation.

譯文：只有貴公司通力合作，我方才能有所收益。

Exersise in or after class

Try to translate the following sentences into Chinese.

⑴Both of the instruments are not precision ones

⑵This book is not instructive and interesting.

⑶He cannot speak English without making mistakes.

⑷The tool will fail to cut effectively as it becomes too worn.

⑸It is very important that a drawing be free from ambiguous and be subject only to a single interpretation.

⑹Before I could protest，he got to his feet.　

⑺I was past caring now，so I ordered coffee for myself and icecream and coffee for her.　

⑻It is a good goose that is always dropping.

⑼There is hardly an environment on earth to which some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully.

⑽His success is not so much by talent as by energy.

⑾None of these commodities are more competitive than our soybeans.

⑿Every machine here is not made in China.

⒀Without iron and steel we can’t develop heavy industry.

⒁Unless there is need, there is no exchange.

⒂There is no rule that has no exceptions.

⒃We shouldn’t be careless of consequences.

⒄We cannot be too careful in shipping the goods.

⒅Today we cannot walk a few steps without noticing advertising.

⒆We accepted neither offer in the end.

⒇With respect to quality, nothing can be said against.