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Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
WTO與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定
 
《與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》(Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights縮寫 TRIPs)簡稱《知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》，是世界貿(mào)易組織管轄的一項(xiàng)多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定�！杜c貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定》有七個(gè)部分，共73條。主要條款有：一般規(guī)定和基本原則，關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的效力、范圍及使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的執(zhí)法，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的獲得、維護(hù)及相關(guān)程序，爭端的防止和解決，過渡安排，機(jī)構(gòu)安排、最后條款等。協(xié)定的主要內(nèi)容是：提出和重申了保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的基本原則，確立了知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定與其他知識產(chǎn)權(quán)國際公約的基本關(guān)系。
 
PREAMBLE
PART I  General Provisions and Basic Principles第一部分 總則和基本原則
PART II  Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights
第二部分 關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的效力、范圍及使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
 
1.Copyright and Related Rights版權(quán)及相關(guān)權(quán)利
2.Trademarks商標(biāo)
3.Geographical Indications地理標(biāo)識
4.Industrial Designs工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
5.Patents專利
6.Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits集成電路的布圖設(shè)計(jì)(拓?fù)鋱D)
7.Protection of Undisclosed Information對未披露信息的保護(hù)
8.Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences
在協(xié)議性許可中限制競爭行為的控制
 
PART III  Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights第三部分 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的實(shí)施
1.General Obligations一般義務(wù)
2.Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies民事和行政程序及救濟(jì)
3.Provisional Measures臨時(shí)措施
4.Special Requirements Related to Border Measures有關(guān)邊境措施的特別要求
5.Criminal Procedures刑事程序
PART IV  Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related Inter-Partes Procedures第四部分 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的獲得和維護(hù)及當(dāng)事人之間的相關(guān)程序
PART V  Dispute Prevention and Settlement第五部分爭端的防止和解決
PART VI  Transitional Arrangements第六部分 過渡安排
PART VII Institutional Arrangements; Final Provisions第七部分 機(jī)構(gòu)安排：最后條款
 
Preamble
Members，各成員，
Desiring to reduce distortions and impediments to international trade，and taking into account the need to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights，and to ensure that measures and procedures to enforce intellectual property rights do not themselves become barriers to legitimate trade；
Recognizing，to this end，the need for new rules and disciplines concerning：
期望減少國際貿(mào)易中的扭曲和阻礙因素，并考慮到需要加強(qiáng)對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)實(shí)行有效和充分的保護(hù)，并確保實(shí)施知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的措施和程序本身不會成為合法貿(mào)易的障礙；
認(rèn)識到為此目的，有必要制訂有關(guān)下列問題的新的規(guī)則和紀(jì)律：
 
(a) the applicability of the basic principles of GATT 1994 and of relevant international intellectual property agreements or conventions；
1994年關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的基本原則以及有關(guān)國際知識產(chǎn)權(quán)協(xié)定或公約的適用性；
 
(b) the provision of adequate standards and principles concerning the availability，scope and use of trade-related intellectual property rights；
就與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的效力、范圍和使用，規(guī)定適當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)則；
 
(c) the provision of effective and appropriate means for the enforcement of trade-related intellectual property rights，taking into account differences in national legal systems；  
就與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的實(shí)施規(guī)定有效的和適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒�，同時(shí)考慮各國法律制度的差異，；
 
(d) the provision of effective and expeditious procedures for the multilateral prevention and settlement of disputes between governments；and
在多邊一級防止和解決政府間爭端規(guī)定有效和迅速的程序；
 
(e) transitional arrangements aiming at the fullest participation in the results of the negotiations；
旨在最充分地參與談判結(jié)果的過渡安排。
 
Recognizing the need for a multilateral framework of principles，rules and disciplines dealing with international trade in counterfeit goods；
Recognizing that intellectual property rights are private rights；
Recognizing the underlying public policy objectives of national systems for the protection of intellectual property, including developmental and technological objectives；
Recognizing also the special needs of the least-developed country Members in respect of maximum flexibility in the domestic implementation of laws and regulations in order to enable them to create a sound and viable technological base；
Desiring to establish a mutually supportive relationship between the WTO and the World Intellectual Property Organization (referred to in this Agreement as “WIPO”) as well as other relevant international organizations；
Hereby agree as follows：
認(rèn)識到需要一個(gè)包含原則、規(guī)則和紀(jì)律的多邊框架，以處理冒牌貨的國際貿(mào)易問題；
認(rèn)識到知識產(chǎn)權(quán)是私有權(quán)利；
認(rèn)識到各國知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)體系最基本的公共政策目標(biāo)，包括發(fā)展目標(biāo)和技術(shù)目標(biāo)；
還認(rèn)識到最不發(fā)達(dá)國家成員在國內(nèi)實(shí)施法律和法規(guī)方面特別需要最大靈活性，以便它們能夠創(chuàng)造一個(gè)良好的和有生命力的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)；
強(qiáng)調(diào)通過多邊程序達(dá)成強(qiáng)有力的承諾，以解決與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)爭議從而減少摩擦的重要性；
期望在世界貿(mào)易組織和世界知識產(chǎn)權(quán)組織(本協(xié)議中簡稱為“WIPO”)以及其他有關(guān)的國際組織之間建立一種相互支持的關(guān)系；特此協(xié)議如下：
Part I  General Provisions and Basic Principles第一部分  總則和基本原則
Article 1  Nature and Scope of Obligations 第1條  義務(wù)的性質(zhì)和范圍
 
1.Members shall give effect to the provisions of this Agreement. Members may，but shall not be obliged to, implement in their law more extensive protection than is required by this Agreement，provided that such protection does not contravene the provisions of this Agreement. Members shall be free to determine the appropriate method of implementing the provisions of this Agreement within their own legal system and practice.
各成員應(yīng)使本協(xié)定的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定生效。各成員可以，但不應(yīng)有義務(wù)，在其法律中實(shí)施比本協(xié)定要求更廣泛的保護(hù)，只要這種保護(hù)不違反本協(xié)定的規(guī)定。各成員有權(quán)在它們自己的法律制度和實(shí)踐中確定實(shí)施本協(xié)定規(guī)定的適當(dāng)方法。
 
2.For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “intellectual property”refers to all categories of intellectual property that are the subject of Sections 1 through 7 of Part II.
就本協(xié)定而言,“知識產(chǎn)權(quán)”一詞系指第二部分第一節(jié)至第七節(jié)主題的所有類別的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。
 
3.Members shall accord the treatment provided for in this Agreement to the nationals of other Members.1 (1) In respect of the relevant intellectual property right，the nationals of other Members shall be understood as those natural or legal persons that would meet the criteria for eligibility for protection provided for in the Paris Convention (1967)，the Berne Convention (1971)，the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits，were all Members of the WTO members of those conventions. 2(2) Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in paragraph 3 of Article 5 or paragraph 2 of Article 6 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as                                         foreseen in those provisions to the Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (the “Council for TRIPS”).
各成員應(yīng)給予其他成員的國民以本協(xié)定規(guī)定的待遇。1就有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)而言，其他成員的國民應(yīng)理解為符合《巴黎公約》(1967)、《伯爾尼公約》(1971)、《羅馬公約》和《關(guān)于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》規(guī)定的保護(hù)資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自然人或法人，如若世界貿(mào)易組織的所有成員均為那些公約的成員。2任何利用《羅馬條約》第5條第3款和第6條第2款規(guī)定的可能性成員，均應(yīng)按那些條款中所預(yù)想的那樣，通知與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)理事會(“TRIPS理事會”)。
 
Article 2  Intellectual Property Conventions第2條  知識產(chǎn)權(quán)公約
1.In respect of Parts II, III and IV of this Agreement, Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 12，and Article 19，of the Paris Convention (1967).
就本協(xié)定的第二、第三和第四部分而言，各成員應(yīng)遵守《巴黎公約》(1967)第1至12條和第19條。
 
2.Nothing in Parts I to IV of this Agreement shall derogate from existing obligations that Members may have to each other under the Paris Convention，the Berne Convention，the Rome Convention and the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits.
本協(xié)定第一至第四部分的任何規(guī)定不應(yīng)背離各成員可能在《巴黎公約》、《伯爾尼公約》《羅馬公約》和《關(guān)于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》項(xiàng)下所相互承擔(dān)的現(xiàn)有義務(wù)。
 
Article 3  National Treatment第3條  國民待遇
1.Each Member shall accord to the nationals of other Members treatment no less favorable than that it accords to its own nationals with regard to the protection3 of intellectual property，subject to the exceptions already provided in，respectively，the Paris Convention (1967)，the Berne Convention (1971)，the Rome Convention or the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits. In respect of performers，producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations，this obligation only applies in respect of the rights provided under this Agreement. Any Member availing itself of the possibilities provided in Article 6 of the Berne Convention (1971) or paragraph 1(b) of Article 16 of the Rome Convention shall make a notification as foreseen in those provisions to the Council for TRIPS.
在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)3方面，每個(gè)成員給其他成員國民的待遇不應(yīng)低于它給予本國國民的待遇，除非《巴黎公約》(1967)、《伯爾尼公約》(1971)、《羅馬公約》或《關(guān)于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》中已分別有規(guī)定的例外情況。對表演者、錄音制批制作者和廣播組織，該項(xiàng)義務(wù)僅適用于本協(xié)定規(guī)定的權(quán)利。任何成員如利用《伯爾尼公約》第6條或《羅馬公約》第16條第l款(b)項(xiàng)所規(guī)定的權(quán)利，均應(yīng)按那些條款所預(yù)想的那樣，通知TRIPS理事會。
 
2.Members may avail themselves of the exceptions permitted under paragraph 1 in relation to judicial and administrative procedures, including the designation of an address for service or the appointment of an agent within the jurisdiction of a Member，only where such exceptions are necessary to secure compliance with laws and regulations which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement and where such practices are not applied in a manner which would constitute a disguised restriction on trade.
各成員可利用第1款所允許的司法和行政程序方面的例外，包括在一成員管轄范圍內(nèi)指定送達(dá)地址或任命代理人，但這些例外是為確保遵守不與本協(xié)定規(guī)定抵觸的法律和規(guī)章所需，且實(shí)施這種做法不對貿(mào)易構(gòu)成變相限制。
 
Article 4  Most-Favored-Nation Treatment第4條  最惠國待遇
With regard to the protection of intellectual property，any advantage，favor，privilege or immunity granted by a Member to the nationals of any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the nationals of all other Members. Exempted from this obligation are any advantage，favor，privilege or immunity accorded by a Member：
在知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面，一成員給予任何其他成員國民的任何好處、優(yōu)惠、特權(quán)或豁免，應(yīng)立即無條件地給予所有其他成員的國民。一成員給予的下述好處、優(yōu)惠、特權(quán)或豁免，可免除此義務(wù)：
(a) deriving from international agreements on judicial assistance or law enforcement of a general nature and not particularly confined to the protection of intellectual property；
由關(guān)于司法協(xié)助或一般性質(zhì)的法律實(shí)施的國際協(xié)定派生，而不特別限于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面的
 
(b) granted in accordance with the provisions of the Berne Convention (1971) or the Rome Convention authorizing that the treatment accorded be a function not of national treatment but of the treatment accorded in another country；
根據(jù)《伯爾尼公約》(1971)或《羅馬公約》規(guī)定給予的，它們授權(quán)所給予的待遇不是國民待遇性質(zhì)而是另一國中給予的待遇；
 
(c) in respect of the rights of performers, producers of phonograms and broadcasting organizations not provided under this Agreement；
本協(xié)定項(xiàng)下未作規(guī)定的有關(guān)表演者、錄音制品制作者以及廣播組織的權(quán)利；
 
 (d) deriving from international agreements related to the protection of intellectual property
which entered into force prior to the entry into force of the WTO Agreement，provided that such agreements are notified to the Council for TRIPS and do not constitute an arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination against nationals of other Members.
由《WTO的協(xié)議》生效前已生效的有關(guān)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的國際協(xié)定派生的，只要這些協(xié)定已通知RIPS理事會，并對其他成員的國民不造成武斷或不公正的歧視。
 
Article 5  Multilateral Agreements on Acquisition or Maintenance of Protection
第5條  關(guān)于取得或維護(hù)保護(hù)的多邊協(xié)定
 
The obligations under Articles 3 and 4 do not apply to procedures provided in multilateral agreements concluded under the auspices of WIPO relating to the acquisition or maintenance of intellectual property rights.
第3條和第4條的義務(wù)不適用于在WIPO主持下達(dá)成的有關(guān)取得或維護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的多邊協(xié)定中規(guī)定的程序。
 
Article 6  Exhaustion第6條  權(quán)利用盡
For the purposes of dispute settlement under this Agreement, subject to the provisions of Articles 3 and 4 nothing in this Agreement shall be used to address the issue of the exhaustion of intellectual property rights.
就本協(xié)定下的爭端解決而言，在遵守第3和第4條規(guī)定的前提下，本協(xié)定中的任何條款不得用于處理知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的權(quán)利用盡問題。
 
Article 7  Objectives第7條  目標(biāo)
The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology，to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare，and to a balance of rights and obligations.
知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的保護(hù)和實(shí)施應(yīng)有助于促進(jìn)技術(shù)革新和技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓與傳播，有助于技術(shù)知識的創(chuàng)造者和使用者互相受益，并有助于社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)福利及權(quán)利和義務(wù)的平衡。
 
Article 8  Principles第8條  原則
1.Members may，in formulating or amending their laws and regulations, adopt measures necessary to protect public health and nutrition，and to promote the public interest in sectors of vital importance to their socio-economic and technological development， provided that such measures are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement.
在制訂或修改其法律和規(guī)章時(shí)，各成員可采取必要措施來保護(hù)公共健康和營養(yǎng)，促進(jìn)對其社會經(jīng)濟(jì)和技術(shù)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要部門的公共利益，只要這些措施符合本協(xié)定的規(guī)定。
 
2.Appropriate measures, provided that they are consistent with the provisions of this Agreement，may be needed to prevent the abuse of intellectual property rights by right holders or the resort to practices which unreasonably restrain trade or adversely affect the international transfer of technology.
只要符合本協(xié)定的規(guī)定，必要時(shí)可以采取適當(dāng)措施來防止知識產(chǎn)權(quán)持有人濫用知識產(chǎn)權(quán)，或采取不正當(dāng)?shù)叵拗瀑Q(mào)易或?qū)�國際技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓造成不利影響的做法。
 
PART II  Standards concerning the availability, scope and use of Intellectual Property Rights
第二部分  關(guān)于知識產(chǎn)權(quán)的效力、范圍和使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
 
SECTION 1:  COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS  第1節(jié)：版權(quán)和相關(guān)權(quán)利
Article 9  Relation to the Berne Convention 第9條  與《伯爾尼公約》的關(guān)系
1.Members shall comply with Articles 1 through 21 of the Berne Convention (1971) and the Appendix thereto. However，Members shall not have rights or obligations under this Agreement in respect of the rights conferred under Article 6bis of that Convention or of the rights derived therefrom.
各成員應(yīng)遵守《伯爾尼公約》(1971)第1至21條及其附錄的規(guī)定。然而，各成員對公約第6條之二所給予或派生的權(quán)利在本協(xié)定下不具有權(quán)利和義務(wù)。
 
2.Copyright protection shall extend to expressions and not to ideas, procedures，methods of operation or mathematical concepts as such.
版權(quán)的保護(hù)應(yīng)該延伸至表述方式，但不延伸至思想、程序、操作方法或數(shù)學(xué)概念本身。
 
Article 10  Computer Programs and Compilations of Data第10條  計(jì)算機(jī)程序和數(shù)據(jù)匯編
1.Computer programs，whether in source or object code，shall be protected as literary works under the Berne Convention (1971).
計(jì)算機(jī)程序，無論是源代碼還是目標(biāo)代碼，應(yīng)作為《伯爾尼公約》(1971)項(xiàng)下的文字作品加以保護(hù)。
 
2.Compilations of data or other material，whether in machine readable or other form， which by reason of the selection or arrangement of their contents constitute intellectual creations shall be protected as such. Such protection，which shall not extend to the data or material itself，shall be without prejudice to any copyright subsisting in the data or material itself.
數(shù)據(jù)匯編或其他資料，無論是以機(jī)器可讀形式還是其他形式，只要通過對其內(nèi)容的選取或安排而構(gòu)成智力創(chuàng)造，就應(yīng)作為智力創(chuàng)造加以保護(hù)。該保護(hù)不應(yīng)延伸至數(shù)據(jù)或資料本身，并不應(yīng)損害存在于數(shù)據(jù)或資料本身的任何版權(quán)。
 
Article 11  Rental Rights第11條  出租權(quán)
In respect of at least computer programs and cinematographic works，a Member shall provide authors and their successors in title the right to authorize or to prohibit the commercial rental to the public of originals or copies of their copyright works. A Member shall be excepted from this obligation in respect of cinematographic works unless such rental has led to widespread copying of such works which is materially impairing the exclusive right of reproduction conferred in that Member on authors and their successors in title. In respect of computer programs, this obligation does not apply to rentals where the program itself is not the essential object of the rental.
至少在計(jì)算機(jī)程序和電影作品方面，一成員應(yīng)給予作者及其合法繼承人許可或禁止向公眾商業(yè)性出租其享有版權(quán)之作品的原件或復(fù)制品的權(quán)利。一成員對電影作品可不承擔(dān)此義務(wù)，除非這種出租已導(dǎo)致該作品廣泛復(fù)制，從而實(shí)質(zhì)性地減損該成員給予作者及其合法繼承人的專有復(fù)制權(quán)。在計(jì)算機(jī)程序方面，如該程序本身不是出租的主要標(biāo)的，則此義務(wù)不適用于出租。
 
Article 12  Term of Protection第12條  保護(hù)期限
Whenever the term of protection of a work, other than a photographic work or a work of applied art，is calculated on a basis other than the life of a natural person，such term shall be no less than 50 years from the end of the calendar year of authorized publication，or， failing such authorized publication within 50 years from the making of the work，50 years from the end of the calendar year of making.
除攝影作品或?qū)嵱盟囆g(shù)作品外，如若一作品的保護(hù)期限不以自然人的壽命為基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算，則該期限自作品準(zhǔn)予出版的日歷年年底起不得少于50年，或者如若作品在創(chuàng)作后50年內(nèi)未經(jīng)授權(quán)出版，則自創(chuàng)作的日歷年年底的50年。
 
Article 13  Limitations and Exceptions第13條  限制和例外
Members shall confine limitations or exceptions to exclusive rights to certain special cases which do not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the right holder.
各成員對專有權(quán)作出的任何限制或例外規(guī)定應(yīng)限于某些特殊情況，且不會與對作品的正常利用相沖突，也不會不合理地?fù)p害權(quán)利持有人的合法權(quán)益。
 
Article 14  Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms (Sound Recordings) and Broadcasting Organizations
第14條  對表演者、 錄音制品(唱片)制作者和廣播組織的保護(hù)
 
1.In respect of a fixation of their performance on a phonogram, performers shall have the possibility of preventing the following acts when undertaken without their authorization： the fixation of their unfixed performance and the reproduction of such fixation. Performers shall also have the possibility of preventing the following acts when undertaken without their authorization: the broadcasting by wireless means and the communication to the public of their live performance.
就將其表演錄制在錄音制品上而言，表演者應(yīng)有可能阻止下列未經(jīng)其授權(quán)的行為：錄制其未錄制過的表演和復(fù)制這些錄制品。表演者還應(yīng)有可能阻止下列未經(jīng)其授權(quán)的行為：以無線廣播方式播出和向大眾傳播其現(xiàn)場表演。
 
2.Producers of phonograms shall enjoy the right to authorize or prohibit the direct or indirect reproduction of their phonograms.
錄音制品制作者應(yīng)享有準(zhǔn)許或禁止直接或間接復(fù)制其錄音制品的權(quán)利。
 
3.Broadcasting organizations shall have the right to prohibit the following acts when undertaken without their authorization：the fixation，the reproduction of fixations，and the rebroadcasting by wireless means of broadcasts, as well as the communication to the public of television broadcasts of the same. Where Members do not grant such rights to broadcasting organizations，they shall provide owners of copyright in the subject matter of broadcasts with the possibility of preventing the above acts，subject to the provisions of the Berne Convention (1971).
廣播組織應(yīng)有權(quán)禁止下列未經(jīng)其授權(quán)的行為：錄制、復(fù)制其錄制品、以無線廣播方式轉(zhuǎn)播其廣播，以及將其電視廣播向公眾再轉(zhuǎn)播。如若各成員未授予廣播組織這種權(quán)利，則應(yīng)在符合《伯爾尼公約》(1971)規(guī)定的前提下，給予廣播客體的版權(quán)所有人以阻止上述行為的可能性。
 
4.The provisions of Article 11 in respect of computer programs shall apply mutatis mutandis to producers of phonograms and any other right holders in phonograms as determined in a Member's law. If on 15 April 1994 a Member has in force a system of equitable remuneration of right holders in respect of the rental of phonograms，it may maintain such system provided that the commercial rental of phonograms is not giving rise to the material impairment of the exclusive rights of reproduction of right holders.
第11條關(guān)于計(jì)算機(jī)程序的規(guī)定作必要修改后應(yīng)適用于錄音制品制作者和按一成員法確定的任何其他對錄音制品的權(quán)利持有人。如若在1994年4月15日，一成員在錄音制品的出租方面已在實(shí)施向權(quán)利持有人公平付酬的制度，則可維持這一制度，只要對錄音制品的商業(yè)性出租不對權(quán)利持有人的專有復(fù)制權(quán)造成實(shí)質(zhì)性的減損。
 
5.The term of the protection available under this Agreement to performers and producers of phonograms shall last at least until the end of a period of 50 years computed from the end of the calendar year in which the fixation was made or the performance took place. The term of protection granted pursuant to paragraph 3 shall last for at least 20 years from the end of the calendar year in which the broadcast took place.
本協(xié)定項(xiàng)下給予表演者和錄音制品制作者可獲得的保護(hù)期限，應(yīng)自該錄制或表演發(fā)生的日歷年年底起，至少持續(xù)到第50年年末。根據(jù)第3款所給予的保護(hù)期限，應(yīng)自廣播發(fā)生的日歷年年底起，至少持續(xù)20年。
 
6.Any Member may, in relation to the rights conferred under paragraphs 1，2 and 3， provide for conditions，limitations，exceptions and reservations to the extent permitted by the Rome Convention. However，the provisions of Article 18 of the Berne Convention(1971) shall also apply，mutatis mutandis，to the rights of performers and producers of phonograms in phonograms.
任何成員可對第1款、第2款和第3款給予的權(quán)利，在《羅馬公約》允許的限度內(nèi)，規(guī)定條件、限制、例外和保留。但是，《伯爾尼公約》(1971)第18條的規(guī)定在作必要修改后也應(yīng)適用于表演者和錄音制品制作者就錄音制品享有的權(quán)利。
 
SECTION 2:  TRADEMARKS  第二節(jié)：商標(biāo)
Article 15  Protectable Subject Matter第15條  可保護(hù)客體
1.Any sign，or any combination of signs, capable of distinguishing the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings，shall be capable of constituting a trademark. Such signs，in particular words including personal names，letters，numerals， figurative elements and combinations of colors as well as any combination of such signs， shall be eligible for registration as trademarks. Where signs are not inherently capable of distinguishing the relevant goods or services，Members may make registrability depend on distinctiveness acquired through use. Members may require，as a condition of registration，that signs be visually perceptible.
任何標(biāo)記或標(biāo)記的組合，只要能區(qū)分一企業(yè)和其他企業(yè)的貨物或服務(wù)，就應(yīng)能構(gòu)成一個(gè)商標(biāo)。這些標(biāo)記，特別是單詞，包括個(gè)人名、字母、數(shù)字、圖形成分和顏色的組合以及任何這些標(biāo)記的組合，均應(yīng)有資格作為商標(biāo)進(jìn)行注冊。如若標(biāo)記沒有固有的區(qū)分有關(guān)商品或服務(wù)的特征，各成員可經(jīng)由使用后獲得的顯著性作為是否予以注冊。各成員可要求，作為注冊的一個(gè)條件，這些標(biāo)記應(yīng)在視覺上可感知的。
 
2.Paragraph 1 shall not be understood to prevent a Member from denying registration of a trademark on other grounds，provided that they do not derogate from the provisions of the Paris Convention (1967).
第1款不應(yīng)理解為阻止一成員以其他理由拒絕商標(biāo)的注冊，只要這些理由不違反《巴黎公約》(1967)的規(guī)定。
 
3.Members may make registrability depend on use. However，actual use of a trademark shall not be a condition for filing an application for registration. An application shall not be refused solely on the ground that intended use has not taken place before the expiry of a period of three years from the date of application.
各成員可將使用作為注冊的前提。然而，一商標(biāo)的實(shí)際使用不應(yīng)作為申請注冊的一項(xiàng)條件。不能僅僅因?yàn)樽陨暾埲掌鹑�年期滿商標(biāo)末按原意使用而拒絕該申請。
 
4.The nature of the goods or services to which a trademark is to be applied shall in no case form an obstacle to registration of the trademark.
一商標(biāo)所適用的貨物或服務(wù)的性質(zhì)在任何情況下不得成為申請商標(biāo)注冊的障礙。
 
5.Members shall publish each trademark either before it is registered or promptly after it is registered and shall afford a reasonable opportunity for petitions to cancel the registration. In addition，Members may afford an opportunity for the registration of a trademark to be opposed.
各成員應(yīng)在商標(biāo)注冊前或在注冊后迅速公布每一商標(biāo)，并應(yīng)給予請求撤銷注冊以合理的機(jī)會。此外，各成員可以提供對商標(biāo)之注冊提出異議的機(jī)會。
 
Article 16  Rights Conferred第16條  授予的權(quán)利
1.The owner of a registered trademark shall have the exclusive right to prevent all third parties not having the owner's consent from using in the course of trade identical or similar signs for goods or services which are identical or similar to those in respect of which the trademark is registered where such use would result in a likelihood of confusion. In case of the use of an identical sign for identical goods or services，a likelihood of confusion shall be presumed. The rights described above shall not prejudice any existing prior rights，nor shall they affect the possibility of Members making rights available on the basis of use.
注冊商標(biāo)的所有人應(yīng)有專有權(quán)，以阻止所有第三方未經(jīng)其同意在交易過程中對與已獲商標(biāo)注冊的貨物或服務(wù)的相同或類似的貨物或服務(wù)使用相同或類似的標(biāo)記，如若這種使用可能會產(chǎn)生混淆。在對相同貨物或服務(wù)使用相同標(biāo)記是情況下，則應(yīng)推定存在混淆的可能性。上述權(quán)利不應(yīng)損害任何現(xiàn)有的優(yōu)先權(quán)，也不應(yīng)影響各成員以使用為基礎(chǔ)授予權(quán)利的可能性。
 
2. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply，mutatis mutandis，to services. In determining whether a trademark is well-known，Members shall take account of the knowledge of the trademark in the relevant sector of the public，including knowledge in the Member concerned which has been obtained as a result of the promotion of the trademark.
《巴黎公約》(1967)第6條之二這必要修改后應(yīng)適用于服務(wù)。在確定一商標(biāo)是否馳名時(shí)，各成員應(yīng)考慮到該商標(biāo)在相關(guān)部門為公眾所了解的程度，包括該商標(biāo)因促銷而在該有關(guān)成員獲得理解的程度。
 
3. Article 6bis of the Paris Convention (1967) shall apply，mutatis mutandis，to goods or services which are not similar to those in respect of which a trademark is registered，
provided that use of that trademark in relation to those goods or services would indicate a
connection between those goods or services and the owner of the registered trademark and provided that the interests of the owner of the registered trademark are likely to be damaged by such use.
《巴黎公約》(1967)第6條之二在作必要修改后應(yīng)適用于與已獲得商標(biāo)注冊的貨物或服務(wù)不相類似的貨物或服務(wù)，只要該商標(biāo)在那些貨物或服務(wù)上的使用會表明那些貨物或服務(wù)與該注冊商標(biāo)所有人之間存在著聯(lián)系，且這種使用有可能損害該注冊商標(biāo)所有人的權(quán)益。
 
Article 17  Exceptions第17條  例外
Members may provide limited exceptions to the rights conferred by a trademark，such as fair use of descriptive terms，provided that such exceptions take account of the legitimate interests of the owner of the trademark and of third parties.
各成員可對商標(biāo)所授予的權(quán)利規(guī)定有限制的例外，如適當(dāng)使用描述性術(shù)語，只要這些例外考慮到商標(biāo)所有人和第三方的合法權(quán)益。
 
Article 18  Term of Protection第18條  保護(hù)期限
Initial registration，and each renewal of registration，of a trademark shall be for a term of no less than seven years. The registration of a trademark shall be renewable indefinitely.
商標(biāo)首次注冊及其每次續(xù)展的期限不得少于7年。商標(biāo)的注冊應(yīng)可無限期地續(xù)展。
 
Article 19  Requirement of Use第19條  使用要求
1. If use is required to maintain a registration，the registration may be cancelled only after an uninterrupted period of at least three years of non-use，unless valid reasons based on the existence of obstacles to such use are shown by the trademark owner. Circumstances arising independently of the will of the owner of the trademark which constitute an obstacle to the use of the trademark，such as import restrictions on or other government requirements for goods or services protected by the trademark，shall be recognized as valid reasons for non-use.
如若保留注冊要求使用商標(biāo)，那么只有在至少連續(xù)3年未得使用后才可取消注冊，除非商標(biāo)所有人提出有效的理由說明存在使用該商標(biāo)的障礙。出現(xiàn)構(gòu)成商標(biāo)使用的障礙但并非出乎商標(biāo)所有人意愿之情形，如對受商標(biāo)保護(hù)的貨物或服務(wù)實(shí)施進(jìn)口限制或其他政府要求，應(yīng)被認(rèn)為是不使用的有效理由。
 
2. When subject to the control of its owner，use of a trademark by another person shall be recognized as use of the trademark for the purpose of maintaining the registration.
在受所有權(quán)人控制的情況下，另一人使用一商標(biāo)應(yīng)被認(rèn)為為保留商標(biāo)注冊而使用商標(biāo)。
 
Article 20  Other Requirements第20條  其他要求
The use of a trademark in the course of trade shall not be unjustifiably encumbered by special requirements，such as use with another trademark, use in a special form or use in a manner detrimental to its capability to distinguish the goods or services of one undertaking from those of other undertakings. This will not preclude a requirement prescribing the use of the trademark identifying the undertaking producing the goods or services along with，but without linking it to，the trademark distinguishing the specific goods or services in question of that undertaking.
商標(biāo)在交易過程中的使用不應(yīng)受到特殊要求不合理的阻礙，諸如與另一商標(biāo)一起使用，以特殊形式使用或其使用方式會損害其區(qū)分一企業(yè)的貨物或服務(wù)與其他企業(yè)的貨物或服務(wù)的能力。但該規(guī)定不排除這樣的要求，即要求將識別該生產(chǎn)貨物或服務(wù)的企業(yè)的商標(biāo)與區(qū)別該企業(yè)的具體貨物或服務(wù)的商標(biāo)一起使用，但不將兩者聯(lián)系起來。
 
Article 21  Licensing and Assignment第21條  許可和轉(zhuǎn)讓
Members may determine conditions on the licensing and assignment of trademarks，it being understood that the compulsory licensing of trademarks shall not be permitted and that the owner of a registered trademark shall have the right to assign the trademark with or without the transfer of the business to which the trademark belongs.
各成員可對商標(biāo)的許可和轉(zhuǎn)讓規(guī)定條件，但這應(yīng)理解為不允許商標(biāo)的強(qiáng)制許可，而且注冊商標(biāo)的所有權(quán)人有權(quán)將商標(biāo)與該商標(biāo)所屬業(yè)務(wù)同時(shí)或不同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)讓。
 
SECTION 3: GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS第三節(jié)：地理標(biāo)識
Article 22  Protection of Geographical Indications第22條  地理標(biāo)識的保護(hù)
1. Geographical indications are，for the purposes of this Agreement，indications which identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member，or a region or locality in that territory，where a given quality，reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
本協(xié)定之目的而言，“地理標(biāo)識”是指識別某一貨物來源于一成員的領(lǐng)土或該領(lǐng)土內(nèi)的一個(gè)地區(qū)或地方的標(biāo)識，而該貨物所具有的質(zhì)量、聲譽(yù)或其他特性實(shí)質(zhì)上歸因于其地理來源。
 
2. In respect of geographical indications，Members shall provide the legal means for interested parties to prevent：
在地理標(biāo)識方面，各成員應(yīng)為有利益關(guān)系的各方提供法律手段以防止：
 
(a) the use of any means in the designation or presentation of a good that indicates or suggests that the good in question originates in a geographical area other than the true place of origin in a manner which misleads the public as to the geographical origin of the good；
用任何方式在標(biāo)示和說明某一貨物時(shí)指示或暗示該有關(guān)貨物來源于一個(gè)非其真實(shí)原產(chǎn)地的一個(gè)地理區(qū)域，從而在該貨物的地理來源方面誤導(dǎo)公眾；
 
(b) any use which constitutes an act of unfair competition within the meaning of Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967).
任何構(gòu)成《巴黎公約》(1967)第10條之二意義下不公平競爭行為的使用，
 
3. A Member shall，ex officio if its legislation so permits or at the request of an interested party，refuse or invalidate the registration of a trademark which contains or consists of a geographical indication with respect to goods not originating in the territory indicated，if use of the indication in the trademark for such goods in that Member is of such a nature as to mislead the public as to the true place of origin.
如若一商標(biāo)包含的或構(gòu)成的有關(guān)貨物并非源自所表明領(lǐng)土的地理標(biāo)識，且如若在該貨物的商標(biāo)中使用這一標(biāo)識會使公眾對其真實(shí)的原產(chǎn)地產(chǎn)生誤解，則一成員在其立法允許或有利益關(guān)系的一方請求的情況下，可拒絕或廢止該商標(biāo)的注冊。
 
4. The protection under paragraphs 1，2 and 3 shall be applicable against a geographical indication which，although literally true as to the territory，region or locality in which the goods originate，falsely represents to the public that the goods originate in another territory.
根據(jù)第1款、第2款和第3款給予的保護(hù)應(yīng)可適用于雖在字面上表明貨物來源的真實(shí)領(lǐng)土、地區(qū)或地方，但卻虛假地向公眾表明該貨物源于另一領(lǐng)土的地理標(biāo)識。
 
Article 23  Additional Protection for Geographical Indications for Wines and Spirits
第23條  對葡萄酒和烈酒地理標(biāo)識的額外保護(hù)
1. Each Member shall provide the legal means for interested parties to prevent use of a geographical indication identifying wines for wines not originating in the place indicated by the geographical indication in question or identifying spirits for spirits not originating in the place indicated by the geographical indication in question，even where the true origin of the goods is indicated or the geographical indication is used in translation or accompanied by expressions such as “kind”，“type”，“style”，“imitation”or the like. 4
1.每個(gè)成員應(yīng)為有利害關(guān)系的各方提供法律手段，以防止將識別葡萄酒的地理標(biāo)識用于并非來源于該地理標(biāo)識所表明地方的葡萄酒，或防止將識別烈酒的地理標(biāo)識用于并非來源于該地理標(biāo)識所表明地方的烈酒，即使對貨物的真實(shí)原產(chǎn)地已表明，或該地理標(biāo)識是經(jīng)翻譯后使用的，或伴有“種類”、“類型”、“特色”、“仿制”或類似表述方式。
 
2. The registration of a trademark for wines which contains or consists of a geographical indication identifying wines or for spirits which contains or consists of a geographical indication identifying spirits shall be refused or invalidated, ex officio if a Member's legislation so permits or at the request of an interested party，with respect to such wines or spirits not having this origin.
對包含或構(gòu)成識別葡萄酒的地理標(biāo)識的葡萄酒或包含或構(gòu)成識別烈酒的地理標(biāo)識的烈酒，如若一成員依職權(quán)在其立法允許或有利害關(guān)系的一方，對于并非來源于該產(chǎn)地的葡萄酒或烈酒提出請求時(shí)，應(yīng)拒絕或廢止該商標(biāo)注冊。
 
3. In the case of homonymous geographical indications for wines，protection shall be accorded to each indication，subject to the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 22. Each Member shall determine the practical conditions under which the homonymous indications in question will be differentiated from each other，taking into account the need to ensure equitable treatment of the producers concerned and that consumers are not misled.
在葡萄酒的地理標(biāo)識同名的情況下，在遵守第22條第4款規(guī)定的前提下，應(yīng)對每一種標(biāo)識均予保護(hù)。每一成員應(yīng)確定切實(shí)可行的條件以便該同名標(biāo)識可相互區(qū)分，同時(shí)考慮確保公正地對待有關(guān)生產(chǎn)者并使消費(fèi)者不致被誤導(dǎo)的需要。
 
4. In order to facilitate the protection of geographical indications for wines，negotiations shall be undertaken in the Council for TRIPS concerning the establishment of a multilateral system of notification and registration of geographical indications for wines eligible for protection in those Members participating in the system.
為便于保護(hù)葡萄酒地理標(biāo)識，應(yīng)在TRIPS理事會進(jìn)行談判，以便建立一個(gè)的葡萄酒地理標(biāo)識通知和注冊的多邊制度，對參加該制度的那些成員有資格獲得保護(hù)。
 
Article 24  International Negotiations; Exceptions第24條  國際談判：例外
1.Members agree to enter into negotiations aimed at increasing the protection of individual geographical indications under Article 23. The provisions of paragraphs 4 through 8 below shall not be used by a Member to refuse to conduct negotiations or to conclude bilateral or multilateral agreements. In the context of such negotiations, Members shall be willing to consider the continued applicability of these provisions to individual geographical indications whose use was the subject of such negotiations.
各成員同意進(jìn)行談判，旨在加強(qiáng)對第23條項(xiàng)下單個(gè)地理標(biāo)識的保護(hù)。一成員不得援用下述第4款至第8款的規(guī)定，以拒絕進(jìn)行談判或達(dá)成雙邊或多邊協(xié)議。在這種談判的背景下，各成員應(yīng)愿意考慮這些規(guī)定繼續(xù)適用于其使用曾為此類談判議題的單個(gè)地理標(biāo)識。
 
2.The Council for TRIPS shall keep under review the application of the provisions of this Section，the first such review shall take place within two years of the entry into force of the WTO Agreement. Any matter affecting the compliance with the obligations under these provisions may be drawn to the attention of the Council，which，at the request of a Member，shall consult with any Member or Members in respect of such matter in respect of which it has not been possible to find a satisfactory solution through bilateral or plurilateral consultations between the Members concerned. The Council shall take such action as may be agreed to facilitate the operation and further the objectives of this Section.
TRIPs理事會應(yīng)不斷審議本節(jié)規(guī)定的適用情況；第-次審議應(yīng)在《建立WTO的協(xié)定》生效后2年內(nèi)進(jìn)行。任何影響遵守這些規(guī)定下的義務(wù)的事項(xiàng)均可提請理事會注意，在一成員的請求時(shí)，理事會應(yīng)就有關(guān)成員之間通過雙邊或諸邊磋商未能找到滿意解決辦法的事項(xiàng)與任何當(dāng)事成員進(jìn)行磋商。理事會應(yīng)采取各方同意的行動，以便利本節(jié)的貫徹執(zhí)行，并促進(jìn)本節(jié)目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
 
3.In implementing this Section, a Member shall not diminish the protection of geographical indications that existed in that Member immediately prior to the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
在實(shí)施本節(jié)規(guī)定時(shí)，一成員不應(yīng)降低《WTO協(xié)定》生效之日前已在該成員中存在的對地理標(biāo)識的保護(hù)。
 
4.Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to prevent continued and similar use of a particular geographical indication of another Member identifying wines or spirits in connection with goods or services by any of its nationals or domiciliaries who have used that geographical indication in a continuous manner with regard to the same or related goods or services in the territory of that Member either (a) for at least 10 years preceding 15 April 1994 or (b) in good faith preceding that date.
本節(jié)的任何規(guī)定不得要求一成員阻止其任何國民或居民在貨物或服務(wù)方面繼續(xù)以類似方式使用另一成員識別葡萄酒成烈酒的某一特定地理標(biāo)識，如若其國民或居民在相同或有關(guān)的貨物服務(wù)上在該成員境內(nèi)已連續(xù)使用這一地理標(biāo)記(a)在1994年4月15日前至少已有10年，或(ｂ)在該日期前的使用是善意的。
 
5. Where a trademark has been applied for or registered in good faith，or where rights to a trademark have been acquired through use in good faith either.
如若一商標(biāo)的申請或注冊是善意的，或如若一商標(biāo)的權(quán)利是在以下日期之前通過善意的使用取得的：
 
(a) before the date of application of these provisions in that Member as defined in Part VI； or
在第六部分確定的那些規(guī)定對該成員適用之日前；或
 
(b) before the geographical indication is protected in its country of origin，measures adopted to implement this Section shall not prejudice eligibility for or the validity of the registration of a trademark，or the right to use a trademark，on the basis that such a trademark is identical with, or similar to, a geographical indication.
在該地理標(biāo)識在其來源國被保護(hù)之前；為實(shí)施本節(jié)規(guī)定而采取的措施不得因一商標(biāo)與一地理標(biāo)識相同或相似而損害商標(biāo)的注冊資格或商標(biāo)注冊的有效性，或商標(biāo)的使用權(quán)。
 
6. Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to apply its provisions in respect of a geographical indication of any other Member with respect to goods or services for which the relevant indication is identical with the term customary in common language as the
common name for such goods or services in the territory of that Member. Nothing in this Section shall require a Member to apply its provisions in respect of a geographical indication of any other Member with respect to products of the vine for which the relevant indication is identical with the customary name of a grape variety existing in the territory of that Member as of the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
本節(jié)的任何規(guī)定不得要求一成員將其有關(guān)貨物或服務(wù)的地理標(biāo)識的規(guī)定適用于任何其他成員的，如若在該成員境內(nèi)，與這些貨物或服務(wù)相關(guān)的標(biāo)識與通用語言中作為這些貨物或服務(wù)的一般名稱的習(xí)慣術(shù)語相同。本節(jié)的任何規(guī)定不得要求一成員將其規(guī)定適用于任何其他成員關(guān)于葡萄產(chǎn)品的地理標(biāo)記，如若此類地理標(biāo)識與在《WTO協(xié)定》生效之日在該成員領(lǐng)土內(nèi)已存在的葡萄品種的習(xí)慣名稱相同。
 
7. A Member may provide that any request made under this Section in connection with the use or registration of a trademark must be presented within five years after the adverse use of the protected indication has become generally known in that Member or after the date of registration of the trademark in that Member provided that the trademark has been published by that date，if such date is earlier than the date on which the adverse use became generally known in that Member，provided that the geographical indication is not used or registered in bad faith.
一成員可規(guī)定，根據(jù)本節(jié)就一商標(biāo)的使用或注冊提出的任何請求必須在對該受保護(hù)的標(biāo)識的不利使用已在該成員境內(nèi)廣為人知后5年內(nèi)提出，或者如若商標(biāo)在一成員境內(nèi)的注冊日期早于上述不利使用該成員境內(nèi)廣為人知的日期，如若該商標(biāo)在其注冊之日前已予公布，則該請求必須在該商標(biāo)在該成員境內(nèi)注冊之日起5年內(nèi)提出，只要該地理標(biāo)識未被惡意使用或注冊。
 
8. The provisions of this Section shall in no way prejudice the right of any person to use，in the course of trade，that person's name or the name of that person's predecessor in business，except where such name is used in such a manner as to mislead the public.
本節(jié)的規(guī)定決不能損害任何人在貿(mào)易過程中在業(yè)務(wù)上使用其姓名或其業(yè)務(wù)前任姓名的權(quán)利，除非使用該姓名會誤導(dǎo)公眾。
 
9. There shall be no obligation under this Agreement to protect geographical indications which are not or cease to be protected in their country of origin，or which have fallen into disuse in that country.
各成員在本協(xié)定項(xiàng)下無任何義務(wù)保護(hù)在來源國不受保護(hù)或終止保護(hù)或在該國已廢止的地理標(biāo)識。
 
SECTION 4: INDUSTRIAL DESIGNS  第4節(jié)：工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
Article 25  Requirements for Protection 第25條  保護(hù)的要求
 
1. Members shall provide for the protection of independently created industrial designs that are new or original. Members may provide that designs are not new or original if they do not significantly differ from known designs or combinations of known design features. Members may provide that such protection shall not extend to designs dictated essentially by technical or functional considerations.
各成員應(yīng)為新的或原創(chuàng)性的獨(dú)立創(chuàng)造的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)提供保護(hù)。各成員可以規(guī)定工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)不是新的或原創(chuàng)性的，如果它們不顯著區(qū)別于已知的設(shè)計(jì)或已知設(shè)計(jì)的特征的組合。各成員可規(guī)定該保護(hù)不應(yīng)延伸至實(shí)質(zhì)上由于技術(shù)或功能上的考慮而產(chǎn)生的設(shè)計(jì)。
 
2. Each Member shall ensure that requirements for securing protection for textile designs，
in particular in regard to any cost，examination or publication，do not unreasonably impair the opportunity to seek and obtain such protection. Members shall be free to meet this obligation through industrial design law or through copyright law.
每一成員應(yīng)確保為獲得紡織品設(shè)計(jì)保護(hù)而規(guī)定的要求，特別是有關(guān)任何費(fèi)用、審查或出版物，不會不合理地?fù)p害尋求和獲得該保護(hù)的機(jī)會。各成員可自行通過工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)法或版權(quán)法來履行該項(xiàng)義務(wù)。
 
Article 26  Protection第26條  保護(hù)
1. The owner of a protected industrial design shall have the right to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from making，selling or importing articles bearing or embodying a design which is a copy，or substantially a copy，of the protected design， when such acts are undertaken for commercial purposes.
受保護(hù)的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的所有權(quán)人應(yīng)有權(quán)阻止第三方為商業(yè)目的未經(jīng)其同意而生產(chǎn)、銷售或進(jìn)口其載有或含有的設(shè)計(jì)是一受保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)的復(fù)制品或?qū)嵸|(zhì)上是復(fù)制的商品。
 
2. Members may provide limited exceptions to the protection of industrial designs， provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with the normal exploitation of protected industrial designs and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the owner of the protected design，taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
各成員可對工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的保護(hù)規(guī)定有限的例外，只要這種例外不會與受保護(hù)的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的正常利用發(fā)生不合理的沖突，也不會不合理地?fù)p害受保護(hù)工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的所有權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益，同時(shí)考慮到第三方的合法權(quán)益。
 
3. The duration of protection available shall amount to at least 10 years.
可獲得的有效保護(hù)期限應(yīng)至少達(dá)到10年。
 
SECTION 5: PATENTS第5節(jié)：專利
Article 27  Patentable Subject Matter第27條  可授予專利的客體
1.Subject to the provisions of paragraphs 2 and 3，patents shall be available for any inventions，whether products or processes，in all fields of technology, provided that they are new，involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application.5  Subject to paragraph 4 of Article 65，paragraph 8 of Article 70 and paragraph 3 of this Article， patents shall be available and patent rights enjoyable without discrimination as to the place of invention，the field of technology and whether products are imported or locally produced.
在遵守第2款和第3款規(guī)定的前提下，專利應(yīng)授予所有技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的任何發(fā)明，無論是產(chǎn)品還是方法，只要它們具有新穎性、涉及發(fā)明性的步驟，并可供工業(yè)應(yīng)用。5在遵守第65條第４款、第70條第8款和本條第3款規(guī)定的前提下，專利的獲得和專利權(quán)的享受不應(yīng)因發(fā)明地點(diǎn)、技術(shù)領(lǐng)域、產(chǎn)品是進(jìn)口的還是當(dāng)?shù)厣�產(chǎn)的而受到歧視。
 
2. Members may exclude from patentability inventions，the prevention within their territory of the commercial exploitation of which is necessary to protect ordre public or morality， including to protect human，animal or plant life or health or to avoid serious prejudice to the environment，provided that such exclusion is not made merely because the exploitation is prohibited by their law.
各成員可不對下述發(fā)明授予專利權(quán)，如若在其領(lǐng)土內(nèi)阻止對這些發(fā)明的商業(yè)性利用對于維護(hù)公共秩序或道德，包括保護(hù)人類、動物或植物的生命或健康或避免嚴(yán)重?fù)p害環(huán)境是必要的，只要此舉并不僅僅因?yàn)檫@種利用為其法律所禁止。
 
3. Members may also exclude from patentability：各成員也可不對以下發(fā)明授予專利權(quán)：
(a) diagnostic，therapeutic and surgical methods for the treatment of humans or animals；
人類或動物的診斷、治療和外科手術(shù)方法；
 
(b) plants and animals other than micro-organisms, and essentially biological processes for the production of plants or animals other than non-biological and microbiological processes. However，Members shall provide for the protection of plant varieties either by patents or by an effective sui generis system or by any combination thereof. The provisions of this subparagraph shall be reviewed four years after the date of entry into force of the WTO Agreement.
除微生物外的植物和動物，以及除了生物和微生物之外的生產(chǎn)植物或動物實(shí)質(zhì)上屬于生物的方法。但是，各成員應(yīng)規(guī)定用專利或一種專門有效的特殊制度或通過這兩者的綜合運(yùn)用來保護(hù)植物品種。本項(xiàng)的規(guī)定應(yīng)在《WTO協(xié)定》生效之日4年后進(jìn)行審議。
 
Article 28  Rights Conferred第28條  授予的權(quán)利
1. A patent shall confer on its owner the following exclusive rights：
一專利應(yīng)賦予其所有權(quán)人以下專有權(quán)：
 
(a) where the subject matter of a patent is a product，to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from the acts of：making，using，offering for sale，selling，or importing6 for these purposes that product；
如若一專利的客體是產(chǎn)品，則防止第三方未經(jīng)其同意而進(jìn)行制造、使用、標(biāo)價(jià)出售、銷售或?yàn)檫@些目的而進(jìn)口6該產(chǎn)品的行為；
 
(b) where the subject matter of a patent is a process, to prevent third parties not having the owner's consent from the act of using the process, and from the acts of：using，offering for sale，selling，or importing for these purposes at least the product obtained directly by that process.
如若一專利的客體是一方法，則防止第三方未經(jīng)其同意而使用該方法的行為，或使用、標(biāo)價(jià)出售、銷售或?yàn)檫@些目的而進(jìn)口至少是以此方法直接獲得產(chǎn)品的行為。
 
2. Patent owners shall also have the right to assign, or transfer by succession，the patent and to conclude licensing contracts.
專利所有權(quán)人還應(yīng)有權(quán)轉(zhuǎn)讓或以繼承方式轉(zhuǎn)移該專利并簽訂許可合同。
 
Article 29  Conditions on Patent Applicants第29條  專利申請人的條件
1. Members shall require that an applicant for a patent shall disclose the invention in a manner sufficiently clear and complete for the invention to be carried out by a person skilled in the art and may require the applicant to indicate the best mode for carrying out the invention known to the inventor at the filing date or，where priority is claimed，at the priority date of the application.
各成員應(yīng)要求專利申請人以足夠清楚和完整的方式披露其發(fā)明，以使本專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)人員能夠?qū)嵤┰擁?xiàng)發(fā)明，并可要求申請人在申請之日或在要求優(yōu)先權(quán)時(shí)，在申請的優(yōu)先之日表明發(fā)明人所知的實(shí)施該發(fā)明的最佳方式。
 
2. Members may require an applicant for a patent to provide information concerning the applicant's corresponding foreign applications and grants.
各成員可要求專利申請人就其相應(yīng)的國外申請與授予情況提供信息。
 
Article 30  Exceptions to Rights Conferred第30條  授予權(quán)利的例外
Members may provide limited exceptions to the exclusive rights conferred by a patent， provided that such exceptions do not unreasonably conflict with a normal exploitation of the patent and do not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interests of the patent owner， taking account of the legitimate interests of third parties.
各成員可以對專利賦予的專有權(quán)規(guī)定有限的例外，只要這種例外不會與對專利的正常利用發(fā)生不合理地沖突，也不會不合理地?fù)p害專利所有權(quán)人的合法權(quán)益，同時(shí)考慮第三方的合法權(quán)益。
 
Article 31  Other Use Without Authorization of the Right Holder
第31條  未經(jīng)權(quán)利持有人授權(quán)的其他使用
 
Where the law of a Member allows for other use7 of the subject matter of a patent without the authorization of the right holder，including use by the government or third parties authorized by the government，the following provisions shall be respected：
如若一成員的法律允許未經(jīng)權(quán)利持有人授權(quán)即可對一專利的客體作其他使用，7包括政府或經(jīng)政府授權(quán)的第三方的使用，則應(yīng)遵照以下規(guī)定：
 
(a) authorization of such use shall be considered on its individual merits；
授權(quán)這種使用應(yīng)一事一議；
 
(b) such use may only be permitted if，prior to such use，the proposed user has made efforts to obtain authorization from the right holder on reasonable commercial terms and conditions and that such efforts have not been successful within a reasonable period of time. This requirement may be waived by a Member in the case of a national emergencyor other circumstances of extreme urgency or in cases of public non-commercial use. In situations of national emergency or other circumstances of extreme urgency，the right holder shall，nevertheless，be notified as soon as reasonably practicable. In the case of public non-commercial use，where the government or contractor，without making a patent search，knows or has demonstrable grounds to know that a valid patent is or will be used by or for the government，the right holder shall be informed promptly；
只有當(dāng)擬使用者在這種使用前已按合理的商業(yè)條款和條件努力從權(quán)利持有人處獲得授權(quán)，并在合理的時(shí)間內(nèi)未得到這種允許時(shí)，才可允許這種使用。在全國處于緊急狀態(tài)或其他極端緊迫狀態(tài)的情況下，或公共非商業(yè)性使用的情況下，一成員可豁免此要求。盡管如此，在全國處于緊急狀態(tài)或其他極端緊迫狀態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)盡快通知權(quán)利持有人。在公共非商業(yè)性使用的情況下，如若政府或合約方未作專利查詢即知道或有明顯的理由知道一有效專利正在或?qū)⒁�被政府或�(yàn)檎�府使用，則應(yīng)迅速告知權(quán)利持有人；
 
(c) the scope and duration of such use shall be limited to the purpose for which it was authorized，and in the case of semi-conductor technology shall only be for public non-commercial use or to remedy a practice determined after judicial or administrative process to be anti-competitive；
(a)  這種使用的范圍和期限應(yīng)限于被授權(quán)的目的，如若是半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)，則只能應(yīng)用于公共
商業(yè)性使用，或用于補(bǔ)救司法或行政程序確定為反競爭的做法；
 
(d) such use shall be non-exclusive；這種使用應(yīng)是非獨(dú)占性的；
 
(e) such use shall be non-assignable，except with that part of the enterprise or goodwill which enjoys such use；
這種使用應(yīng)是不可轉(zhuǎn)讓的，除非連同享有這種使用的那部分企業(yè)或商譽(yù)一起轉(zhuǎn)讓；
 
(f) any such use shall be authorized predominantly for the supply of the domestic market of the Member authorizing such use；
任何這種使用的授權(quán)應(yīng)主要為了供應(yīng)該授權(quán)這種使用的成員的國內(nèi)市場；
 
(g) authorization for such use shall be liable, subject to adequate protection of the legitimate interests of the persons so authorized, to be terminated if and when the circumstances which led to it cease to exist and are unlikely to recur. The competent authority shall have the authority to review，upon motivated request，the continued existence of these circumstances；
在充分保護(hù)被授權(quán)人合法權(quán)益的前提下，如若當(dāng)導(dǎo)致這種使用的情形已不復(fù)存在且不可能再出現(xiàn)時(shí)，則有關(guān)這種使用的授權(quán)應(yīng)終止。在收到有關(guān)請求時(shí)，主管當(dāng)局應(yīng)有權(quán)審查這些情形是否繼續(xù)存在；
 
(h) the right holder shall be paid adequate remuneration in the circumstances of each case，taking into account the economic value of the authorization；
在每一種情形下應(yīng)支付權(quán)利持有人適當(dāng)?shù)膱?bào)酬，同時(shí)考慮有關(guān)授權(quán)的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值；
 
(i) the legal validity of any decision relating to the authorization of such use shall be subject to judicial review or other independent review by a distinct higher authority in that Member；
任何有關(guān)這種使用決定的法律有效性須經(jīng)過司法審查，或經(jīng)過該成員中上一級有關(guān)當(dāng)局的獨(dú)立審查；
 
(j) any decision relating to the remuneration provided in respect of such use shall be subject to judicial review or other independent review by a distinct higher authority in that Member；
任何就這種使用提供報(bào)酬的有關(guān)決定應(yīng)經(jīng)過司法審查或該成員中上級有關(guān)當(dāng)局的獨(dú)立審查；
 
(k) Members are not obliged to apply the conditions set forth in subparagraphs (b) and (f) where such use is permitted to remedy a practice determined after judicial or administrative process to be anti-competitive. The need to correct anti-competitive practices may be taken into account in determining the amount of remuneration in such cases. Competent authorities shall have the authority to refuse termination of authorization if and when the conditions which led to such authorization are likely to recur；
如若允許該使用是為了補(bǔ)救司法或行政程序確定的反競爭做法，則各成員沒有義務(wù)適用(b)項(xiàng)和(f)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的條件。在確定這種情況下的報(bào)酬金額時(shí)，可考慮糾正反競爭做法的需要。如若導(dǎo)致授權(quán)的條件可能再此出現(xiàn)，則主管當(dāng)局有權(quán)拒絕終止授權(quán)；
 
(l) where such use is authorized to permit the exploitation of a patent (“the second patent”) which cannot be exploited without infringing another patent (“the first patent”)，the following additional conditions shall apply：
如若授權(quán)這種使用是為了允許利用一項(xiàng)專利(“第二專利”)，而該項(xiàng)專利的利用不得不侵犯另一項(xiàng)專利(“第一專利”)，則下列額外條件應(yīng)適用：
 
(i) the invention claimed in the second patent shall involve an important technical advance of considerable economic significance in relation to the invention claimed in the first patent：
與第一專利中要求的發(fā)明相比，第二專利中要求的發(fā)明應(yīng)包含重要的、具有重大經(jīng)濟(jì)意義的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。
 
(ii) the owner of the first patent shall be entitled to a cross-licence on reasonable terms to use the invention claimed in the second patent：and
第一專利的所有人應(yīng)有權(quán)以合理的條件通過交叉許可而使用第二專利具有的發(fā)明；
 
(iii) the use authorized in respect of the first patent shall be non-assignable except with the assignment of the second patent.
就第一專利授權(quán)的使用不得轉(zhuǎn)讓，除非與第二專利一起轉(zhuǎn)讓。
 
Article 32  Revocation/Forfeiture第32條  撤銷/無效
An opportunity for judicial review of any decision to revoke or forfeit a patent shall be available.
對任何有關(guān)撤銷或宣布一項(xiàng)專利無效的決定應(yīng)有機(jī)會進(jìn)行司法審查。
 
Article 33  Term of Protection第33條  保護(hù)期限
The term of protection available shall not end before the expiration of a period of twenty years counted from the filing date.8
可獲得的有效保護(hù)期限不應(yīng)自申請之日8起計(jì)算的20年期限屆滿前到期。
 
Article 34  Process Patents: Burden of Proof第34條  方法專利：舉證責(zé)任
1. For the purposes of civil proceedings in respect of the infringement of the rights of the owner referred to in paragraph 1(b) of Article 28，if the subject matter of a patent is a process for obtaining a product，the judicial authorities shall have the authority to order the defendant to prove that the process to obtain an identical product is different from the patented process. Therefore，Members shall provide，in at least one of the following circumstances，that any identical product when produced without the consent of the patent owner shall，in the absence of proof to the contrary，be deemed to have been obtained by the patented process：
就第28條第1款(b)項(xiàng)所指的侵害所有權(quán)人權(quán)利的民事訴訟而言，如若一項(xiàng)專利的客體是獲得一種產(chǎn)品的方法，司法當(dāng)局應(yīng)有權(quán)責(zé)令被告證明其獲得相同產(chǎn)品的方法與已獲專利的方法不同。因此，各成員應(yīng)規(guī)定至少在下列一種情況下，任何未經(jīng)專利權(quán)所有人同意而生產(chǎn)的相同產(chǎn)品，若無相反證明，則應(yīng)被視為是通過已獲專利方法而獲得的：
 
(a) if the product obtained by the patented process is new；
若通過已獲專利方法而獲得的產(chǎn)品是新的；
 
(b) if there is a substantial likelihood that the identical product was made by the process and the owner of the patent has been unable through reasonable efforts to determine the process actually used.
如若存在實(shí)質(zhì)性的可能性表明該相同產(chǎn)品是由該方法生產(chǎn)的，而專利權(quán)所有人經(jīng)過合理的努力仍不能確定事實(shí)使用了該方法。
 
2. Any Member shall be free to provide that the burden of proof indicated in paragraph 1 shall be on the alleged infringer only if the condition referred to in subparagraph (a) is fulfilled or only if the condition referred to in subparagraph (b) is fulfilled.
只有滿足(a)項(xiàng)或(b)項(xiàng)所指條件，任何成員才有權(quán)規(guī)定第1款所指的舉證責(zé)任由被指控的侵權(quán)人承擔(dān)。
 
3. In the adduction of proof to the contrary, the legitimate interests of defendants in protecting their manufacturing and business secrets shall be taken into account.
在引用相反證據(jù)時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮被告在保護(hù)其制造和商業(yè)秘密方面的合法權(quán)益。
 
SECTION 6: LAYOUT-DESIGNS (TOPOGRAPHIES) OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
第6節(jié)：集成電路布圖設(shè)計(jì)(拓?fù)鋱D)
 
Article 35  Relation to the IPIC Treaty
第35條  與《關(guān)于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》的關(guān)系
 
Members agree to provide protection to the layout-designs (topographies) of integrated circuits (referred to in this Agreement as “layout-designs”) in accordance with Articles 2 through 7 (other than paragraph 3 of Article 6), Article 12 and paragraph 3 of Article 16 of the Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits and，in addition，to comply with the following provisions.
各成員同意按照《關(guān)于集成電路的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》中第2至第7條(第6條第3款除外)，以及第12條和第16條第3款，對集成電路的布圖設(shè)計(jì)(拓?fù)鋱D)(本協(xié)定中稱為“布圖設(shè)計(jì)”)提供保護(hù)，此外，還同意遵守以下規(guī)定。
 
Article 36  Scope of the Protection第36條  保護(hù)范圍
Subject to the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 37，Members shall consider unlawful the following acts if performed without the authorization of the right holder：9 importing， selling，or otherwise distributing for commercial purposes a protected layout-design，an integrated circuit in which a protected layout-design is incorporated，or an article incorporating such an integrated circuit only in so far as it continues to contain an unlawfully reproduced layout-design.
在遵守第37條第1款規(guī)定的前提下，各成員應(yīng)視下列未經(jīng)權(quán)利持有人9授權(quán)的行為為非法：為商業(yè)目的進(jìn)口、銷售、或分銷受保護(hù)的布圖設(shè)計(jì)、含有受保護(hù)的布圖設(shè)計(jì)的集成電路、或含有這種集成電路的物品，只要該集成電路仍然含有非法復(fù)制的布圖設(shè)計(jì)。
 
Article 37  Acts Not Requiring the Authorization of the Right Holder
第37條  無需權(quán)利持有人授權(quán)的行為
 
1. Notwithstanding Article 36，no Member shall consider unlawful the performance of any of the acts referred to in that Article in respect of an integrated circuit incorporating an unlawfully reproduced layout-design or any article incorporating such an integrated circuit where the person performing or ordering such acts did not know and had no reasonable ground to know，when acquiring the integrated circuit or article incorporating such an integrated circuit，that it incorporated an unlawfully reproduced layout-design. Members shall provide that，after the time that such person has received sufficient notice that the layout-design was unlawfully reproduced，that person may perform any of the acts with respect to the stock on hand or ordered before such time，but shall be liable to pay to the right holder a sum equivalent to a reasonable royalty such as would be payable under a freely negotiated licence in respect of such a layout-design.
盡管有第36條的規(guī)定，但如若從事或命令從事該條所指的與含有非法復(fù)制的布圖設(shè)計(jì)的集成電路或含有這種集成電路的物品有關(guān)的人  在獲得該集成電路或含有該集成電路的物品時(shí)，不知道且沒有合理的理由知道其中包含這種非法復(fù)制的布圖設(shè)計(jì)，則任何成員不應(yīng)將從事該條所指的任何行為視為非法。各成員應(yīng)規(guī)定，在此人收到關(guān)于該布圖設(shè)計(jì)被非法復(fù)制的充分通知后，可對現(xiàn)有的存貨及此前的訂貨采取任何行動，但有責(zé)任向權(quán)利持有人支付一筆金額，該金額相當(dāng)于就該布圖設(shè)計(jì)自愿達(dá)成的許可協(xié)議應(yīng)付的合理提成費(fèi)。
 
2. The conditions set out in subparagraphs (a) through (k) of Article 31 shall apply mutatis mutandis in the event of any non-voluntary licensing of a layout-design or of its use by or for the government without the authorization of the right holder.
2．第31條(a)至(k)項(xiàng)規(guī)定的條件在作不要的修改后應(yīng)適用于任何有關(guān)布圖設(shè)計(jì)的非自愿許可情形或任何未經(jīng)權(quán)利持有人授權(quán)而被政府或?yàn)檎�府而使用的情形�?br />  
Article 38  Term of Protection第38條  保護(hù)期限
1. In Members requiring registration as a condition of protection，the term of protection of layout-designs shall not end before the expiration of a period of 10 years counted from the date of filing an application for registration or from the first commercial exploitation wherever in the world it occurs.
在要求以注冊作為保護(hù)條件的成員中，布圖設(shè)計(jì)的保護(hù)期限不應(yīng)在從提交注冊申請之日起，或從第一次在世界上任何地方將其投入商業(yè)利用之日時(shí)計(jì)算10年期限屆滿前終止。
 
2. In Members not requiring registration as a condition for protection, layout-designs shall be protected for a term of no less than 10 years from the date of the first commercial exploitation wherever in the world it occurs.
在不要求以注冊為保護(hù)條件的成員中，布圖設(shè)計(jì)的保護(hù)期限不得少于從其第一次在世界上任何地方將其投入商業(yè)利用之日起計(jì)算的1O年。
 
3. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 and 2，a Member may provide that protection shall lapse 15 years after the creation of the layout-design.
盡管有第l款和第2款的規(guī)定，一成員仍可規(guī)定保護(hù)應(yīng)在布圖設(shè)計(jì)創(chuàng)作15年后終止。
 
SECTION 7: PROTECTION OF UNDISCLOSED INFORMATION
第7節(jié)  對未披露信息的保護(hù)
 
Article 39第39條
1. In the course of ensuring effective protection against unfair competition as provided in Article 10bis of the Paris Convention (1967), Members shall protect undisclosed information in accordance with paragraph 2 and data submitted to governments or governmental agencies in accordance with paragraph 3.
在確保有效保護(hù)《巴黎公約》(1967)第10條之二所規(guī)定的不公平競爭的過程中，各成員應(yīng)根據(jù)第2款對未披露信息和根據(jù)第3款對提交給政府或政府機(jī)構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)提供保護(hù)。
 
2. Natural and legal persons shall have the possibility of preventing information lawfully within their control from being disclosed to, acquired by, or used by others without their consent in a manner contrary to honest commercial practices10 so long as such information：
自然人和法人應(yīng)有可能防止其合法控制的信息在未經(jīng)其同意的情況下，以違反誠實(shí)商業(yè)作法的方式10向他人披露，或被他人獲得或使用，只要該信息：
 
(a) is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the precise configuration and assembly of its components, generally known among or readily accessible to persons within the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in question；
是保密的，即無論作為一個(gè)整體還是就其各部分持的精確排列和組合而言，該信息尚不為通常處理該信息范圍內(nèi)的人所普遍知曉，或不易被他們獲得；
 
(b) has commercial value because it is secret；and因其保密而具有商業(yè)價(jià)值；并且
 
(c) has been subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances，by the person lawfully in control of the information，to keep it secret.
由該信息的合法控制人在當(dāng)時(shí)的情況下采取合理的步驟以保持其秘密性。
 
3. Members，when requiring，as a condition of approving the marketing of pharmaceutical
or of agricultural chemical products which utilize new chemical entities，the submission of undisclosed test or other data，the origination of which involves a considerable effort，shall protect such data against unfair commercial use. In addition，Members shall protect such data against disclosure，except where necessary to protect the public，or unless steps are taken to ensure that the data are protected against unfair commercial use.
各成員如要求提交，作為批準(zhǔn)銷售使用新型化學(xué)實(shí)體而制造的藥品或農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)品的條件，需提交通過巨大努力取得的未披露的試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)或其他數(shù)據(jù)，則應(yīng)保該類數(shù)據(jù)，以防止不正當(dāng)商業(yè)利用。此外，各成員應(yīng)保護(hù)這些數(shù)據(jù)不被披露，或除非為保護(hù)公眾的需要，或除非已采取措施確保該數(shù)據(jù)不被不正當(dāng)?shù)厣虡I(yè)利用。
 
 
5就本條目的而言，一成員可把“發(fā)明性步驟”和“能進(jìn)行工業(yè)應(yīng)用”這兩個(gè)術(shù)語分別理解為與“非顯見性的”和“有用的”這兩個(gè)術(shù)語同義。
6本權(quán)利，連同本協(xié)定項(xiàng)下授予的關(guān)于使用、銷售、進(jìn)口物品或分銷貨物的權(quán)利一樣，應(yīng)遵守第6條的規(guī)定。
7 “其他使用”是指除第30條允許以外的使用。
8據(jù)理解，沒有原始授予制度的成員可規(guī)定保護(hù)期限應(yīng)自原始授予制度中的申請之日起計(jì)算。
9本節(jié)中的“權(quán)利持有人”這一術(shù)語應(yīng)理解為與《IPIC條約》中的“權(quán)利的持有人”這一術(shù)語含義相同。
10就本規(guī)定之目的而言，“違反誠實(shí)商業(yè)做法的方式”應(yīng)至少包括以下做法：如違約，泄密和違約誘導(dǎo)，并包括第三方獲得未披露的信息，而該第三方知道或因嚴(yán)重疏忽而未能知道這種獲得涉及這些做法。