Chapter XII Contract of Marine Insurance第十二章 海上保險(xiǎn)合同
Section 1Basic Principles第一節(jié) 一般規(guī)定
Article 216A contract of marine insurance is a contract whereby the insurer undertakes, as agreed, to indemnify the loss to the subject matter insured and the liability of the insured caused by perils covered by the insurance against the payment of an insurance premium by the insured.
The covered perils referred to in the preceding paragraph mean any maritime perils agreed upon between the insurer and the insured, including perils occurring in inland rivers or on land which is related to a maritime adventure.
第二百一十六條 海上保險(xiǎn)合同，是指保險(xiǎn)人按照約定，對(duì)被保險(xiǎn)人遭受保險(xiǎn)事故造成保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的損失和產(chǎn)生的責(zé)任負(fù)責(zé)賠償，而由被保險(xiǎn)人支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的合同。
前款所稱(chēng)保險(xiǎn)事故，是指保險(xiǎn)人與被保險(xiǎn)人約定的任何海上事故，包括與海上航行有關(guān)的發(fā)生于內(nèi)河或者陸上的事故。
 
Article 217A contract of marine insurance mainly includes:
(1) Name of the insurer;
(2) Name of the insured;
(3) Subject matter insured;
(4) Insured value;
(5) Insured amount;
(6) Perils insured against and perils excepted;
(7) Duration of insurance coverage;
(8) Insurance premium.
第二百一十七條 海上保險(xiǎn)合同的內(nèi)容，主要包括下列各項(xiàng)：
　　（一）保險(xiǎn)人名稱(chēng)；
　�。ǘ�）被保險(xiǎn)人名稱(chēng)；
　�。ㄈ�）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的；
　�。ㄋ模┍ｋU(xiǎn)價(jià)值；
　�。ㄎ澹┍ｋU(xiǎn)金額；
　�。�六）保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任和除外責(zé)任；
　　（七）保險(xiǎn)期間；
（八）保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
 
Article 218The following items may come under the subject matter of marine insurance:
(1) Ship;
(2) Cargo;
(3) Income from the operation of the ship including freight, charter hire and passenger's fare;
(4) Expected profit on cargo;
(5) Crew's wages and other remuneration;
(6) Liabilities to a third person;
(7) Other property which may sustain loss from a maritime peril and the liability and expenses arising therefrom.
The insurer may reinsure the insurance of the subject matter enumerated in the preceding paragraph. Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the origional insured shall not be entitled to the benefit of the reinsurance.
第二百一十八條 下列各項(xiàng)可以作為保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的：
　�。ㄒ唬┐�舶；
　�。ǘ�）貨物；
　�。ㄈ�）船舶營(yíng)運(yùn)收入，包括運(yùn)費(fèi)、租金、旅客票款；
　　（四）貨物預(yù)期利潤(rùn)；
　�。ㄎ澹┐瑔T工資和其他報(bào)酬；
　�。�六）對(duì)第三人的責(zé)任；
　�。ㄆ撸┯捎诎l(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故可能受到損失的其他財(cái)產(chǎn)和產(chǎn)生的責(zé)任、費(fèi)用。
保險(xiǎn)人可以將對(duì)前款保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的保險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行再保險(xiǎn)。除合同另有約定外，原被保險(xiǎn)人不得享有再保險(xiǎn)的利益。
 
Article 219The insurable value of the subject matter insured shall be agreed upon between the insurer and the insured.
Where no insurable value has been agreed upon between the insurer and the insured, the insurable value shall be calculated as follows:
(1) The insurable value of the ship shall be the value of the ship at the time when the insurance liability commences, being the total value of the ship's hull, machinery, equipment, fuel, stores, gear, provisions and fresh water on board as well as the insurance premium;
(2) The insurable value of the cargo shall be the aggregate of the invoice value of the cargo or the actual value of the non-trade commodity at the place of shipment, plus freight and insurance premium when the insurance liability commences;
(3) The insurable value of the freight shall be the aggregate of the total amount of freight payable to the carrier and the insurance premium when the insurance liability commences;
(4) The insurable value of other subject matter insured shall be the aggregate of the actual value of the subject matter insured and the insurance premium when the insurance liability commences.
第二百一十九條 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值由保險(xiǎn)人與被保險(xiǎn)人約定。
　　保險(xiǎn)人與被保險(xiǎn)人未約定保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的，保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值依照下列規(guī)定計(jì)算：
　�。ㄒ唬┐�舶的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值，是保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始時(shí)船舶的價(jià)值，包括船殼、機(jī)器、設(shè)備的價(jià)值，以及船上燃料、物料、索具、給養(yǎng)、淡水的價(jià)值和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的總和；
　　（二）貨物的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值，是保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始時(shí)貨物在起運(yùn)地的發(fā)票價(jià)格或者非貿(mào)易商品在起運(yùn)地的實(shí)際價(jià)值以及運(yùn)費(fèi)和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的總和；
　�。ㄈ�）運(yùn)費(fèi)的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值，是保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始時(shí)承運(yùn)人應(yīng)收運(yùn)費(fèi)總額和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的總和；
（四）其他保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值，是保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始時(shí)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的實(shí)際價(jià)值和報(bào)名費(fèi)的總和。
 
Article 220The insured amount shall be agreed upon between the insurer and the insured. The insured amount shall not exceed the insured value. Where the insured amount exceeds the insured value, the portion in excess shall be null and void.
第二百二十條 保險(xiǎn)金額由保險(xiǎn)人與被保險(xiǎn)人約定。保險(xiǎn)金額不得超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值；超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的，超過(guò)部分無(wú)效。
 
Section 2Conclusion, Termination and Assignment of Contract
第二節(jié) 合同的訂立、解除和轉(zhuǎn)讓
Article 221A contract of marine insurance comes into being after the insured puts forth a proposal for insurance and the insurer agrees to accept the proposal and the insurer and the insured agree on the terms and conditions of the insurance. The insurer shall issue to the insured an insurance policy or other certificate of insurance in time, and the contents of the contract shall be contained therein.
第二百二十一條 被保險(xiǎn)人提出保險(xiǎn)要求，經(jīng)保險(xiǎn)人同意承保，并就海上保險(xiǎn)合同的條款達(dá)成協(xié)議后，合同成立。保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向被保險(xiǎn)人簽發(fā)保險(xiǎn)單或者其他保險(xiǎn)單證，并在保險(xiǎn)單或者其他單證中載明當(dāng)事人雙方約定的合同內(nèi)容。
 
Article 222Before the contract is concluded, the insured shall truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances which the insured has knowledge of or ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice and which may have a bearing on the insurer in deciding the premium or whether be agrees to insure or not.
The insured need not inform the insurer of the facts which the insurer has known of or the insurer ought to have knowledge of in his ordinary business practice if about which the insurer made no inquiry.
第二百二十二條 合同訂立前，被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)將其知道的或者在通常業(yè)務(wù)中應(yīng)當(dāng)知道的有關(guān)影響保險(xiǎn)人據(jù)以確定保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率或者確定是否同意承擔(dān)的重要情況，如實(shí)告知保險(xiǎn)人。
保險(xiǎn)人知道或者在通常業(yè)務(wù)中應(yīng)當(dāng)知道的情況，保險(xiǎn)人沒(méi)有詢(xún)問(wèn)的，被保險(xiǎn)人無(wú)需告知。
 
Article 223Upon failure of the insured to truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances set forth in paragraph 1 of Article 222 of this Code due to his intentional act, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract without refunding the premium. The insurer shall not be liable for any loss arising from the perils insured against before the contract is terminated.
If, not due to the insured's intentional act, the insured did not truthfully inform the insurer of the material circumstances set out in paragraph 1 of Article 222 of this Code, the insurer has the right to terminate the contract or to demand a corresponding increase in the premium. In case the contract is terminated by the insurer, the insurer shall be liable for the loss arising from the perils insured against which occurred prior to the termination of the contract, except where the material circumstances uninformed or wrongly informed of have an impact on the occurrence of such perils.
第二百二十三條 由于被保險(xiǎn)人的故意，未將本法第二百二十二條第一款規(guī)定的重要情況如實(shí)告知保險(xiǎn)人的，保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)解除合同，并不退還保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。合同解除前發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故造成損失的，保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
不是由于被保險(xiǎn)人的故意，未將本法第二百二十二條第一款規(guī)定的重要情況如實(shí)告知保險(xiǎn)人的，保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)解除合同或者要求相應(yīng)增加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。保險(xiǎn)人解除合同的，對(duì)于合同解除前發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故造成的損失，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)賠償責(zé)任；但是，未告知或者錯(cuò)誤告知的重要情況對(duì)保險(xiǎn)事故的發(fā)生有影響的除外。
 
Article 224Where the insured was aware or ought to be aware that the subject matter insured had suffered a loss due to the incidence of a peril insured against when the contract was concluded, the insurer shall not be liable for indemnification but shall have the right to the premium. Where the insurer was aware or ought to be aware that the occurrence of a loss to the subject matter insured due to a peril insured against was impossible, the insured shall have the right to recover the premium paid.
第二百二十四條 訂立合同時(shí)，被保險(xiǎn)人已經(jīng)知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的已經(jīng)因發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故而遭受損失的，保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任，但是有權(quán)收取保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)；保險(xiǎn)人已經(jīng)知道或者應(yīng)當(dāng)知道保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的已經(jīng)不可能因發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故而遭受損失的，被保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)收回已經(jīng)支付的保險(xiǎn)單。
 
Article 225Where the insured concludes contracts with several insurers for the same subject matter insured and against the same risk, and the insured amount of the said subject matter insured thereby exceeds the insured value, then, unless otherwise agreed in the contract, the insured may demand indemnification from any of the insurers and the aggregate amount to be indemnified shall not exceed the loss value of the subject matter insured. The liability of each insurer shall be in proportion to that which the amount he insured bears to the total of the amounts insured by all insurers. Any insurer who has paid an indemnification in an amount greater than that for which he is liable, shall have the right of recourse against those who have not paid their indemnification in the amounts for which they are liable.
第二百二十五條 被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)同一保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的就同一保險(xiǎn)事故向幾個(gè)保險(xiǎn)人重復(fù)訂立合同，而使該保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的保險(xiǎn)金額總和超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的價(jià)值的，除合同另有約定外，被保險(xiǎn)人可以向任何保險(xiǎn)人提出賠償請(qǐng)求。被保險(xiǎn)人獲得的賠償金額總和不得超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的受損價(jià)值。各保險(xiǎn)人按照其承保的保險(xiǎn)金額同保險(xiǎn)金額總和的比例承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任，任何一個(gè)保險(xiǎn)人支付的賠償金額超過(guò)其應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)的賠償責(zé)任的，有權(quán)向未按照其應(yīng)當(dāng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任支付賠償金額的保險(xiǎn)人追償。
 
Article 226Prior to the commencement of the insurance liability, the insured may demand the termination of the insurance contract but shall pay the handling fees to the insurer, and the insurer shall refund the premium.
第二百二十六條 保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始前，被保險(xiǎn)人可以要求解除合同。但是應(yīng)當(dāng)向保險(xiǎn)人支付手續(xù)費(fèi)，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)退還保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
 
Article 227Unless otherwise agreed in the contract, neither the insurer nor the insured may terminate the contract after the commencement of the insurance liability.
Where the insurance contract provides that the contract may be terminated after the commencement of the liability, and the insured demands the termination of the contract, the insurer shall have the right to the premium payable from the day of the commencement of the insurance liability to the day of termination of the contract and refund the remaining portion. If it is the insurer who demands the termination of the contract, the unexpired premium from the day of the termination of the contract to the day of the expiration of the period of insurance shall be refunded to the insured.
第二百二十七條 除合同另有約定外，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始后，被保險(xiǎn)人和保險(xiǎn)人均不得解除合同。
根據(jù)合同約定在保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始后可以解除合同的，被保險(xiǎn)人要求解除合同，保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)收取自保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始之日起至合同解除之日止的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)，剩余部分予以退還；保險(xiǎn)人要求解除合同，應(yīng)當(dāng)將自合同解除之日起至保險(xiǎn)期間屆滿(mǎn)之日止的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)退還被保險(xiǎn)人。
 
Article 228Notwithstanding the stipulations in Article 227 of this Code, the insured may not demand termination of the contract for cargo insurance and voyage insurance on ship after the commencement of the insurance liability.
第二百二十八條 雖有本法第二百二十七條規(guī)定，貨物運(yùn)輸和船舶的航次保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任開(kāi)始后，被保險(xiǎn)人不得要求解除合同。
 
Article 229A contract of marine insurance for the carriage of goods by sea may be assigned by the insured by endorsement or otherwise, and the rights and obligations under the contract are assigned accordingly. The insured and the assignee shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of the premium if such premium remains unpaid up to the time of the assignment of the contract.
第二百二十九條 海上貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)合同可以由被保險(xiǎn)人背書(shū)或者以其他方式轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)�合同的�?quán)利、義務(wù)隨之轉(zhuǎn)移。合同轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)尚未支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)的，被保險(xiǎn)人和合同受讓人負(fù)連帶支付責(zé)任。
 
Article 230The consent of the insurer shall be obtained where the insurance contract is assigned in consequence of the transfer of the ownership of the ship insured. In the absence of such consent, the contract shall be terminated from the time of the transfer of the ownership of the ship. Where the transfer takes place during the voyage, the contract shall be terminated when the voyage ends.
Upon termination of the contract, the insurer shall refund the unexpired premium to the insured calculated from the day of the termination of the contract to the day of its expiration.
第二百三十條 因船舶轉(zhuǎn)讓而轉(zhuǎn)讓船舶保險(xiǎn)合同的，應(yīng)當(dāng)取得保險(xiǎn)人同意。未經(jīng)保險(xiǎn)人同意，船舶保險(xiǎn)合同從船舶轉(zhuǎn)讓時(shí)起解除；船舶轉(zhuǎn)讓發(fā)生在航次之中的，船舶保險(xiǎn)合同至航次終了時(shí)解除。
合同解除后，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)將自合同解除之日起至保險(xiǎn)期間屆滿(mǎn)之日止的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)退還被保險(xiǎn)人。
 
Article 231The insured may conclude an open cover with the insurer for the goods to be shipped or received in batches within a given period. The open cover shall be evidenced by an open policy to be issued by the insurer.
第二百三十一條 被保險(xiǎn)人在一定期間分批裝運(yùn)或者接受貨物的，可以與保險(xiǎn)人訂立預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)合同。預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)合同應(yīng)當(dāng)由保險(xiǎn)人簽發(fā)預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)單證加以確認(rèn)。
 
Article 232The insurer shall, at the request of the insured, issue insurance certificates separately for the cargo shipped in batches according to the open cover.
Where the contents of the insurance certificates issued by the insurer separately differ from those of the open policy, the insurance certificates issued separately shall prevail.
第二百三十二條 應(yīng)被保險(xiǎn)人要求，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)依據(jù)預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)合同分批裝運(yùn)的貨物分別簽發(fā)保險(xiǎn)單證。
保險(xiǎn)人分別簽發(fā)的保險(xiǎn)單證的內(nèi)容與預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)單證的內(nèi)容不一致的，以分別簽發(fā)的保險(xiǎn)單證為準(zhǔn)。
 
Article 233The insured shall notify the insurer immediately on learning that the cargo insured under the open cover has been shipped or has arrived. The items to be notified of shall include the name of the carrying ship, the voyage, the value of the cargo and the insured amount.
第二百三十三條 被保險(xiǎn)人知道經(jīng)預(yù)約保險(xiǎn)合同保險(xiǎn)的貨物已經(jīng)裝運(yùn)或者到達(dá)的情況時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即通知保險(xiǎn)人。通知的內(nèi)容包括裝運(yùn)貨物的船名、航線(xiàn)、貨物價(jià)值和保險(xiǎn)金額。
 
Section 3Obligation of the Insured第三節(jié) 被保險(xiǎn)人的義務(wù)
Article 234Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insured shall pay the premium immediately upon conclusion of the contract. The insurer may refuse to issue the insurance policy or other insurance certificate before the premium is paid by the insured.
第二百三十四條 除合同另有約定外，被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)在合同訂立后立即支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)；被保險(xiǎn)人支付保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)前，保險(xiǎn)人可以拒絕簽發(fā)保險(xiǎn)單證。
 
Article 235The insured shall notify the insurer in writing immediately where the insured has not complied with the warranties under the contract. The insurer may, upon receipt of the notice, terminate the contract or demand an amendment to the terms and conditions of the insurance coverage or an increase in the premium.
第二百三十五條 被保險(xiǎn)人違反合同約定的保證條款時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即書(shū)面通知保險(xiǎn)人。保險(xiǎn)人收到通知后，可以解除合同，也可以要求修改承保條件、增加保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)。
 
Article 236Upon the occurrence of the peril insured against, the insured shall notify the insurer immediately and shall take necessary and reasonable measures to avoid or minimize the loss. Where special instructions for the adoption of reasonable measures to avoid or minimize the loss are received from the insurer, the insured shall act according to such instructions.
The insurer shall not be liable for the extended loss caused by the insured's breach of the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
第二百三十六條 一旦保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生，被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)立即通知保險(xiǎn)人，并采取必要的合理措施，防止或者減少損失。被保險(xiǎn)人收到保險(xiǎn)人發(fā)出的有關(guān)采取防止或者減少損失的合理措施的特別通知的，應(yīng)當(dāng)按照保險(xiǎn)人通知的要求處理。
　　對(duì)于被保險(xiǎn)人違反前款規(guī)定所造成的擴(kuò)大的損失，保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
 
Section 4Liability of the Insurer第四節(jié) 保險(xiǎn)人的責(zé)任
Article 237The insurer shall indemnify the insured promptly after the loss from a peril insured against has occurred.
第二百三十七條 發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故造成損失后，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)及時(shí)向被保險(xiǎn)人支付保險(xiǎn)賠償．
 
Article 238The insurer's indemnification for the loss from the peril insured against shall be limited to the insured amount. Where the insured amount is lower than the insured value, the insurer shall indemnify in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value.
第二百三十八條 保險(xiǎn)人賠償保險(xiǎn)事故造成的損失，以保險(xiǎn)金額為限。保險(xiǎn)金額低于保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的，在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生部分損失時(shí)，保險(xiǎn)人按照保險(xiǎn)金額與保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的比例負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
 
Article 239The insurer shall be liable for the loss to the subject matter insured arising from several perils insured against during the period of the insurance even though the aggregate of the amounts of loss exceeds the insured amount. However, the insurer shall only be liable for the total loss where the total loss occurs after the partial loss which has not been repaired.
第二百三十九條 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的在保險(xiǎn)期間發(fā)生幾次保險(xiǎn)事故所造成的損失，即使損失金額的總和超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)金額，保險(xiǎn)人也應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償。但是，對(duì)發(fā)生部分損失后未經(jīng)修復(fù)又發(fā)生全部損失的，保險(xiǎn)人按照全部損失賠償。
 
Article 240The insurer shall pay, in addition to the indemnification to be paid with regard to the subject matter insured, the necessary and reasonable expenses incurred by the insured for avoiding or minimizing the loss recoverable under the contract, the reasonable expenses for survey and assessment of the value for the purpose of ascertaining the nature and extent of the peril insured against and the expenses incurred for acting on the special instructions of the insurer.
The payment by the insurer of the expenses referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to that equivalent to the insured amount.
Where the insured amount is lower than the insured value, the insurer shall be liable for the expenses referred to in this Article in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value, unless the contract provides otherwise.
第二百四十條 被保險(xiǎn)人為防止或者減少根據(jù)合同可以得到賠償?shù)膿p失而支出的必要的合理費(fèi)用，為確定保險(xiǎn)事故的性質(zhì)、程度而支出的檢驗(yàn)、估價(jià)的合理費(fèi)用，以及為執(zhí)行保險(xiǎn)人的特別通知而支出的費(fèi)用，應(yīng)當(dāng)由保險(xiǎn)人在保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的損失賠償之外另行支付。
　　保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)前款規(guī)定的費(fèi)用的支付，以相當(dāng)于保險(xiǎn)金額的數(shù)額為限。
保險(xiǎn)金額低于保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的，除合同另有約定外，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)按照保險(xiǎn)金額與保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的比例，支付本條規(guī)定的費(fèi)用。
 
Article 241Where the insured amount is lower than the value for contribution under the general average, the insurer shall be liable for the general average contribution in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the value for contribution.
第二百四十一條 保險(xiǎn)金額低于共同海損分?jǐn)們r(jià)值的，保險(xiǎn)人按照保險(xiǎn)金額同分?jǐn)們r(jià)值的比例賠償共同海損分?jǐn)偂?br />  
Article 242The insurer shall not be liable for the loss caused by the intentional act of the insured.
第二百四十二條 對(duì)于被保險(xiǎn)人故意造成的損失，保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
 
Article 243Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insurer shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the insured cargo arising from any of the following causes:
(1) Delay in the voyage or in the delivery of cargo or change of market price;
(2) Fair wear and tear, inherent vice or nature of the cargo;
(3) Improper packing.
第二百四十三條 除合同另有約定外，因下列原因之一造成貨物損失的，保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任：
　�。ㄒ唬┖叫羞t延、交貨遲延或者行市變化；
　�。ǘ�）貨物的自然損耗、本身的缺陷和自然特性；
（三）包裝不當(dāng)。
 
Article 244Unless otherwise agreed in the insurance contract, the insurer shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the insured ship arising from any of the following causes:
(1) Unseaworthiness of the ship at the time of the commencement of the voyage, unless where under a time policy the insured has no knowledge thereof;
(2) Wear and tear or corrosion of the ship.
The provisions of this Article shall apply mutatis mutandis to the insurance of freight.
第二百四十四條 除合同另有約定外，因下列原因之一造成保險(xiǎn)船舶損失的，保險(xiǎn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任：
　�。ㄒ唬┐�舶開(kāi)航時(shí)不適航，但是在船舶定期保險(xiǎn)中被保險(xiǎn)人不知道的除外；
　�。ǘ�）船舶自然磨損或者銹蝕。
　　運(yùn)費(fèi)保險(xiǎn)比照適用本條的規(guī)定。
 
Section 5Loss of or Damage to the Subject Matter Insured and Abandonment
第五節(jié) 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的損失和委付
Article 245Where after the occurrence of a peril insured against the subject matter insured is lost or is so seriously damaged that it is completely deprived of its original structure and usage or the insured is deprived of the possession thereof, it shall constitute an actual total loss.
第二百四十五條 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故后滅失，或者受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞完全失去原有形體、效用，或者不能再歸保險(xiǎn)人所擁有的，為實(shí)際全損。
 
Article 246Where a ship's total loss is considered to be unavoidable after the occurrence of a peril insured against or the expenses necessary for avoiding the occurrence of an actual total loss would exceed the insured value, it shall constitute a constructive total loss.
Where an actual total loss is considered to be unavoidable after the cargo has suffered a peril insured against, or the expenses to be incurred for avoiding the total actual loss plus that for forwarding the cargo to its destination would exceed its insured value, it shall constitute a constructive total loss.
第二百四十六條 船舶發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故后，認(rèn)為實(shí)際全損已經(jīng)不可避免，或者為避免發(fā)生實(shí)際全損所需支付的費(fèi)用超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的，為推定全損。
貨物發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故后，認(rèn)為實(shí)際全損已經(jīng)不可避免，或者為避免發(fā)生實(shí)際全損所需支付的費(fèi)用與繼續(xù)將貨物運(yùn)抵目的地的費(fèi)用之和超過(guò)保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的，為推定全損。
 
Article 247Any loss other than an actual total loss or a constructive total loss is a partial loss.
第二百四十七條 不屬于實(shí)際全損和推定全損的損失，為部分損失。
 
Article 248Where a ship fails to arrive at its destination within a reasonable time from the place where it was last heard of, unless the contract provides otherwise, if it remains unheard of upon the expiry of two months, it shall constitute missing. Such missing shall be deemed to be an actual total loss.
第二百四十八條 船舶在合理時(shí)間內(nèi)未從被獲知最后消息的地點(diǎn)抵達(dá)目的地，除合同另有約定外，滿(mǎn)兩個(gè)月后仍沒(méi)有獲知其消息的，為船舶失蹤。船舶失蹤視為實(shí)際全損。
 
Article 249Where the subject matter insured has become a constructive total loss and the insured demands indemnification from the insurer on the basis of a total loss, the subject matter insured shall be abandoned to the insurer. The insurer may accept the abandonment or choose not to, but shall inform the insured of his decision whether to accept the abandonment within a reasonable time.
The abandonment shall not be attached with any conditions. Once the abandonment is accepted by the insurer, it shall not be withdrawn.
第二百四十九條 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生推定全損，被保險(xiǎn)人要求保險(xiǎn)人按照全部損失賠償?shù)模瑧?yīng)當(dāng)向保險(xiǎn)人委付保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的。保險(xiǎn)人可以接受委付，也可以不接受委付，但是應(yīng)當(dāng)在合理的時(shí)間內(nèi)將接受委付或者不接受委付的決定通知被保險(xiǎn)人。
委付不得附帶任何條件。委付一經(jīng)保險(xiǎn)人接受，不得撤回。
 
Article 250Where the insurer has accepted the abandonment, all rights and obligations relating to the property abandoned are transferred to the insurer.
第二百五十條 保險(xiǎn)人接受委付的，被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)委付財(cái)產(chǎn)的全部權(quán)利和義務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移給保險(xiǎn)人。
 
Section 6Payment of Indemnity第六節(jié) 保險(xiǎn)賠償?shù)闹Ц?br /> Article 251After the occurrence of a peril insured against and before the payment of indemnity, the insurer may demand that the insured submit evidence and materials related to the ascertainment of the nature of the peril and the extent of the loss.
第二百五十一條 保險(xiǎn)事故發(fā)生后，保險(xiǎn)人向被保險(xiǎn)人支付保險(xiǎn)賠償前，可以要求被保險(xiǎn)人提供與確認(rèn)保險(xiǎn)事故性質(zhì)和損失程度有關(guān)的證明和資料。
 
Article 252Where the loss of or damage to the subject matter insured within the insurance converage is caused by a third person, the right of the insured to demand compensation from the third person shall be subrogated to the insurer from the time the indemnity is paid.
The insured shall furnish the insurer with necessary documents and information that should come to his knowledge and shall endeavour to assist the insurer in pursuing recovery from the third person.
第二百五十二條 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)的損失是由第三人造成的，被保險(xiǎn)人向第三人要求賠償?shù)臋?quán)利，自保險(xiǎn)人支付賠償之日起，相應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移給保險(xiǎn)人。
被保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)向保險(xiǎn)人提供必要的文件和其所需要知道的情況，并盡力協(xié)助保險(xiǎn)人向第三人追償。
 
Article 253Where the insured waives his right of claim against the third person without the consent of the insurer or the insurer is unable to exercise the right of recourse due to the fault of the insured, the insurer may make a corresponding reduction from the amount of indemnity.
第二百五十三條 被保險(xiǎn)人未經(jīng)保險(xiǎn)人同意放棄向第三人要求賠償?shù)臋?quán)利，或者由于過(guò)失致使保險(xiǎn)人不能行使追償權(quán)利的，保險(xiǎn)人可以相應(yīng)扣減保險(xiǎn)賠償。
 
Article 254In effecting payment of indemnity to the insured, the insurer may make a corresponding reduction therefrom of the amount already paid by a third person to the insured.
Where the compensation obtained by the insurer from the third person exceeds the amount of indemnity paid by the insurer, the part in excess shall be returned to the insured.
第二百五十四條 保險(xiǎn)人支付保險(xiǎn)賠償時(shí)，可以從應(yīng)支付的賠償額中相應(yīng)扣減被保險(xiǎn)人已經(jīng)從第三人取得的賠償。
保險(xiǎn)人從第三人取得的賠償，超過(guò)其支付的保險(xiǎn)賠償?shù)�，超過(guò)部分應(yīng)當(dāng)退還給被保險(xiǎn)人。
 
Article 255After the occurrence of a peril insured against, the insurer is entitled to waive his right to the subject matter insured and pay the insured the amount in full to relieve himself of the obligations under the contract.
In exercising the right prescribed in the preceding paragraph, the insurer shall notify the insured thereof within seven days from the day of the receipt of the notice from the insured regarding the indemnity. The insurer shall remain liable for the necessary and reasonable expenses paid by the insured for avoiding or minimizing the loss prior to his receipt of the said notice.
第二百五十五條 發(fā)生保險(xiǎn)事故后，保險(xiǎn)人有權(quán)放棄對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的權(quán)利，全額支付合同約定的保險(xiǎn)賠償，以解除對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的義務(wù)。
保險(xiǎn)人行使前款規(guī)定的權(quán)利，應(yīng)當(dāng)自收到被保險(xiǎn)人有關(guān)賠償損失的通知之日起的七日內(nèi)通知被保險(xiǎn)人；被保險(xiǎn)人在收到通知前，為避免或者減少損失而支付的必要的合理費(fèi)用，仍然應(yīng)當(dāng)由保險(xiǎn)人償還。
 
Article 256Except as stipulated in Article 255 of this Code, where a total loss occurs to the subject matter insured and the full insured amount is paid, the insurer shall acquire the full right to the subject matter insured. In the case of under-insurance, the insurer shall acquire the right to the subject matter insured in the proportion that the insured amount bears to the insured value.
第二百五十六條 除本法第二百五十五條的規(guī)定外，保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的發(fā)生全損，保險(xiǎn)人支付全部保險(xiǎn)金額的，取得對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的全部權(quán)利；但是，在不足額保險(xiǎn)的情況下，保險(xiǎn)人按照保險(xiǎn)金額與保險(xiǎn)價(jià)值的比例取得對(duì)保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的部分權(quán)利。