摘要： United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea 《鹿特丹規(guī)則》有關(guān)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度簡(jiǎn)析 2008年12月11日，聯(lián)合國(guó)第63屆大會(huì)第67次會(huì)議通過了聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)法會(huì)提交的《聯(lián)合國(guó)全程或部分海上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸
United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International
Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea
《鹿特丹規(guī)則》有關(guān)承運(yùn)人責(zé)任制度簡(jiǎn)析
2008年12月11日，聯(lián)合國(guó)第63屆大會(huì)第67次會(huì)議通過了聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)法會(huì)提交的《聯(lián)合國(guó)全程或部分海上國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸合同公約》（United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea）。此次會(huì)議授權(quán)2009年9月23日在荷蘭鹿特丹舉行新公約開放簽署儀式，因此該公約又被簡(jiǎn)稱為《鹿特丹規(guī)則》（The Rotterdam Rules）。截至2009年10月31日，已有20個(gè)國(guó)家簽署該公約。根據(jù)公約的規(guī)定，《鹿特丹規(guī)則》將在20個(gè)國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)或者加入一年后生效，目前尚沒有一個(gè)國(guó)家批準(zhǔn)或加入，該公約尚未生效。
聯(lián)合國(guó)貿(mào)法會(huì)制定該公約的目的主要是取代現(xiàn)行的三個(gè)國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約——1924年《海牙規(guī)則》、1968年《海牙-維斯比規(guī)則》和1978年《漢堡規(guī)則》，以實(shí)現(xiàn)海上貨物運(yùn)輸和包括海運(yùn)區(qū)段的國(guó)際貨物多式聯(lián)運(yùn)法律制度的國(guó)際統(tǒng)一。作為國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸立法的重大變革，《鹿特丹規(guī)則》正吸引著全球海事界的目光。為了解其將對(duì)航運(yùn)企業(yè)產(chǎn)生的重大影響。
目 錄
Chapter 1 General provisions 第1 章 總則
Article 1 Definitions 第1 條 定義
Article 2 Interpretation of this Convention 第2 條 本公約的解釋
Article 3 Form requirements 第3 條 形式要求
Article 4 Applicability of defences and limits of liability 第4 條 抗辯和賠償責(zé)任限制的適用
Chapter 2 Scope of application 第2 章 適用范圍
Article 5 General scope of application 第5 條 一般適用范圍
Article 6 Specific exclusions第6 條 特定除外情形
Article 7 Application to certain parties 第7 條 對(duì)某些當(dāng)事人的適用
Chapter 3 Electronic transport records 第3 章 電子運(yùn)輸記錄
Article 9 Procedures for use of negotiable electronic transport records
第9 條 可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的使用程序
Article 10 Replacement of negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record
第10 條 可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證或者可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的替換
Chapter 4 Obligations of the carrier 第4 章 承運(yùn)人的義務(wù)
Article 11 Carriage and delivery of the goods 第11 條 貨物的運(yùn)輸和交付
Article 12 Period of responsibility of the carrier 第12 條 承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期間
Article 13 Specific obligations 第13 條 具體義務(wù)
Article 14 Specific obligations applicable to the voyage by sea
第14 條 特別適用于海上航程的義務(wù)
Article 15 Goods that may become a danger 第15 條 可能形成危險(xiǎn)的貨物
Article 16 Sacrifice of the goods during the voyage by sea
第16 條 海上航程期間犧牲貨物
Chapter 5 Liability of the carrier for loss, damage or delay
第5 章 承運(yùn)人對(duì)滅失、損壞或者遲延所負(fù)的賠償責(zé)任
Article 17 Basis of liability 第17 條 賠償責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)
Article 18 Liability of the carrier for other persons 第18 條 承運(yùn)人為其他人負(fù)賠償責(zé)任
Article 19 Liability of maritime performing parties 第19 條 海運(yùn)履約方的賠償責(zé)任
Article 20 Joint and several liability 第20 條 連帶賠償責(zé)任
Article 21 Delay 第21 條 遲延
Article 22 Calculation of compensation 第22 條 賠償額的計(jì)算
Article 23 Notice in case of loss, damage or delay
第23 條 發(fā)生滅失、損壞或者遲延時(shí)的通知
Chapter 6 Additional provisions relating to particular stages of carriage
第6 章 有關(guān)特定運(yùn)輸階段的補(bǔ)充條款
Article 24 Deviation 第24 條 繞航
Article 25 Deck cargo on ships 第25 條 船舶上的艙面貨
Article 26 Carriage preceding or subsequent to sea carriage
第26 條 海上運(yùn)輸之前或者之后的運(yùn)輸
Chapter 7 Obligations of the shipper to the carrier 第7 章 托運(yùn)人向承運(yùn)人履行的義務(wù)
Article 27 Delivery for carriage 第27 條 交付運(yùn)輸
Article 28Cooperation of the shipper and the carrier in providing information and instructions
第28 條 托運(yùn)人與承運(yùn)人在提供信息和指示方面的合作
Article 29 Shipper’s obligation to provide information, instructions and documents
第29 條 托運(yùn)人提供信息、指示和文件的義務(wù)
Article 30 Basis of shipper’s liability to the carrier 第30 條 托運(yùn)人對(duì)承運(yùn)人賠償責(zé)任的基礎(chǔ)
Article 31 Information for compilation of contract particulars
第31 條 擬定合同事項(xiàng)所需要的信息
Article 32 Special rules on dangerous goods 第32 條 危險(xiǎn)貨物特別規(guī)則
Article 33 Assumption of shipper’s rights and obligations by the documentary shipper
第33 條 單證托運(yùn)人享有托運(yùn)人的權(quán)利并承擔(dān)其義務(wù)
Article 34 Liability of the shipper for other persons 第34 條 托運(yùn)人為其他人負(fù)賠償責(zé)任
Chapter 8 Transport documents and electronic transport records
第8 章 運(yùn)輸單證和電子運(yùn)輸記錄
Article 35 Issuance of the transport document or the electronic transport record
第35 條 運(yùn)輸單證或者電子運(yùn)輸記錄的簽發(fā)
Article 36 Contract particulars第36 條 合同事項(xiàng)
Article 37 Identity of the carrier 第37 條 承運(yùn)人的識(shí)別
Article 38 Signature 第38 條 簽名
Article 39 Deficiencies in the contract particulars第39 條 合同事項(xiàng)不完備
Article 40 Qualifying the information relating to the goods in the contract particulars
第40 條 對(duì)合同事項(xiàng)中貨物相關(guān)信息作出保留
Article 41 Evidentiary effect of the contract particulars 第41 條 合同事項(xiàng)的證據(jù)效力
Article 42“Freight prepaid” 第42 條 “預(yù)付運(yùn)費(fèi)”
Chapter 9 Delivery of the goods第9 章 貨物交付
Article 43 Obligation to accept delivery 第43 條 接受交貨的義務(wù)
Article 44Obligation to acknowledge receipt第44 條 確認(rèn)收到的義務(wù)
Article 46Delivery when a non-negotiable transport document that requires surrender is issued
第46 條 簽發(fā)必須提交的不可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證時(shí)的交付
Article 47 Delivery when a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued
第47 條 簽發(fā)可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證或者可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄時(shí)的交付
Article 48 Goods remaining undelivered 第48 條 貨物仍未交付
Article 49 Retention of goods 第49 條 貨物留置
Chapter 10 Rights of the controlling party 第10 章 控制方的權(quán)利
Article 50 Exercise and extent of right of control 第50 條 控制權(quán)的行使和范圍
Article 51 Identity of the controlling party and transfer of the right of control
第51 條 控制方的識(shí)別和控制權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓
Article 52 Carrier’s execution of instructions 第52 條 承運(yùn)人執(zhí)行指示
Article 53 Deemed delivery 第53 條 視為交貨
Article 54 Variations to the contract of carriage 第54 條 運(yùn)輸合同的變更
Article 55 Providing additional information, instructions or documents to carrier
第55 條 向承運(yùn)人提供補(bǔ)充信息、指示或者文件
Article 56 Variation by agreement 第56 條 協(xié)議變更
Chapter 11 Transfer of rights 第11 章 權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓
Article 57 When a negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record is issued
第57 條 簽發(fā)可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證或者可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄時(shí)的權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓
Article 58 Liability of holder 第58 條 持有人的賠償責(zé)任
Chapter 12 Limits of liability 第12 章 賠償責(zé)任限額
Article 59Limits of liability 第59 條 賠償責(zé)任限額
Article 60 Limits of liability for loss caused by delay 第60 條 遲延造成損失的賠償責(zé)任限額
Article 61 Loss of the benefit of limitation of liability 第61 條 賠償責(zé)任限制權(quán)的喪失
Chapter 13 Time for suit 第13 章 時(shí)效
Article 62 Period of time for suit 第62 條 時(shí)效期間
Article 63 Extension of time for suit 第63 條 時(shí)效的延長(zhǎng)
Article 64 Action for indemnity 第64 條 追償訴訟
Article 65 Actions against the person identified as the carrier
第65 條 對(duì)被識(shí)別為承運(yùn)人的人的訴訟
Chapter 14 Jurisdiction 第14 章 管轄權(quán)
Article 66 Actions against the carrier 第66 條 對(duì)承運(yùn)人的訴訟
Article 67 Choice of court agreements 第67 條 法院選擇協(xié)議
Article 68Actions against the maritime performing party 第68 條 對(duì)海運(yùn)履約方的訴訟 Article 69 No additional bases of jurisdiction 第69 條 不另增管轄權(quán)地
Article 70 Arrest and provisional or protective measures
第70 條 扣留以及臨時(shí)措施或者保全措施
Article 71 Consolidation and removal of actions 第71 條 訴訟合并和移轉(zhuǎn)
Article 72Agreement after a dispute has arisen and jurisdiction when the defendant has entered an appearance
第72 條 爭(zhēng)議產(chǎn)生后的協(xié)議和被告應(yīng)訴時(shí)的管轄權(quán)
Article 73 Recognition and enforcement 第73 條 承認(rèn)和執(zhí)行
Article 74 Application of chapter 14 第74 條 第14 章的適用
Article 76Arbitration agreement in non-liner transportation
第76 條 非班輪運(yùn)輸中的仲裁協(xié)議
Article 77Agreement to arbitrate after a dispute has arisen
第77 條 爭(zhēng)議產(chǎn)生后的仲裁協(xié)議
Article 78 Application of chapter 15 第78 條 第15 章的適用
Article 79 General provisions 第79 條 一般規(guī)定
Article 80 Special rules for volume contracts 第80 條 批量合同特別規(guī)則
Article 81 Special rules for live animals and certain other goods
第81 條 活動(dòng)物和某些其他貨物特別規(guī)則
Chapter 17 Matters not governed by this Convention
第17 章 本公約不管轄的事項(xiàng)
Article 82 International conventions governing the carriage of goods by other modes of transport
第82 條 管轄其他運(yùn)輸方式貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)膰?guó)際公約
Article 83 Global limitation of liability 第83 條 賠償責(zé)任總限制
Article 84General average 第84 條 共同海損
Article 85 Passengers and luggage 第85 條 旅客和行李
Article 86 Damage caused by nuclear incident 第86 條 核事故造成的損害
Chapter 18 Final clauses第18 章 最后條款
Article 87 Depositary 第87 條 保存人
Article 88 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession
第88 條 簽署、批準(zhǔn)、接受、核準(zhǔn)或者加入
Article 89 Denunciation of other conventions 第89 條 退出其他公約
Article 90 Reservations 第90 條 保留
Article 91 Procedure and effect of declarations 第91 條 聲明的程序和效力
Article 92 Effect in domestic territorial units第92 條 對(duì)本國(guó)領(lǐng)土單位的效力
Article 93 Participation by regional economic integration organizations
第93 條 區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化組織的參與
Article 94 Entry into force 第94 條 生效
Article 95 Revision and amendment 第95 條 修訂和修正
Article 96 Denunciation of this Convention 第96 條 退出本公約
The States Parties to this Convention, Reaffirming their belief that international trade on the basis of equality and mutual benefit is an important element in promoting friendly relations among States, Convinced that the progressive harmonization and unification of international trade law, in reducing or removing legal obstacles to the flow of international trade, significantly contributes to universal economic cooperation among all States on a basis of equality, equity and common interest, and to the well-being of all peoples, Recognizing the significant contribution of the International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules of Law relating to Bills of Lading, signed in Brussels on 25 August 1924, and its Protocols, and of the United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, signed in Hamburg on 31 March 1978, to the harmonization of the law governing the carriage of goods by sea, Mindful of the technological and commercial developments that have taken place since the adoption of those conventions and of the need to consolidate and modernize them, Noting that shippers and carriers do not have the benefit of a binding universal regime to support the operation of contracts of maritime carriage involving other modes of transport, Believing that the adoption of uniform rules to govern international contracts of carriage wholly or partly by sea will promote legal certainty, improve the efficiency of international carriage of goods and facilitate new access opportunities for previously remote parties and markets, thus playing a fundamental role in promoting trade and economic development, both domestically and internationally, Have agreed as follows:
本公約締約國(guó)，重申相信在平等互利基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展國(guó)際貿(mào)易是促進(jìn)各國(guó)之間友好關(guān)系的一個(gè)重要因素，深信通過逐步協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一國(guó)際貿(mào)易法，減少、消除國(guó)際貿(mào)易流通法律障礙，將大大促進(jìn)所有國(guó)家在平等、公平和共同利益基礎(chǔ)上的普遍經(jīng)濟(jì)合作，造福于各國(guó)人民，承認(rèn)1924 年8 月25 日在布魯塞爾簽署的《統(tǒng)一提單若干法律規(guī)則國(guó)際公約》及其各項(xiàng)議定書以及1978 年3 月31 日在漢堡簽署的《聯(lián)合國(guó)海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約》對(duì)協(xié)調(diào)海上貨物運(yùn)輸法律的顯著貢獻(xiàn)，考慮到自兩項(xiàng)公約通過以來的技術(shù)和商業(yè)發(fā)展以及對(duì)兩項(xiàng)公約進(jìn)行整合和更新的必要性，注意到托運(yùn)人和承運(yùn)人無法利用一個(gè)普遍、有約束力的制度，為涉及其他運(yùn)輸方式的海上運(yùn)輸合同的運(yùn)作提供支助，認(rèn)為采用統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，對(duì)全程或部分海上國(guó)際運(yùn)輸合同進(jìn)行規(guī)范，將增進(jìn)法律確定性，提高國(guó)際貨物運(yùn)輸效率，便利過去相距遙遠(yuǎn)的當(dāng)事人和市場(chǎng)獲得新的準(zhǔn)入機(jī)會(huì)，從而對(duì)促進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展發(fā)揮極其重要作用，茲商定如下：
1. “Contract of carriage” means a contract in which a carrier, against the payment of freight, undertakes to carry goods from one place to another. The contract shall provide for carriage by sea and may provide for carriage by other modes of transport in addition to the sea carriage.
“運(yùn)輸合同”是指承運(yùn)人收取運(yùn)費(fèi)，承諾將貨物從一地運(yùn)至另一地的合同。此種合同應(yīng)當(dāng)就海上運(yùn)輸作出約定，且可以對(duì)海上運(yùn)輸以外的其他運(yùn)輸方式作出約定。
2. “Volume contract” means a contract of carriage that provides for the carriage of a specified quantity of goods in a series of shipments during an agreed period of time. The specification of the quantity may include a minimum, a maximum or a certain range.
“批量合同”是指在約定期間內(nèi)分批裝運(yùn)約定總量貨物的運(yùn)輸合同。貨物總量可以是最低數(shù)量、最高數(shù)量或者一定范圍的數(shù)量。
3. “Liner transportation” means a transportation service that is offered to the public through publication or similar means and includes transportation by ships operating on a regular schedule between specified ports in accordance with publicly available timetables of sailing dates.
“班輪運(yùn)輸”是指通過公告或者類似方式向公眾提供的，按照公布船期表使用船舶在特定港口之間定期運(yùn)營(yíng)的運(yùn)輸服務(wù)。
4. “Non-liner transportation” means any transportation that is not liner transportation.
“非班輪運(yùn)輸”是指不屬于班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏芜\(yùn)輸。
5. “Carrier” means a person that enters into a contract of carriage with a shipper.
. “承運(yùn)人”是指與托運(yùn)人訂立運(yùn)輸合同的人。
6. (a) “Performing party” means a person other than the carrier that performs or undertakes to perform any of the carrier’s obligations under a contract of carriage with respect to the receipt, loading, handling, stowage, carriage, care, unloading or delivery of the goods, to the extent that such person acts, either directly or indirectly, at the carrier’s request or under the carrier’s supervision or control.
“履約方”是指承運(yùn)人以外的，履行或者承諾履行承運(yùn)人在運(yùn)輸合同下有關(guān)貨物接收、裝載、操作、積載、運(yùn)輸、照料、卸載或者交付的任何義務(wù)的人，以該人直接或者間接在承運(yùn)人的要求、監(jiān)督或者控制下行事為限。
(b) “Performing party” does not include any person that is retained, directly or indirectly, by a shipper, by a documentary shipper, by the controlling party or by the consignee instead of by the carrier.
“履約方”不包括不由承運(yùn)人，而由托運(yùn)人、單證托運(yùn)人、控制方或者收貨人直接或者間接委托的任何人。
7. “Maritime performing party” means a performing party to the extent that it performs or undertakes to perform any of the carrier’s obligations during the period between the arrival of the goods at the port of loading of a ship and their departure from the port of discharge of a ship. An inland carrier is a maritime performing party only if it performs or undertakes to perform its services exclusively within a port area.
“海運(yùn)履約方”是指凡在貨物到達(dá)船舶裝貨港至貨物離開船舶卸貨港期間履行或者承諾履行承運(yùn)人任何義務(wù)的履約方。內(nèi)陸承運(yùn)人僅在履行或者承諾履行其完全在港區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的服務(wù)時(shí)方為海運(yùn)履約方。
8. “Shipper” means a person that enters into a contract of carriage with a carrier.
“托運(yùn)人”是指與承運(yùn)人訂立運(yùn)輸合同的人。
9. “Documentary shipper” means a person, other than the shipper, that accepts to be named as “shipper” in the transport document or electronic transport record.
“單證托運(yùn)人”是指托運(yùn)人以外的，同意在運(yùn)輸單證或者電子運(yùn)輸記錄中記名為“托運(yùn)人”的人。
10. “Holder” means: “持有人”是指：
(a) A person that is in possession of a negotiable transport document; and (i) if the document is an order document, is identified in it as the shipper or the consignee, or is the person to which the document is duly endorsed; or (ii) if the document is a blank endorsed order document or bearer document, is the bearer thereof; or
可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證的占有人；并且(i) 單證為指示單證的，該單證所載明的托運(yùn)人或者收貨人，或者該單證的正式被背書人；或者(ii) 單證為空白背書的指示單證或者不記名單證的，該單證的持單人；或者
(b) The person to which a negotiable electronic transport record has been issued or transferred in accordance with the procedures referred to in article 9, paragraph 1.
根據(jù)第9 條第1 款述及的程序，可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的被簽發(fā)人或者受讓人。
11. “Consignee” means a person entitled to delivery of the goods under a contract of carriage or a transport document or electronic transport record.
“收貨人”是指根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同或者根據(jù)運(yùn)輸單證或者電子運(yùn)輸記錄有提貨權(quán)的人。
12. “Right of control” of the goods means the right under the contract of carriage to give the carrier instructions in respect of the goods in accordance with chapter 10.
貨物“控制權(quán)”是指根據(jù)第10 章在運(yùn)輸合同下向承運(yùn)人發(fā)出有關(guān)貨物的指示的權(quán)利。
13. “Controlling party” means the person that pursuant to article 51 is entitled to exercise the right of control.
“控制方”是指根據(jù)第51 條有權(quán)行使控制權(quán)的人。
14. “Transport document” means a document issued under a contract of carriage by the carrier that: (a) Evidences the carrier’s or a performing party’s receipt of goods under a contract of carriage; and (b) Evidences or contains a contract of carriage.
“運(yùn)輸單證”是指承運(yùn)人在運(yùn)輸合同下簽發(fā)的單證，該單證：
(a) 證明承運(yùn)人或者履約方收到了運(yùn)輸合同下的貨物；并且
(b) 證明或者包含一項(xiàng)運(yùn)輸合同。
15. “Negotiable transport document” means a transport document that indicates, by wording such as “to order” or “negotiable” or other appropriate wording recognized as having the same effect by the law applicable to the document, that the goods have been consigned to the order of the shipper, to the order of the consignee, or to bearer, and is not explicitly stated as being “nonnegotiable” or “not negotiable”.
“可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證”是指通過“憑指示”或者“可轉(zhuǎn)讓”之類的措詞，或者通過該單證所適用的法律承認(rèn)具有同等效力的其他適當(dāng)措詞，表明貨物已交運(yùn)且應(yīng)按照托運(yùn)人的指示或者收貨人的指示交付，或者應(yīng)交付給持單人，且未明確聲明其為“不可轉(zhuǎn)讓”或者“不得轉(zhuǎn)讓”的運(yùn)輸單證。
16. “Non-negotiable transport document” means a transport document that is not a negotiable transport document.
“不可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證”是指不是可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證的運(yùn)輸單證。
17. “Electronic communication” means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, optical, digital or similar means with the result that the information communicated is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference.
“電子通信”是指以電子、光學(xué)、數(shù)字或者類似方式生成、發(fā)送、接收或者存儲(chǔ)信息，因而可以獲取通信內(nèi)容，供此后援引使用。
18. “Electronic transport record” means information in one or more messages issued by electronic communication under a contract of carriage by a carrier, including information logically associated with the electronic transport record by attachments or otherwise linked to the electronic transport record contemporaneously with or subsequent to its issue by the carrier, so as to become part of the electronic transport record, that:
“電子運(yùn)輸記錄”是指承運(yùn)人在運(yùn)輸合同下以電子通信方式發(fā)出的一條或者數(shù)條電文中的信息，包括作為附件與電子運(yùn)輸記錄有著邏輯聯(lián)系，或者在承運(yùn)人簽發(fā)電子運(yùn)輸記錄的同時(shí)或者之后以其他方式與之鏈接，從而成為電子運(yùn)輸記錄一部分的信息，該信息：
(a) Evidences the carrier’s or a performing party’s receipt of goods under a contract of carriage; and (b) Evidences or contains a contract of carriage.
(a) 證明承運(yùn)人或者履約方收到了運(yùn)輸合同下的貨物；并且 (b) 證明或者包含一項(xiàng)運(yùn)輸合同。
19. “Negotiable electronic transport record” means an electronic transport record:
. “可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄”是指一種電子運(yùn)輸記錄：
(a) That indicates, by wording such as “to order”, or “negotiable”, or other appropriate wording recognized as having the same effect by the law applicable to the record, that the goods have been consigned to the order of the shipper or to the order of the consignee, and is not explicitly stated as being “non-negotiable” or “not negotiable”; and (b) The use of which meets the requirements of article 9, paragraph 1.
(a) 其中通過“憑指示”或者“可轉(zhuǎn)讓”之類的措詞，或者通過該記錄所適用的法律承認(rèn)具有同等效力的其他適當(dāng)措詞，表明貨物已交運(yùn)且應(yīng)按照托運(yùn)人的指示或者收貨人的指示交付，且未明確聲明其為“不可轉(zhuǎn)讓”或者“不得轉(zhuǎn)讓”，并且 (b) 其使用符合第9 條第1 款的要求。
20. “Non-negotiable electronic transport record” means an electronic transport record that is not a negotiable electronic transport record.
“不可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄”是指不是可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的電子運(yùn)輸記錄。
21. The “issuance” of a negotiable electronic transport record means the issuance of the record in accordance with procedures that ensure that the record is subject to exclusive control from its creation until it ceases to have any effect or validity.
“簽發(fā)”可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄，是指按照確保該記錄自生成至失去效力處于排他性控制之下的程序簽發(fā)該記錄。
22. The “transfer” of a negotiable electronic transport record means the transfer of exclusive control over the record.
“轉(zhuǎn)讓”可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄，是指轉(zhuǎn)讓對(duì)該記錄的排他性控制。
23. “Contract particulars” means any information relating to the contract of carriage or to the goods (including terms, notations, signatures and endorsements) that is in a transport document or an electronic transport record.
“合同事項(xiàng)”是指運(yùn)輸單證或者電子運(yùn)輸記錄中載明的與運(yùn)輸合同或者與貨物有關(guān)的任何信息（包括條款、批注、簽名和背書）。
24. “Goods” means the wares, merchandise, and articles of every kind whatsoever that a carrier undertakes to carry under a contract of carriage and includes the packing and any equipment and container not supplied by or on behalf of the carrier.
“貨物”是指承運(yùn)人根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同承運(yùn)的任何種類的制品、商品和物件，包括不是由承運(yùn)人或者不是以承運(yùn)人名義提供的包裝以及任何設(shè)備和集裝箱。
25. “Ship” means any vessel used to carry goods by sea.
“船舶”是指用于海上貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)娜魏未弧?br />
26. “Container” means any type of container, transportable tank or flat, swap body, or any similar unit load used to consolidate goods, and any equipment ancillary to such unit load.
“集裝箱”是指任何型號(hào)的集裝箱、運(yùn)輸罐柜或者板架、交換式車廂、或者拼裝貨物的任何類似貨載單元及其附加設(shè)備。
27. “Vehicle” means a road or railroad cargo vehicle.
“車輛”是指公路或者鐵路貨運(yùn)車輛。
28. “Freight” means the remuneration payable to the carrier for the carriage of goods under a contract of carriage.
“運(yùn)費(fèi)”是指應(yīng)向承運(yùn)人支付的，根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同運(yùn)輸貨物的報(bào)酬。
29. “Domicile” means (a) a place where a company or other legal person or association of natural or legal persons has its (i) statutory seat or place of incorporation or central registered office, whichever is applicable, (ii) central administration or (iii) principal place of business, and (b) the habitual residence of a natural person.
“住所”是指(a) 公司、其他法人、自然人社團(tuán)或者法人社團(tuán)的下列所在地：(i) 法定處所或者組建地，或者主要注冊(cè)辦事處，以適用者為準(zhǔn)，(ii) 主要行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)，或者(iii) 主營(yíng)業(yè)地；和(b) 然人的慣常居住地。
30. “Competent court” means a court in a Contracting State that, according to the rules on the internal allocation of jurisdiction among the courts of that State, may exercise jurisdiction over the dispute.
“管轄法院”是指一締約國(guó)內(nèi)，根據(jù)本國(guó)法院之間管轄權(quán)內(nèi)部劃分規(guī)則可以對(duì)某一爭(zhēng)議行使管轄權(quán)的法院。
Article 2 Interpretation of this Convention 第2 條 本公約的解釋
In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in international trade.
在解釋本公約時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮到本公約的國(guó)際性，考慮到促進(jìn)統(tǒng)一適用本公約和在國(guó)際貿(mào)易中遵守誠(chéng)信的需要。
Article 3 Form requirements 第3 條 形式要求
The notices, confirmation, consent, agreement, declaration and other communications referred to in articles 19, paragraph 2; 23, paragraphs 1 to 4; 36, subparagraphs 1 (b), (c) and (d); 40, subparagraph 4 (b); 44; 48, paragraph 3; 51, subparagraph 1 (b); 59, paragraph 1; 63; 66; 67, paragraph 2; 75, paragraph4; and 80, paragraphs 2 and 5, shall be in writing. Electronic communications may be used for these purposes, provided that the use of such means is with the consent of the person by which it is communicated and of the person to which it is communicated.
第19 條第2 款、第23 條第1 款至第4 款、第36 條第1 款第(b) 項(xiàng)、第(c) 項(xiàng)和第(d) 項(xiàng)、第40 條第4 款第(b) 項(xiàng)、第44 條、第48 條第3 款、第51 條第1 款第(b) 項(xiàng)、第59 條第1 款、第63 條、第66 條、第67 條第2 款、第75 條第4 款以及第80 條第2 款和第5 款述及的通知、確認(rèn)、同意、約定、聲明和其他通信應(yīng)當(dāng)采用書面形式。
經(jīng)收發(fā)人同意的，可以為此目的使用電子通信。
Article 4 Applicability of defences and limits of liability 第4 條 抗辯和賠償責(zé)任限制的適用
1. Any provision of this Convention that may provide a defence for, or limit the liability of, the carrier applies in any judicial or arbitral proceeding, whether founded in contract, in tort, or otherwise, that is instituted in respect of loss of, damage to, or delay in delivery of goods covered by a contract of carriage or for the breach of any other obligation under this Convention against:
(a) The carrier or a maritime performing party;
(b) The master, crew or any other person that performs services on board the ship; or
(c) Employees of the carrier or a maritime performing party.
本公約的規(guī)定，凡可為承運(yùn)人提供抗辯或者限制其賠償責(zé)任的，適用于以合同、侵權(quán)行為或者其他理由為依據(jù)，就運(yùn)輸合同所涉貨物的滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，或者就違反本公約規(guī)定的其他任何義務(wù)，對(duì)下列人提起的任何司法程序或者仲裁程序：
(a) 承運(yùn)人或者海運(yùn)履約方；
(b) 船長(zhǎng)、船員或者在船上履行服務(wù)的其他任何人；或者
(c) 承運(yùn)人或者海運(yùn)履約方的受雇人。
2. Any provision of this Convention that may provide a defence for the shipper or the documentary shipper applies in any judicial or arbitral proceeding, whether founded in contract, in tort, or otherwise, that is instituted against the shipper, the documentary shipper, or their subcontractors, agents or employees.
. 本公約的規(guī)定，凡可為托運(yùn)人或者單證托運(yùn)人提供抗辯的，適用于以合同、侵權(quán)行為或者其他理由為依據(jù)，對(duì)托運(yùn)人、單證托運(yùn)人或者其分合同人、代理人或者受雇人提起的任何司法程序或者仲裁程序。
Chapter 2 Scope of application 第2 章 適用范圍
Article 5 General scope of application 第5 條 一般適用范圍
1. Subject to article 6, this Convention applies to contracts of carriage in which the place of receipt and the place of delivery are in different States, and the port of loading of a sea carriage and the port of discharge of the same sea carriage are in different States, if, according to the contract of carriage, any one of the following places is located in a Contracting State:
除第6 條另有規(guī)定外，本公約適用于收貨地和交貨地位于不同國(guó)家，且海上運(yùn)輸裝貨港和同一海上運(yùn)輸卸貨港位于不同國(guó)家的運(yùn)輸合同，條件是運(yùn)輸合同約定以下地點(diǎn)之一位于一締約國(guó)：
(a) The place of receipt; 收貨地；
(b) The port of loading; 裝貨港；
(c) The place of delivery; or交貨地；或者
(d) The port of discharge. 卸貨港。
2. This Convention applies without regard to the nationality of the vessel, the carrier, the performing parties, the shipper, the consignee, or any other interested parties.
本公約的適用不考慮船舶、承運(yùn)人、履約方、托運(yùn)人、收貨人或者其他任何利益方的國(guó)籍。
Article 6 Specific exclusions第6 條 特定除外情形
1. This Convention does not apply to the following contracts in liner transportation:
1. 本公約不適用于班輪運(yùn)輸中的下列合同：
(a) Charter parties; and 租船合同；和
(b) Other contracts for the use of a ship or of any space thereon.
使用船舶或者其中任何艙位的其他合同。
2. This Convention does not apply to contracts of carriage in non-liner transportation except when: (a) There is no charter party or other contract between the parties for the use of a ship or of any space thereon; and (b) A transport document or an electronic transport record is issued.
本公約不適用于非班輪運(yùn)輸中的運(yùn)輸合同，但下列情形除外：
(a) 當(dāng)事人之間不存在使用船舶或者其中任何艙位的租船合同或者其他合同；并且
(b) 簽發(fā)了運(yùn)輸單證或者電子運(yùn)輸記錄。
Article 7 Application to certain parties 第7 條 對(duì)某些當(dāng)事人的適用
Notwithstanding article 6, this Convention applies as between the carrier and the consignee, controlling party or holder that is not an original party to the charter party or other contract of carriage excluded from the application of this Convention. However, this Convention does not apply as between the original parties to a contract of carriage excluded pursuant to article 6.
雖有第6 條的規(guī)定，如果收貨人、控制方或者持有人不是被排除在本公約適用范圍之外的租船合同或者其他運(yùn)輸合同的原始當(dāng)事人，本公約仍然在承運(yùn)人與此等當(dāng)事人之間適用。但是，如果當(dāng)事人是根據(jù)第6 條被排除在外的運(yùn)輸合同的原始當(dāng)事人，本公約在此等原始當(dāng)事人之間不適用。
Chapter 3 Electronic transport records 第3 章 電子運(yùn)輸記錄
Article 8 Use and effect of electronic transport records
第8 條 電子運(yùn)輸記錄的使用和效力
Subject to the requirements set out in this Convention: 在不違反本公約所述要求的情況下：
(a) Anything that is to be in or on a transport document under this Convention may be recorded in an electronic transport record, provided the issuance and subsequent use of an electronic transport record is with the consent of the carrier and the shipper; and (b) The issuance, exclusive control, or transfer of an electronic transport record has the same effect as the issuance, possession, or transfer of a transport document.
(a) 凡根據(jù)本公約應(yīng)在運(yùn)輸單證上載明的內(nèi)容，均可在電子運(yùn)輸記錄中加以記載，但電子運(yùn)輸記錄的簽發(fā)和隨后的使用須得到承運(yùn)人和托運(yùn)人的同意；并且
(b) 電子運(yùn)輸記錄的簽發(fā)、排他性控制或者轉(zhuǎn)讓，與運(yùn)輸單證的簽發(fā)、占有或者轉(zhuǎn)讓具有同等效力。
Article 9 Procedures for use of negotiable electronic transport records
第9 條 可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的使用程序
1. The use of a negotiable electronic transport record shall be subject to procedures that provide for:
(a) The method for the issuance and the transfer of that record to an intended holder;
(b) An assurance that the negotiable electronic transport record retains its integrity;
(c) The manner in which the holder is able to demonstrate that it is the holder; and
(d) The manner of providing confirmation that delivery to the holder has been effected, or that, pursuant to articles 10, paragraph 2, or 47, subparagraphs1 (a) (ii) and (c), the electronic transport record has ceased to have any effect or validity.
1. 使用可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄，應(yīng)當(dāng)遵守包含以下內(nèi)容的程序：
(a) 向預(yù)期持有人簽發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)讓可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的方法；
(b) 可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄保持完整性的保證；
(c) 持有人能夠證明其持有人身份的方式；和
(d) 已向持有人交付貨物的確認(rèn)方式，或者根據(jù)第10 條第2 款或者第47 條第1 款第(a) 項(xiàng)第(ii) 目和第(c) 項(xiàng)，可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄已失去效力的確認(rèn)方式。
2. The procedures in paragraph 1 of this article shall be referred to in the contract particulars and be readily ascertainable.
本條第1 款中的程序應(yīng)當(dāng)在合同事項(xiàng)中載明且易于查明。
Article 10 Replacement of negotiable transport document or negotiable electronic transport record
第10 條 可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證或者可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的替換
1. If a negotiable transport document has been issued and the carrier and the holder agree to replace that document by a negotiable electronic transport record:
(a) The holder shall surrender the negotiable transport document or all of them if more than one has been issued, to the carrier;
(b) The carrier shall issue to the holder a negotiable electronic transport record that includes a statement that it replaces the negotiable transport document; and
(c) The negotiable transport document ceases thereafter to have any effect or validity.
1. 已簽發(fā)可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證，且承運(yùn)人與持有人約定以可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄替換該運(yùn)輸單證的：
(a) 持有人應(yīng)當(dāng)向承運(yùn)人提交該運(yùn)輸單證，簽發(fā)一份以上單證的，應(yīng)當(dāng)提交所有單證；
(b) 承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)向持有人簽發(fā)一份可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸紀(jì)錄，其中應(yīng)包括一項(xiàng)替換該運(yùn)輸單證的聲明；并且
(c) 該運(yùn)輸單證隨即失去效力。
2. If a negotiable electronic transport record has been issued and the carrier and the holder agree to replace that electronic transport record by a negotiable transport document:
(a) The carrier shall issue to the holder, in place of the electronic transport record, a negotiable transport document that includes a statement that it replaces the negotiable electronic transport record; and
(b) The electronic transport record ceases thereafter to have any effect or validity.
2. 已簽發(fā)可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄，且承運(yùn)人與持有人約定以可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證替換該電子運(yùn)輸記錄的：
(a) 承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)向持有人簽發(fā)一份替換該電子運(yùn)輸記錄的可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證，其中應(yīng)包括一項(xiàng)替換該電子運(yùn)輸記錄的聲明；并且 (b) 該電子運(yùn)輸記錄隨即失去效力。
Chapter 4 Obligations of the carrier 第4 章 承運(yùn)人的義務(wù)
Article 11 Carriage and delivery of the goods 第11 條 貨物的運(yùn)輸和交付
The carrier shall, subject to this Convention and in accordance with the terms of the contract of carriage, carry the goods to the place of destination and deliver them to the consignee.
承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)本公約，按照運(yùn)輸合同的條款將貨物運(yùn)至目的地并交給收貨人。
Article 12 Period of responsibility of the carrier 第12 條 承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期間
1. The period of responsibility of the carrier for the goods under this Convention begins when the carrier or a performing party receives the goods for carriage and ends when the goods are delivered.
承運(yùn)人根據(jù)本公約對(duì)貨物的責(zé)任期間，自承運(yùn)人或者履約方為運(yùn)輸而接收貨物時(shí)開始，至貨物交付時(shí)終止。
2. (a) If the law or regulations of the place of receipt require the goods to be handed over to an authority or other third party from which the carrier may collect them, the period of responsibility of the carrier begins when the carrier collects the goods from the authority or other third party.
收貨地的法律或者條例要求將貨物交給某當(dāng)局或者其他第三方，承運(yùn)人可以從該當(dāng)局或者該其他第三方提取貨物的，承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期間自承運(yùn)人從該當(dāng)局或者從該其他第三方提取貨物時(shí)開始。
(b) If the law or regulations of the place of delivery require the carrier to hand over the goods to an authority or other third party from which the consignee may collect them, the period of responsibility of the carrier ends when the carrier hands the goods over to the authority or other third party.
交貨地的法律或者條例要求將貨物交給某當(dāng)局或者其他第三方，收貨人可以從該當(dāng)局或者該其他第三方提取貨物的，承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期間至承運(yùn)人將貨物交給該當(dāng)局或者該其他第三方時(shí)終止。
3. For the purpose of determining the carrier’s period of responsibility, the parties may agree on the time and location of receipt and delivery of the goods, but a provision in a contract of carriage is void to the extent that it provides that:
(a) The time of receipt of the goods is subsequent to the beginning of their initial loading under the contract of carriage; or
(b) The time of delivery of the goods is prior to the completion of their final unloading under the contract of carriage.
. 為確定承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期間，各方當(dāng)事人可以約定接收和交付貨物的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，但運(yùn)輸合同條款作下述規(guī)定的即為無效：
(a) 接收貨物的時(shí)間是在根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同開始最初裝貨之后； 或者
(b) 交付貨物的時(shí)間是在根據(jù)運(yùn)輸合同完成最后卸貨之前。
Article 13 Specific obligations 第13 條 具體義務(wù)
1. The carrier shall during the period of its responsibility as defined in article 12, and subject to article 26, properly and carefully receive, load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for, unload and deliver the goods.
在第12 條規(guī)定的責(zé)任期間內(nèi)，除第26 條另有規(guī)定外，承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)妥善而謹(jǐn)慎地接收、裝載、操作、積載、運(yùn)輸、保管、照料、卸載并交付貨物。
2. Notwithstanding paragraph 1 of this article, and without prejudice to the other provisions in chapter 4 and to chapters 5 to 7, the carrier and the shipper may agree that the loading, handling, stowing or unloading of the goods is to be performed by the shipper, the documentary shipper or the consignee. Such an agreement shall be referred to in the contract particulars.
雖有本條第1 款規(guī)定，在不影響第4 章其他規(guī)定以及第5 章至第7 章規(guī)定的情況下，承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人可以約定由托運(yùn)人、單證托運(yùn)人或者收貨人裝載、操作、積載或者卸載貨物。此種約定應(yīng)當(dāng)在合同事項(xiàng)中載明。
Article 14 Specific obligations applicable to the voyage by sea
第14 條 特別適用于海上航程的義務(wù)
The carrier is bound before, at the beginning of, and during the voyage by sea to exercise due diligence to:
(a) Make and keep the ship seaworthy;
(b) Properly crew, equip and supply the ship and keep the ship so crewed, equipped and supplied throughout the voyage; and
(c) Make and keep the holds and all other parts of the ship in which the goods are carried, and any containers supplied by the carrier in or upon which the goods are carried, fit and safe for their reception, carriage and preservation.
承運(yùn)人必須在開航前、開航當(dāng)時(shí)和海上航程中謹(jǐn)慎處理：
(a) 使船舶處于且保持適航狀態(tài)；
(b) 妥善配備船員、裝備船舶和補(bǔ)給供應(yīng)品，且在整個(gè)航程中保持此種配備、裝備和補(bǔ)給；并且
(c) 使貨艙、船舶所有其他載貨處所和由承運(yùn)人提供的載貨集裝箱適于且能安全接收、運(yùn)輸和保管貨物，且保持此種狀態(tài)。
Article 15 Goods that may become a danger 第15 條 可能形成危險(xiǎn)的貨物
Notwithstanding articles 11 and 13, the carrier or a performing party may decline to receive or to load, and may take such other measures as are reasonable, including unloading, destroying, or rendering goods harmless, if the goods are, or reasonably appear likely to become during the carrier’s period of responsibility, an actual danger to persons, property or the environment.
雖有第11 條和第13 條規(guī)定，如果貨物已對(duì)人身、財(cái)產(chǎn)或者環(huán)境形成實(shí)際危險(xiǎn)，或者適度顯現(xiàn)有可能在承運(yùn)人責(zé)任期間內(nèi)形成此種危險(xiǎn)，承運(yùn)人或者履約方可以拒絕接收或者裝載貨物，且可以采取包括將貨物卸下、銷毀或者使之不能致害等其他合理措施。
Article 16 Sacrifice of the goods during the voyage by sea
第16 條 海上航程期間犧牲貨物
Notwithstanding articles 11, 13, and 14, the carrier or a performing party may sacrifice goods at sea when the sacrifice is reasonably made for the common safety or for the purpose of preserving from peril human life or other property involved in the common adventure.
雖有第11 條、第13 條和第14 條規(guī)定，承運(yùn)人或者履約方仍可以在海上犧牲貨物，但應(yīng)是為了共同安全，或者是為了保全同一航程中人命或者其他財(cái)產(chǎn)，使之免遭危險(xiǎn)而合理作出此種犧牲。
Chapter 5 Liability of the carrier for loss, damage or delay
第5 章 承運(yùn)人對(duì)滅失、損壞或者遲延所負(fù)的賠償責(zé)任
Article 17 Basis of liability 第17 條 賠償責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)
1. The carrier is liable for loss of or damage to the goods, as well as for delay in delivery, if the claimant proves that the loss, damage, or delay, or the event or circumstance that caused or contributed to it took place during the period of the carrier’s responsibility as defined in chapter 4.
如果索賠人證明，貨物滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，或者造成、促成了滅失、損壞或者遲延交付的事件或者情形是在第4 章規(guī)定的承運(yùn)人責(zé)任期間內(nèi)發(fā)生的，承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)貨物滅失、損壞和遲延交付負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
2. The carrier is relieved of all or part of its liability pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article if it proves that the cause or one of the causes of the loss, damage, or delay is not attributable to its fault or to the fault of any person referred to in article 18.
如果承運(yùn)人證明，滅失、損壞或者遲延交付的原因或者原因之一不能歸責(zé)于承運(yùn)人本人的過失或者第18 條述及的任何人的過失，可免除承運(yùn)人根據(jù)本條第1 款所負(fù)的全部或者部分賠償責(zé)任。
3. The carrier is also relieved of all or part of its liability pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article if, alternatively to proving the absence of fault as provided in paragraph 2 of this article, it proves that one or more of the following events or circumstances caused or contributed to the loss, damage, or delay:
除證明不存在本條第2 款規(guī)定的過失之外，如果承運(yùn)人證明下列一種或者數(shù)種事件或者情形造成、促成了滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，也可免除承運(yùn)人根據(jù)本條第1 款規(guī)定所負(fù)的全部或者部分賠償責(zé)任：
(a) Act of God;
(b) Perils, dangers, and accidents of the sea or other navigable waters;
(c) War, hostilities, armed conflict, piracy, terrorism, riots, and civil commotions;
(d) Quarantine restrictions; interference by or impediments created by governments, public authorities, rulers, or people including detention, arrest, or seizure not attributable to the carrier or any person referred to in article 18;
(e) Strikes, lockouts, stoppages, or restraints of labour;
(f) Fire on the ship;
(g) Latent defects not discoverable by due diligence;
(h) Act or omission of the shipper, the documentary shipper, the controlling party, or any other person for whose acts the shipper or the documentary shipper is liable pursuant to article 33 or 34;
(a) 天災(zāi)；
(b) 海上或者其他通航水域的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、危險(xiǎn)和事故；
(c) 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、敵對(duì)行動(dòng)、武裝沖突、海盜、恐怖活動(dòng)、暴亂和民變；
(d) 檢疫限制；政府、公共當(dāng)局、統(tǒng)治者或者人民的干涉或者造成的障礙，包括非由承運(yùn)人或者第18 條述及的任何人所造成的滯留、扣留或者扣押；
(e) 罷工、關(guān)廠、停工或者勞動(dòng)受限；
(f) 船上發(fā)生火災(zāi)；
(g) 通過合理的謹(jǐn)慎無法發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在缺陷；
(h) 托運(yùn)人、單證托運(yùn)人、控制方或者根據(jù)第33 條或者第34 條托運(yùn)人或者單證托運(yùn)人對(duì)其作為承擔(dān)責(zé)任的其他任何人的作為或者不作為；
(i) Loading, handling, stowing, or unloading of the goods performed pursuant to an agreement in accordance with article 13, paragraph 2, unless the carrier or a performing party performs such activity on behalf of the shipper, the documentary shipper or the consignee;
(j) Wastage in bulk or weight or any other loss or damage arising from inherent defect, quality, or vice of the goods;
(k) Insufficiency or defective condition of packing or marking not performed by or on behalf of the carrier;
(l) Saving or attempting to save life at sea;
(m) Reasonable measures to save or attempt to save property at sea;
(n) Reasonable measures to avoid or attempt to avoid damage to the environment; or
(o) Acts of the carrier in pursuance of the powers conferred by articles 15 and 16.
(i) 按照第13 條第2 款所述及的約定進(jìn)行的貨物裝載、操作、積載或者卸載，除非承運(yùn)人或者履約方代表托運(yùn)人、單證托運(yùn)人或者收貨人實(shí)施此項(xiàng)活動(dòng)；
(j) 由于貨物固有缺陷、品質(zhì)或者瑕疵而造成的數(shù)量或者重量損耗或者其他任何滅失或者損壞；
(k) 非由承運(yùn)人或者代其行事的人所做包裝不良或者標(biāo)志欠缺、不清；
(l) 海上救助或者試圖救助人命；
(m) 海上救助或者試圖救助財(cái)產(chǎn)的合理措施；
(n) 避免或者試圖避免對(duì)環(huán)境造成危害的合理措施；或者
(o) 承運(yùn)人根據(jù)第15 條和第16 條所賦權(quán)利的作為。
4. Notwithstanding paragraph 3 of this article, the carrier is liable for all or part of the loss, damage, or delay:
(a) If the claimant proves that the fault of the carrier or of a person referred to in article 18 caused or contributed to the event or circumstance on which the carrier relies; or
(b) If the claimant proves that an event or circumstance not listed in paragraph 3 of this article contributed to the loss, damage, or delay, and the carrier cannot prove that this event or circumstance is not attributable to its fault or to the fault of any person referred to in article 18.
雖有本條第3 款規(guī)定，有下列情形之一的，承運(yùn)人仍應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)滅失、損壞或者遲延交付的全部或者部分負(fù)賠償責(zé)任：
(a) 索賠人證明，承運(yùn)人或者第18 條述及的人的過失造成、促成了承運(yùn)人所依據(jù)的事件或者情形；或者
(b) 索賠人證明，本條第3 款所列事件或者情形以外的事件或者情形促成了滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，且承運(yùn)人無法證明，該事件或者情形既不能歸責(zé)于其本人的過失，也不能歸責(zé)于第18條述及的任何人的過失。
5. The carrier is also liable, notwithstanding paragraph 3 of this article, for all or part of the loss, damage, or delay if:
(a) The claimant proves that the loss, damage, or delay was or was probably caused by or contributed to by (i) the unseaworthiness of the ship; (ii) the improper crewing, equipping, and supplying of the ship; or (iii) the fact that the holds or other parts of the ship in which the goods are carried, or any containers supplied by the carrier in or upon which the goods are carried, were not fit and safe for reception, carriage, and preservation of the goods; and
(b) The carrier is unable to prove either that: (i) none of the events or circumstances referred to in subparagraph 5 (a) of this article caused the loss, damage, or delay; or (ii) it complied with its obligation to exercise due diligence pursuant to article 14.
雖有本條第3 款規(guī)定，在下列情況下，承運(yùn)人還應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)滅失、損壞或者遲延交付的全部或者部分負(fù)賠償責(zé)任：
(a) 索賠人證明，造成或者可能造成，促成或者可能促成滅失、損壞或者遲延交付的原因是：(i) 船舶不適航；(ii) 配備船員、裝備船舶和補(bǔ)給供應(yīng)品不當(dāng)；或者(iii) 貨艙、船舶其他載貨處所或者由承運(yùn)人提供的載貨集裝箱不適于且不能安全接收、運(yùn)輸和保管貨物；并且
(b) 承運(yùn)人無法證明：(i) 造成滅失、損壞或者遲延交付的原因不是本條第5 款第(a) 項(xiàng)述及的任何事件或者情形；或者(ii) 承運(yùn)人遵守了第14 條所規(guī)定的合理謹(jǐn)慎義務(wù)。
6. When the carrier is relieved of part of its liability pursuant to this article, the carrier is liable only for that part of the loss, damage or delay that is attributable to the event or circumstance for which it is liable pursuant to this article.
承運(yùn)人根據(jù)本條規(guī)定被免除部分賠償責(zé)任的，承運(yùn)人僅對(duì)根據(jù)本條應(yīng)由其負(fù)賠償責(zé)任的事件或者情形所造成的那部分滅失、損壞或者遲延交付負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
Article 18 Liability of the carrier for other persons 第18 條 承運(yùn)人為其他人負(fù)賠償責(zé)任
The carrier is liable for the breach of its obligations under this Convention caused by the acts or omissions of:
(a) Any performing party;
(b) The master or crew of the ship;
(c) Employees of the carrier or a performing party; or
(d) Any other person that performs or undertakes to perform any of the carrier’s obligations under the contract of carriage, to the extent that the person acts, either directly or indirectly, at the carrier’s request or under the carrier’s supervision or control.
下列人的作為或者不作為違反本公約對(duì)承運(yùn)人規(guī)定的義務(wù)，承運(yùn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)負(fù)賠償責(zé)任：
(a) 任何履約方；
(b) 船長(zhǎng)或者船員；
(c) 承運(yùn)人的受雇人或者履約方的受雇人；或者
(d) 履行或者承諾履行運(yùn)輸合同規(guī)定的承運(yùn)人義務(wù)的其他任何人，以該人按照承運(yùn)人的要求，或者在承運(yùn)人的監(jiān)督或者控制下直接或者間接作為為限。
Article 19 Liability of maritime performing parties 第19 條 海運(yùn)履約方的賠償責(zé)任
1. A maritime performing party is subject to the obligations and liabilities imposed on the carrier under this Convention and is entitled to the carrier’s defences and limits of liability as provided for in this Convention if:
(a) The maritime performing party received the goods for carriage in a Contracting State, or delivered them in a Contracting State, or performed its activities with respect to the goods in a port in a Contracting State; and
(b) The occurrence that caused the loss, damage or delay took place: (i) during the period between the arrival of the goods at the port of loading of the ship and their departure from the port of discharge from the ship; (ii) while the maritime performing party had custody of the goods; or (iii) at any other time to the extent that it was participating in the performance of any of the activities contemplated by the contract of carriage.
1. 符合下列條件的，海運(yùn)履約方必須承擔(dān)本公約對(duì)承運(yùn)人規(guī)定的義務(wù)和賠償責(zé)任，且有權(quán)享有本公約對(duì)承運(yùn)人規(guī)定的抗辯和賠償責(zé)任限制：
(a) 海運(yùn)履約方在一締約國(guó)為運(yùn)輸而接收了貨物或者在一締約國(guó)交付了貨物，或者在一締約國(guó)某一港口履行了與貨物有關(guān)的各種活動(dòng)；并且
(b) 造成滅失、損壞或者遲延交付的事件發(fā)生在：(i) 貨物到達(dá)船舶裝貨港至貨物離開船舶卸貨港的期間內(nèi)；(ii)貨物在海運(yùn)履約方掌管期間內(nèi)；或者(iii) 海運(yùn)履約方參與履行運(yùn)輸合同所載列任何活動(dòng)的其他任何時(shí)間內(nèi)。
2. If the carrier agrees to assume obligations other than those imposed on the carrier under this Convention, or agrees that the limits of its liability are higher than the limits specified under this Convention, a maritime performing party is not bound by this agreement unless it expressly agrees to accept such obligations or such higher limits.
承運(yùn)人約定在本公約對(duì)其規(guī)定的義務(wù)范圍之外承擔(dān)義務(wù)的，或者約定其賠償責(zé)任限額高于本公約所規(guī)定的限額的，海運(yùn)履約方不受該約定的約束，除非海運(yùn)履約方明確約定接受該義務(wù)或者該更高限額。
3. A maritime performing party is liable for the breach of its obligations under this Convention caused by the acts or omissions of any person to which it has entrusted the performance of any of the carrier’s obligations under the contract of carriage under the conditions set out in paragraph 1 of this article.
符合本條第1 款所列條件的，對(duì)于受海運(yùn)履約方委托，履行運(yùn)輸合同約定的承運(yùn)人義務(wù)的人違反本公約對(duì)海運(yùn)履約方規(guī)定的義務(wù)的作為或者不作為，海運(yùn)履約方負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
4. Nothing in this Convention imposes liability on the master or crew of the ship or on an employee of the carrier or of a maritime performing party.
本公約規(guī)定概不要求船長(zhǎng)或者船員、承運(yùn)人的受雇人或者海運(yùn)履約方的受雇人負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
Article 20 Joint and several liability 第20 條 連帶賠償責(zé)任
1. If the carrier and one or more maritime performing parties are liable for the loss of, damage to, or delay in delivery of the goods, their liability is joint and several but only up to the limits provided for under this Convention.
對(duì)于貨物滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，承運(yùn)人和一個(gè)或者數(shù)個(gè)海運(yùn)履約方均負(fù)有賠償責(zé)任的，其賠償責(zé)任為連帶責(zé)任，但僅限于本公約所規(guī)定的限額。
2. Without prejudice to article 61, the aggregate liability of all such persons shall not exceed the overall limits of liability under this Convention.
在不影響第61 條的情況下，上述所有人的累計(jì)賠償責(zé)任不得超過本公約所規(guī)定的賠償責(zé)任總限額。
Article 21 Delay 第21 條 遲延
Delay in delivery occurs when the goods are not delivered at the place of destination provided for in the contract of carriage within the time agreed.
未在約定時(shí)間內(nèi)在運(yùn)輸合同約定的目的地交付貨物，為遲延交付。
Article 22 Calculation of compensation 第22 條 賠償額的計(jì)算
1. Subject to article 59, the compensation payable by the carrier for loss of or damage to the goods is calculated by reference to the value of such goods at the place and time of delivery established in accordance with article 43.
除第59 條另有規(guī)定外，承運(yùn)人對(duì)貨物滅失或者損壞應(yīng)支付的賠償額，參照貨物在根據(jù)第43 條確定的交貨地和交貨時(shí)間的價(jià)值計(jì)算。
2. The value of the goods is fixed according to the commodity exchange price or, if there is no such price, according to their market price or, if there is no commodity exchange price or market price, by reference to the normal value of the goods of the same kind and quality at the place of delivery.
貨物價(jià)值根據(jù)商品交易價(jià)格確定，無此種價(jià)格的，根據(jù)其市場(chǎng)價(jià)格確定，既無商品交易價(jià)格又無市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的，參照交貨地同種類和同品質(zhì)貨物的通常價(jià)值確定。
3. In case of loss of or damage to the goods, the carrier is not liable for payment of any compensation beyond what is provided for in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this article except when the carrier and the shipper have agreed to calculate compensation in a different manner within the limits of chapter 16.
貨物發(fā)生滅失或者損壞的，承運(yùn)人對(duì)超出本條第1 款和第2 款所規(guī)定的賠償額不負(fù)任何賠償責(zé)任，除非承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人在第16 章的限度內(nèi)約定了賠償額的不同計(jì)算方法。
Article 23 Notice in case of loss, damage or delay
第23 條 發(fā)生滅失、損壞或者遲延時(shí)的通知
1. The carrier is presumed, in absence of proof to the contrary, to have delivered the goods according to their description in the contract particulars unless notice of loss of or damage to the goods, indicating the general nature of such loss or damage, was given to the carrier or the performing party that delivered the goods before or at the time of the delivery, or, if the loss or damage is not apparent, within seven working days at the place of delivery after the delivery of the goods.
除非已在交貨前或者交貨時(shí)，或者在滅失或者損壞不明顯的情況下，在交貨后交貨地的七個(gè)工作日內(nèi)向承運(yùn)人或者向?qū)嶋H交付貨物的履約方提交了表明此種滅失或者損壞一般性質(zhì)的貨物滅失或者損壞通知，否則，在無相反證據(jù)的情況下，推定承運(yùn)人已按照合同事項(xiàng)中有關(guān)貨物的記載交付了貨物。
2. Failure to provide the notice referred to in this article to the carrier or the performing party shall not affect the right to claim compensation for loss of or damage to the goods under this Convention, nor shall it affect the allocation of the burden of proof set out in article 17.
未向承運(yùn)人或者履約方提交本條述及的通知，不得影響根據(jù)本公約對(duì)貨物滅失或者損壞索賠的權(quán)利，也不得影響第17 條所規(guī)定的舉證責(zé)任分擔(dān)。
3. The notice referred to in this article is not required in respect of loss or damage that is ascertained in a joint inspection of the goods by the person to which they have been delivered and the carrier or the maritime performing party against which liability is being asserted.
被交付貨物的人與承運(yùn)人或者與當(dāng)時(shí)被要求承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任的海運(yùn)履約方對(duì)貨物進(jìn)行了聯(lián)合檢驗(yàn)的，無須就聯(lián)合檢驗(yàn)所查明的滅失或者損壞提交本條述及的通知。
4. No compensation in respect of delay is payable unless notice of loss due to delay was given to the carrier within twenty-one consecutive days of delivery of the goods.
除非在交貨后二十一個(gè)連續(xù)日內(nèi)向承運(yùn)人提交了遲延造成損失的通知，否則無須就遲延支付任何賠償金。
5. When the notice referred to in this article is given to the performing party that delivered the goods, it has the same effect as if that notice was given to the carrier, and notice given to the carrier has the same effect as a notice given to a maritime performing party.
向?qū)嶋H交付貨物的履約方提交本條述及的通知，與向承運(yùn)人提交該通知具有同等效力；向承運(yùn)人提交通知，與向海運(yùn)履約方提交通知具有同等效力。
6. In the case of any actual or apprehended loss or damage, the parties to the dispute shall give all reasonable facilities to each other for inspecting and tallying the goods and shall provide access to records and documents relevant to the carriage of the goods.
對(duì)于任何實(shí)際發(fā)生的或者預(yù)想發(fā)生的滅失或者損壞，爭(zhēng)議各方當(dāng)事人應(yīng)當(dāng)為檢驗(yàn)和清點(diǎn)貨物相互提供一切合理便利，且應(yīng)當(dāng)為查詢有關(guān)貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)挠涗浐蛦巫C提供機(jī)會(huì)。
Chapter 6 Additional provisions relating to particular stages of carriage
第6 章 有關(guān)特定運(yùn)輸階段的補(bǔ)充條款
Article 24 Deviation 第24 條 繞航
When pursuant to applicable law a deviation constitutes a breach of the carrier’s obligations, such deviation of itself shall not deprive the carrier or a maritime performing party of any defence or limitation of this Convention, except to the extent provided in article 61.
繞航根據(jù)準(zhǔn)據(jù)法構(gòu)成違反承運(yùn)人義務(wù)的，此種繞航本身不得剝奪本公約為承運(yùn)人或者海運(yùn)履約方提供的任何抗辯或者賠償責(zé)任限制，但第61 條規(guī)定的情形除外。
Article 25 Deck cargo on ships 第25 條 船舶上的艙面貨
1. Goods may be carried on the deck of a ship only if:
(a) Such carriage is required by law;
(b) They are carried in or on containers or vehicles that are fit for deck carriage, and the decks are specially fitted to carry such containers or vehicles; or
(c) The carriage on deck is in accordance with the contract of carriage, or the customs, usages or practices of the trade in question.
1. 在船舶艙面上載運(yùn)貨物，只能限于下列情形：
(a) 根據(jù)法律的要求進(jìn)行此種運(yùn)輸；
(b) 貨物載于適合艙面運(yùn)輸?shù)募b箱內(nèi)或者車輛內(nèi)，而艙面專門適于載運(yùn)此類集裝箱或者車輛；或者
(c) 艙面運(yùn)輸符合運(yùn)輸合同或者相關(guān)行業(yè)的習(xí)慣、慣例或者做法。
2. The provisions of this Convention relating to the liability of the carrier apply to the loss of, damage to or delay in the delivery of goods carried on deck pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article, but the carrier is not liable for loss of or damage to such goods, or delay in their delivery, caused by the special risks involved in their carriage on deck when the goods are carried in accordance with subparagraphs 1 (a) or (c) of this article.
本公約有關(guān)承運(yùn)人賠償責(zé)任的規(guī)定，適用于根據(jù)本條第1 款在艙面上載運(yùn)的貨物的滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，但根據(jù)本條第1 款第(a) 項(xiàng)或者第(c) 項(xiàng)載運(yùn)貨物的，對(duì)于艙面載運(yùn)貨物涉及的特殊風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所造成的貨物滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，承運(yùn)人不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
3. If the goods have been carried on deck in cases other than those permitted pursuant to paragraph 1 of this article, the carrier is liable for loss of or damage to the goods or delay in their delivery that is exclusively caused by their carriage on deck, and is not entitled to the defences provided for in article 17.
在艙面上載運(yùn)貨物，不是本條第1 款所準(zhǔn)許的情形的，對(duì)于完全由于艙面載運(yùn)貨物所造成的貨物滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，承運(yùn)人負(fù)賠償責(zé)任，且無權(quán)享有第17 條規(guī)定的抗辯。
4. The carrier is not entitled to invoke subparagraph 1 (c) of this article against a third party that has acquired a negotiable transport document or a negotiable electronic transport record in good faith, unless the contract particulars state that the goods may be carried on deck.
第三方已善意取得可轉(zhuǎn)讓運(yùn)輸單證或者可轉(zhuǎn)讓電子運(yùn)輸記錄的，承運(yùn)人無權(quán)對(duì)其援用本條第1 款第(c) 項(xiàng)的規(guī)定，除非合同事項(xiàng)載明可以在艙面上載運(yùn)貨物。
5. If the carrier and shipper expressly agreed that the goods would be carried under deck, the carrier is not entitled to the benefit of the limitation of liability for any loss of, damage to or delays in the delivery of the goods to the extent that such loss, damage, or delay resulted from their carriage on deck.
承運(yùn)人與托運(yùn)人明確約定貨物將載于艙內(nèi)的，如果貨物載于艙面造成任何滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，對(duì)于此種滅失、損壞或者遲延交付，承運(yùn)人無權(quán)享有限制賠償責(zé)任的利益。
Article 26 Carriage preceding or subsequent to sea carriage
第26 條 海上運(yùn)輸之前或者之后的運(yùn)輸
When loss of or damage to goods, or an event or circumstance causing a delay in their delivery, occurs during the carrier’s period of responsibility but solely before their loading onto the ship or solely after their discharge from the ship, the provisions of this Convention do not prevail over those provisions of another international instrument that, at the time of such loss, damage or event or circumstance causing delay:
(a) Pursuant to the provisions of such international instrument would have applied to all or any of the carrier’s activities if the shipper had made a separate and direct contract with the carrier in respect of the particular stage of carriage where the loss of, or damage to goods, or an event or circumstance causing delay in their delivery occurred;
(b) Specifically provide for the carrier’s liability, limitation of liability, or time for suit; and
(c) Cannot be departed from by contract either at all or to the detriment of the shipper under that instrument.
如果貨物滅失、損壞或者造成遲延交付的事件或者情形發(fā)生在承運(yùn)人的責(zé)任期間內(nèi)，但發(fā)生的時(shí)間僅在貨物裝上船舶之前或者僅在貨物卸離船舶之后，本公約的規(guī)定不得優(yōu)先于其他國(guó)際文書的下述條文，在此種滅失、損壞或者造成遲延交付的事件或者情形發(fā)生時(shí)：
(a) 根據(jù)該國(guó)際文書的規(guī)定，如果托運(yùn)人已就發(fā)生貨物滅失、損壞或者造成貨物遲延交付的事件或者情形的特定運(yùn)輸階段與承運(yùn)人訂有單獨(dú)和直接的合同，本應(yīng)適用于承運(yùn)人全部活動(dòng)或者任何活動(dòng)的條文；
(b) 就承運(yùn)人的賠償責(zé)任、賠償責(zé)任限制或者時(shí)效作了具體規(guī)定的條文；和
(c) 根據(jù)該文書，完全不能通過訂立合同加以背離的條文，或者不能在損害托運(yùn)人利益的情況下通過訂立合同加以背離的條文。
做專業(yè)的人工翻譯服務(wù)
