CONVENTION ON THE LAW APPLICABLE TO CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
 
opened for signature in Rome on 19 June 1980 （1980年6月19日訂于羅馬）
 
PREAMBLE序言
CONTENT 目 錄
TITLE I  SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇　公約的適用范圍
　Article 1 Scope of the Convention 　第一條　公約的適用范圍
TITLE I  SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇　公約的適用范圍
Article 1 Scope of the Convention 　第一條　公約的適用范圍
Article 2 Application of law of non-contracting States 第二條　非締約國法律的適用
 
TITLE II  UNIFORM RULES第二篇　統(tǒng)一規(guī)則
Article 3 Freedom of choice 第三條　法律選擇的自由
Article 4 Applicable law in the absence of choice 第四條　未作選擇適用的法律
Article 5 Certain consumer contracts 　　第五條　某些消費(fèi)者合同
Article 6 Individual employment contracts 　　第六條　個(gè)人雇傭合同
Article 7 Mandatory rules 　　第七條　強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定
Article 8 Material validity 　　第八條　合同實(shí)質(zhì)的有效性
Article 9 Formal validity 　　第九條　合同形式的有效性
Article 10 Scope of the applicable law 　第十條　可以適用的法律的適用范圍
Article 11 Incapacity 　　第十一條　無行為能力
Article 12 Voluntary assignment 　第十二條　自愿轉(zhuǎn)讓
Article 13 Subrogation 　　第十三條　代位求償權(quán)
Article 14 Burden of proof, etc.　　第十四條　舉證責(zé)任等事項(xiàng)
Article 15 Exclusion of renvoi 第十五條　反致的排除
Article 16 "Ordre public" 第十六條　“公共秩序”
Article 17 No retrospective effect 　第十七條　無追溯效力
Article 18 Uniform interpretation 　第十八條　統(tǒng)一解釋
Article 19 States with more than one legal system 　第十九條　有超過一個(gè)的法律制度的國家
Article 20 Precedence of Community law 　第二十條　共同體法的優(yōu)先適用
Article 21 Relationship with other conventions 　第二十一條　同其他公約的關(guān)系
Article 22 Reservations 第二十二條　保留
 
TITLE III FINAL PROVISIONS 第三篇　最后條款
Article 23第二十三條
Article 24第二十四條
Article 25　第二十五條　
Article 26第二十六條
Article 27　第二十七條
Article 28　第二十八條
Article 29第二十九條
Article 30　第三十條
Article 31　第三十一條
PROTOCOL附一　議定書
JOINT DECLARATION 附二　聯(lián)合聲明
JOINT DECLARATION 附三　聯(lián)合聲明
 
TITLE I  SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇　公約的適用范圍
Article 1 Scope of the Convention 　第一條　公約的適用范圍
 
THE HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, ANXIOUS to continue in the field of private international law the work of unification of law which has already been done within the Community, in particular in the field of jurisdiction and enforcement of judgments, WISHING to establish uniform rules concerning the law applicable to contractual obligations, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
締結(jié)歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體條約的各締約國，切望繼續(xù)進(jìn)行在共同體內(nèi)已經(jīng)進(jìn)行過的國際私法領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的統(tǒng)一法律工作，尤其是在管轄權(quán)及判決的執(zhí)行方面的統(tǒng)一法律工作，愿意就有關(guān)合同債務(wù)適用的法律方面制訂統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則，現(xiàn)達(dá)成協(xié)議如下：
 
TITLE I  SCOPE OF THE CONVENTION 第一篇　公約的適用范圍
Article 1 Scope of the Convention 　第一條　公約的適用范圍
1. The rules of this Convention shall apply to contractual obligations in any situation involving a choice between the laws of different countries.
（一）本公約的規(guī)定適用于任何涉及須選擇采用不同國家法律的情況的合同義務(wù)。
 
 
　2. They shall not apply to:�。ǘ�）本公約不適用于：
1．涉及自然人的身份或法律行為能力的問題，但不影響第十一條的規(guī)定。
(a) questions involving the status or legal capacity of natural persons, without prejudice to Article 11;
 
(b) contractual obligations relating to:-　2．有關(guān)下列各項(xiàng)的合同義務(wù)
wills and succession, 遺囑及繼承，
rights in property arising out of a matrimonial relationship, 因婚姻關(guān)系而發(fā)生的財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)，
 
因家庭關(guān)系、親子關(guān)系、婚姻或姻親關(guān)系而發(fā)生的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，包括對非婚生子女的扶養(yǎng)義務(wù)；
rights and duties arising out of a family relationship, parentage, marriage or affinity, including maintenance obligations in respect of children who are not legitimate;
 
(c) obligations arising under bills of exchange, cheques and promissory notes and other negotiable instruments to the extent that the obligations under such other negotiable instruments arise out of their negotiable character;
3．因匯票、支票和期票而發(fā)生的義務(wù)及其他流通票據(jù)因其流通性質(zhì)而發(fā)生的義務(wù)；
 
(d) arbitration agreements and agreements on the choice of court;
4．仲裁協(xié)議及選擇法院的協(xié)議；
 
(e) questions governed by the law of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporate such as the creation, by registration or otherwise, legal capacity, internal organization or winding up of companies and other bodies corporate or unincorporate and the personal liability of officers and members as such for the obligations of the company or body;
5．由公司法和其他關(guān)于法人團(tuán)體或非法人團(tuán)體的法律所支配的問題，諸如無論根據(jù)登記或其他方式，公司和其他法人團(tuán)體或非法人團(tuán)體的創(chuàng)設(shè)，其法律行為能力、內(nèi)部組織、歇業(yè)清理以及其高級職員及成員，由于其職務(wù)及組織關(guān)系對公司或法人所負(fù)債務(wù)的個(gè)人責(zé)任；
 
(f) the question whether an agent is able to bind a principal, or an organ to bind a company or body corporate or unincorporate, to a third party;
6．代理人是否能使委托人對第三人承擔(dān)義務(wù)，或代理機(jī)構(gòu)能否使公司或法人團(tuán)體或非法人團(tuán)體對第三人承擔(dān)義務(wù)的問題；
 
(g) the constitution of trusts and the relationship between settlors, trustees and beneficiaries;
7．信托的設(shè)立以及信托財(cái)產(chǎn)的授予人、受托人和信托受益人之間的關(guān)系；
 
(h) evidence and procedure, without prejudice to Article 14.
8．證據(jù)和訴訟程序，但不影響第十四條的規(guī)定。
 
3. The rules of this Convention do not apply to contracts of insurance which cover risks situated in the territories of the Member States of the European Economic Community. In order to determine whether a risk is situated in these territories the court shall apply its internal law.
（三）本公約的規(guī)定不適用于承保位于共同體成員國領(lǐng)土內(nèi)之風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)合同，為確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是否位于這些領(lǐng)土之內(nèi)，法院應(yīng)適用其國內(nèi)法。
 
4. The preceding paragraph does not apply to contracts of re-insurance.
（四）前款規(guī)定不適用于再保險(xiǎn)合同。
 
Article 2 Application of law of non-contracting States 第二條　非締約國法律的適用
Any law specified by this Convention shall be applied whether or not it is the law of a Contracting State.
凡公約指定適用的法律，無論其是否締約國的法律，均應(yīng)予以適用。
 
TITLE II  UNIFORM RULES第二篇　統(tǒng)一規(guī)則
Article 3 Freedom of choice 第三條　法律選擇的自由
1. A contract shall be governed by the law chosen by the parties. The choice must be expressed or demonstrated with reasonable certainty by the terms of the contract or the circumstances of the case. By their choice the parties can select the law applicable to the whole or a part only of the contract.
一、合同依當(dāng)事人選擇的法律。法律選擇必須通過合同條款或具體情況相當(dāng)明確地加以表示或表明。雙方當(dāng)事人可自行選擇適用于合同的全部或部分的法律。
 
2. The parties may at any time agree to subject the contract to a law other than that which previously governed it, whether as a result of an earlier choice under this Article or of other provisions of this Convention. Any variation by the parties of the law to be applied made after the conclusion of the contract shall not prejudice its formal validity under Article 9 or adversely affect the rights of third parties.
二、當(dāng)事人得在任何時(shí)候以協(xié)議變更其合同所適用的法律，無論以前適用的法律系根據(jù)本條選擇的結(jié)果或是依本公約其他規(guī)定的結(jié)果。當(dāng)事人于合同簽訂后變更適用的法律不應(yīng)損害第九條規(guī)定的合同形式效力，或?qū)Φ谌�者的�?quán)利造成不利影響。
 
3. The fact that the parties have chosen a foreign law, whether or not accompanied by the choice of a foreign tribunal, shall not, where all the other elements relevant to the situation at the time of the choice are connected with one country only, prejudice the application of rules of the law of that country which cannot be derogated from by contract, hereinafter called "mandatory rules".
三、當(dāng)事人選擇外國法這一事實(shí)，無論其是否同時(shí)選擇外國法庭，如在法律選擇時(shí)一切與當(dāng)事情況有關(guān)的因素僅同一個(gè)國家有關(guān)，不應(yīng)影響該國法律規(guī)定的適用，即該國法律規(guī)定（以下稱“強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定”）其適用不得以合同廢除之。
 
4. The existence and validity of the consent of the parties as to the choice of the applicable law shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Articles 8, 9 and 11.
四、當(dāng)事人對于選擇適用的法律是否同意，有無效力，應(yīng)依第八條、第九條及第十一條的規(guī)定。
 
Article 4 Applicable law in the absence of choice 第四條　未作選擇適用的法律
1. To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country with which it is most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has a closer connection with another country may by way of exception be governed by the law of that other country.
一、凡未依第三條選擇適用法律的合同，依與之有最密切關(guān)系的國家的法律。但合同的可分割的部分如同另一國有較緊密的關(guān)系，則該部分得作為例外，依該其他國家的法律的規(guī)定。
 
2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 5 of this Article, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the party who is to effect the performance which is characteristic of the contract has, at the time of conclusion of the contract, his habitual residence, or, in the case of a body corporate or unincorporate, its central administration. However, if the contract is entered into in the1. To the extent that the law applicable to the contract has not been chosen in accordance with Article 3, the contract shall be governed by the law of the country with which it is most closely connected. Nevertheless, a severable part of the contract which has a closer connection with another country may by way of exception be governed by the law of that other country.
 course of that party's trade or profession, that country shall be the country in which the principal place of business is situated or, where under the terms of the contract the performance is to be effected through a place of business other than the principal place of business, the country in which that other place of business is situated.
二、除本條第五款另有規(guī)定外，應(yīng)推定，在訂立合同時(shí)，承擔(dān)履行該合同特定義務(wù)的當(dāng)事人一方有其慣常居所，或如為法人團(tuán)體或非法人團(tuán)體，則有其管理中心機(jī)構(gòu)的國家，為與合同有最密切關(guān)系的國家。但如合同系在當(dāng)事人進(jìn)行交易或執(zhí)行職業(yè)性職務(wù)的過程中訂立，則與之關(guān)系最密切的國家應(yīng)為主營業(yè)所所在地國家，或如根據(jù)合同的條款，合同的履行地是主營業(yè)所所在地以外的其他營業(yè)所所在地，則應(yīng)為其他營業(yè)所所在地國家。
 
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2 of this Article, to the extent that the subject matter of the contract is a right in immovable property or a right to use immovable property it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with the country where the immovable property is situated.
三、如合同之標(biāo)的為不動產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)，或不動產(chǎn)使用權(quán)，應(yīng)推定與合同有最密切關(guān)系的國家為不動產(chǎn)所在地國家，本條第二款的規(guī)定，不適用之。
 
4. A contract for the carriage of goods shall not be subject to the presumption in paragraph 2. In such a contract if the country in which, at the time the contract is concluded, the carrier has his principal place of business is also the country in which the place of loading or the place of discharge or the principal place of business of the consignor is situated, it shall be presumed that the contract is most closely connected with that country. In applying this paragraph single voyage charter-parties and other contracts the main purpose of which is the carriage of goods shall be treated as contracts for the carriage of goods.
四、貨運(yùn)合同不得適用本條第二款進(jìn)行推定。在此種合同中，如在訂立合同時(shí)，承運(yùn)方有其主營業(yè)所所在地的國家亦為裝運(yùn)地、卸貨地，或發(fā)貨方主營業(yè)所所在地的國家，應(yīng)推定合同與此國家有最密切關(guān)系。適用本條款時(shí)，單程航行的租船合同及主要目的在于貨運(yùn)的其他合同均應(yīng)視作貨運(yùn)合同。
 
5. Paragraph 2 shall not apply if the characteristic performance cannot be determined, and the presumptions in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 shall be disregarded if it appears from the circumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country.
五、如當(dāng)事人承擔(dān)履行的特定義務(wù)不能確定，則第二款不得適用；如從整個(gè)情況看，合同與另一國家的關(guān)系似較為密切，則第二款、第三款、第四款的推定，應(yīng)毋庸議。
 
Article 5 Certain consumer contracts 　　第五條　某些消費(fèi)者合同
1. This Article applies to a contract the object of which is the supply of goods or services to a person ("the consumer") for a purpose which can be regarded as being outside his trade or profession, or a contract for the provision of credit for that object.
一、本條之規(guī)定適用于以向人（消費(fèi)者）提供貨物或勞務(wù)為目的的合同，而此項(xiàng)貨物或勞務(wù)系可被認(rèn)為非供其用于行業(yè)或職業(yè)用途者，或?yàn)樯鲜瞿康亩�提供信貸的合同。
 
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the consumer of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence:
- if in that country the conclusion of the contract was preceded by a specific invitation addressed to him or by advertising, and he had taken in that country all the steps necessary on his part for the conclusion of the contract, or
- if the other party or his agent received the consumer's order in that country, or
- if the contract is for the sale of goods and the consumer travelled from that country to another country and there gave his order, provided that the consumer's journey was arranged by the seller for the purpose of inducing the consumer to buy.
　　二、盡管有第三條的規(guī)定，由雙方當(dāng)事人作出的法律選擇不具有剝奪消費(fèi)者慣常居所國法律的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定所給予他的保護(hù)的后果；
　　如于該國訂立合同是先經(jīng)向消費(fèi)者個(gè)別推銷或通過廣告推銷，然后該消費(fèi)者已于該國采取了在其他方面為訂立合同所需的一切步驟，或
　如另一方或其代理人系于該國收到消費(fèi)者的定單，或
如系售貨合同，消費(fèi)者曾離開該國至另一國提交定單，而消費(fèi)者的旅程又系賣方為導(dǎo)致消費(fèi)者購買之目的而為之安排的。
 
3. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract to which this Article applies shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence if it is entered into in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of this Article.
三、盡管有第四條的規(guī)定，本條適用的合同如未按第三條作出法律選擇，應(yīng)依消費(fèi)者慣常居所地國的法律，倘此合同訂立的情況符合本條第二款的規(guī)定。
 
4. This Article shall not apply to: (a) a contract of carriage;
(b) a contract for the supply of services where the services are to be supplied to the consumer exclusively in a country other than that in which he has his habitual residence.
　　四、本條的規(guī)定不適用于：
　�。ㄒ唬┻\(yùn)輸合同；
（二）對消費(fèi)者提供勞務(wù)的合同，其提供勞務(wù)地系完全在另一國家而不在消費(fèi)者有其慣常居所地的國家。
 
5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 4, this Article shall apply to a contract which, for an inclusive price, provides for a combination of travel and accommodation.
　五、盡管有第四款的規(guī)定。本條適用于按一個(gè)總計(jì)價(jià)格合并提供旅行及膳宿等供應(yīng)的合同。
 
Article 6 Individual employment contracts 　　第六條　個(gè)人雇傭合同
1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 3, in a contract of employment a choice of law made by the parties shall not have the result of depriving the employee of the protection afforded to him by the mandatory rules of the law which would be applicable under paragraph 2 in the absence of choice.
一、盡管有第三條的規(guī)定，在雇傭合同中雙方當(dāng)事人的法律選擇不具有剝奪受雇人由法律的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定給予的保護(hù)的后果，此項(xiàng)強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定即按第二款的規(guī)定于未作法律選擇時(shí)應(yīng)適用的法律的規(guī)定。
 
2. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 4, a contract of employment shall, in the absence of choice in accordance with Article 3, be governed:
(a) by the law of the country in which the employee habitually carries out his work in performance of the contract, even if he is temporarily employed in another country ; or
(b) if the employee does not habitually carry out his work in any one country, by the law of the country in which the place of business through which he was engaged is situated; unless it appears from the circumstances as a whole that the contract is more closely connected with another country, in which case the contract shall be governed by the law of that country.
　　二、盡管有第四條的規(guī)定，雇傭合同未按第三條規(guī)定作出法律選擇時(shí)應(yīng)依：
　�。ㄒ唬┞牡睾贤瑫r(shí)受雇人慣常進(jìn)行其工作地的國家的法律，即使他僅系暫時(shí)受雇于另一國家；或
　�。ǘ�）如受雇人并不慣常于任何一個(gè)國家進(jìn)行工作，則為他所受雇的營業(yè)所所在地國家的法律。
但如從整個(gè)情況看，合同與另一國有更密切的關(guān)系，則此合同應(yīng)依該另一國法。
 
Article 7 Mandatory rules 　　第七條　強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定
1. When applying under this Convention the law of a country, effect may be given to the mandatory rules of the law of another country with which the situation has a close connection, if and in so far as, under the law of the latter country, those rules must be applied whatever the law applicable to the contract. In considering whether to give effect to these mandatory rules, regard shall be had to their nature and purpose and to the consequences of their application or non-application.
一、根據(jù)本公約適用某一國的法律時(shí)，如依其情況，與另一國有著密切的關(guān)系，則該另一國法律的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定，得認(rèn)為有效，但必須依該另一國的法律，亦不論何種法律適用于該合同，均必須適用此種強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定時(shí)為限。在考慮是否認(rèn)為此種強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定為有效時(shí)，應(yīng)注意此種規(guī)定的性質(zhì)和目的，以及其適用或不適用的后果。
 
2. Nothing in this Convention shall restrict the application of the rules of the law of the forum in a situation where they are mandatory irrespective of the law otherwise applicable to the contract.
二、本公約并不限制適用法院地法的強(qiáng)制性規(guī)定，不管原應(yīng)適用于該合同的什么法律。
 
Article 8 Material validity 　　第八條　合同實(shí)質(zhì)的有效性
1. The existence and validity of a contract, or of any term of a contract, shall be determined by the law which would govern it under this Convention if the contract or term were valid.
一、合同或合同任何條款的存在及效力，根據(jù)依本公約應(yīng)適用的法律而定，如該合同或條款已屬有效。
 
2. Nevertheless a party may rely upon the law of the country in which he has his habitual residence to establish that he did not consent if it appears from the circumstances that it would not be reasonable to determine the effect of his conduct in accordance with the law specified in the preceding paragraph.
二、但如情況表明，按前款規(guī)定以確定其行為的效力為不合理時(shí)，任何一方當(dāng)事人得援用其慣常居所地法以確證他并未承擔(dān)合同義務(wù)。
 
Article 9 Formal validity 　　第九條　合同形式的有效性
1. A contract concluded between persons who are in the same country is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of the country where it is concluded.
一、在同一國家的當(dāng)事人之間訂立的合同，如符合依本公約應(yīng)適用的法律，或符合合同成立地國法所要求的形式要件，則形式為有效。
 
2. A contract concluded between persons who are in different countries is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which governs it under this Convention or of the law of one of those countries.
二、在不同國家的當(dāng)事人之間訂立的合同，如符合依本公約應(yīng)適用的法律或符合該不同國家之一的法律所要求的形式要件，則形式為有效。
 
3. Where a contract is concluded by an agent, the country in which the agent acts is the relevant country for the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2.
三、如合同為代理人所訂立，第一款和第二款所稱之國家，為代理人行為地國。
 
4. An act intended to have legal effect relating to an existing or contemplated contract is formally valid if it satisfies the formal requirements of the law which under this Convention governs or would govern the contract or of the law of the country where the act was done.
四、與現(xiàn)有的或正在商訂的合同有關(guān)的法律行為，如符合依本公約應(yīng)適用的法律，或?qū)⑦m用的法律，或符合行為地國法所要求的形式要件，則形式為有效。
 
5. The provisions of the preceding paragraphs shall not apply to a contract to which Article 5 applies, concluded in the circumstances described in paragraph 2 of Article 5. The formal validity of such a contract is governed by the law of the country in which the consumer has his habitual residence.
五、上列各款規(guī)定不適用于在第五條第二款所述情況下訂立，應(yīng)適用第五條規(guī)定的合同。此種合同的形式的有效性依消費(fèi)者慣常居所地國的法律。
 
6. Notwithstanding paragraphs 1 to 4 of this Article, a contract the subject matter of which is a right in immovable property or a right to use immovable property shall be subject to the mandatory requirements of form of the law of the country where the property is situated if by that law those requirements are imposed irrespective of the country where the contract is concluded and irrespective of the law governing the contract.
六、雖然有本條第一款至第四款的規(guī)定，合同標(biāo)的如為不動產(chǎn)產(chǎn)權(quán)或不動產(chǎn)使用權(quán)，應(yīng)服從不動產(chǎn)所在地國法的強(qiáng)制性形式要求，如依該法不管合同在何國訂立，也不管支配合同的法律是什么，均須符合此項(xiàng)形式要求。
 
Article 10 Scope of the applicable law 　第十條　可以適用的法律的適用范圍
1. The law applicable to a contract by virtue of Articles 3 to 6 and 12 of this Convention shall govern in particular:
(a) interpretation;
(b) performance;
(c) within the limits of the powers conferred on the court by its procedural law, the consquences of breach, including the assessment of damages in so far as it is governed by rules of law;
(d) the various ways of extinguishing obligations, and prescription and limitation of actions;
(e) the consequences of nullity of the contract.
 
　一、依本公約第三條至第六條及第十二條適用于合同的法律，特別是下列各項(xiàng)應(yīng)據(jù)以處理：
　�。ㄒ唬╆P(guān)于解釋；
　�。ǘ�）關(guān)于履行地；
　　（三）在訴訟程序法授予法院的權(quán)力范圍內(nèi)，關(guān)于違背合同的后果，包括依法律的規(guī)定確定損害賠償金額；
　�。ㄋ模╆P(guān)于債務(wù)消滅的各種方法，以及訴訟時(shí)效；
（五）關(guān)于合同無效的后果。
 
2. In relation to the manner of performance and the steps to be taken in the event of defective performance regard shall be had to the law of the country in which performance takes place.
二、關(guān)于履行的方式及在履行具有瑕疵的情況下須采取的步驟，應(yīng)考慮履行地國法律。
 
Article 11 Incapacity 　　第十一條　無行為能力
In a contract concluded between persons who are in the same country, a natural person who would have capacity under the law of that country may invoke his incapacity resulting from another law only if the other party to the contract was aware of this incapacity at the time of the conclusion of the contract or was not aware thereof as a result of negligence.
在同一國家的雙方當(dāng)事人之間訂立的合同中，依該國法律應(yīng)屬具有行為能力的自然人不得依另一國家的法律主張其無行為能力，但合同的另一方，在訂立合同時(shí)，明知或系由于過失而不知其無行為能力時(shí)，不在此限。
 
Article 12 Voluntary assignment 　第十二條　自愿轉(zhuǎn)讓
1. The mutual obligations of assignor and assignee under a voluntary assignment of a right against another person ("the debtor") shall be governed by the law which under this Convention applies to the contract between the assignor and assignee.
一、在對另一人（債務(wù)人）權(quán)利的自愿轉(zhuǎn)讓中，轉(zhuǎn)讓人和受讓人相互間的義務(wù)依本公約應(yīng)適用于轉(zhuǎn)讓人及受讓人間的合同的法律。
 
2. The law governing the right to which the assignment relates shall determine its assignability, the relationship between the assignee and the debtor, the conditions under which the assignment can be invoked against the debtor and any question whether the debtor's obligations have been discharged.
二、支配被轉(zhuǎn)讓的權(quán)利的法律決定轉(zhuǎn)讓的可能性、受讓人和債務(wù)人間的關(guān)系、得向債務(wù)人主張受讓權(quán)利的條件以及涉及債務(wù)人的義務(wù)是否已經(jīng)消除的任何問題。
 
Article 13 Subrogation 　　第十三條　代位求償權(quán)
1. Where a person ("the creditor") has a contractual claim upon another ("the debtor"), and a third person has a duty to satisfy the creditor, or has in fact satisfied the creditor in discharge of that duty, the law which governs the third person's duty to satisfy the creditor shall determine whether the third person is entitled to exercise against the debtor the rights which the creditor had against the debtor under the law governing their relationship and, if so, whether he may do so in full or only to a limited extent.
一、如一人（債權(quán)人）對另一人（債務(wù)人）依合同具有求償權(quán)，而第三人有向債權(quán)人清償債務(wù)的義務(wù)，或事實(shí)上已向債權(quán)人償清此項(xiàng)債務(wù)，則應(yīng)依支配第三人向債權(quán)人清償?shù)牧x務(wù)的法律決定第三人是否有權(quán)對債務(wù)人行使原來債權(quán)人按其同債務(wù)人關(guān)系的法律享有的權(quán)利，以及如第三人有此權(quán)利，則其是否得行使全部權(quán)利或僅行使一定范圍內(nèi)的權(quán)利。
 
2. The same rule applies where several persons are subject to the same contractual claim and one of them has satisfied the creditor.
二、數(shù)人對同一合同的求償權(quán)均負(fù)有清償義務(wù)，而其中一人已向債權(quán)人清償時(shí)，亦適用上款規(guī)定。
 
Article 14 Burden of proof, etc.　　第十四條　舉證責(zé)任等事項(xiàng)
1. The law governing the contract under this Convention applies to the extent that it contains, in the law of contract, rules which raise presumptions of law or determine the burden of proof.
一、依本公約適用于合同的法律，如其關(guān)于合同的規(guī)定中，有涉及法律的推定以及舉證責(zé)任的條款，各該條款亦并予適用。
 
2. A contract or an act intended to have legal effect may be proved by any mode of proof recognized by the law of the forum or by any of the laws referred to in Article 9 under which that contract or act is formally valid, provided that such mode of proof can be administered by the forum.
二、旨在產(chǎn)生法律效力的合同或行為，得以法院地法所承認(rèn)的證明方法證明之，或以依第九條所指的據(jù)以認(rèn)定該合同或行為的方式為有效的法律所承認(rèn)的證明方法證明之。但以此種證明方法能為法院實(shí)施者為限。
 
Article 15 Exclusion of renvoi 第十五條　反致的排除
The application of the law of any country specified by this Convention means the application of the rules of law in force in that country other than its rules of private international law.
凡適用依本公約確定的任何國家的法律，意即適用該國現(xiàn)行的法律規(guī)則而非適用其國際私法規(guī)則。
 
Article 16 "Ordre public" 第十六條　“公共秩序”
The application of a rule of the law of any country specified by this Convention may be refused only if such application is manifestly incompatible with the public policy ("ordre public") of the forum.
凡依本公約規(guī)定所適用的任何國家的法律，只有其適用明顯地違背法院地國的公共秩序時(shí)，方可予以拒絕適用。
 
　Article 17 No retrospective effect 　第十七條　無追溯效力
This Convention shall apply in a Contracting State to contracts made after the date on which this Convention has entered into force with respect to that State.
本公約應(yīng)適用于在締約國中于本公約對該國生效后訂立的合同。
 
　Article 18 Uniform interpretation 　第十八條　統(tǒng)一解釋
In the interpretation and application of the preceding uniform rules, regard shall be had to their international character and to the desirability of achieving uniformity in their interpretation and application.
在解釋和適用上述的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮到統(tǒng)一規(guī)定的國際性質(zhì)以及在其解釋上和適用上以盡可能取得統(tǒng)一為宜。
 
Article 19 States with more than one legal system 　第十九條　有超過一個(gè)的法律制度的國家
1. Where a State comprises several territorial units each of which has its own rules of law in respect of contractual obligations, each territorial unit shall be considered as a country for the purposes of identifying the law applicable under this Convention.
一、如一國包括幾個(gè)領(lǐng)土單位，每個(gè)領(lǐng)土單位在合同債務(wù)方面各有其自己的法律規(guī)則，則依本公約確定應(yīng)適用的法律時(shí)，每個(gè)領(lǐng)土單位應(yīng)認(rèn)為是一個(gè)國家。
 
2. A State within which different territorial units have their own rules of law in respect of contractual obligations shall not be bound to apply this Convention to conflicts solely between the laws of such units.
二、一國內(nèi)的不同領(lǐng)土單位在合同義務(wù)方面各有其自己的法律規(guī)則時(shí)，對于純屬此種領(lǐng)土單位之間的法律沖突，不受適用本公約的約束。
 
Article 20 Precedence of Community law 　第二十條　共同體法的優(yōu)先適用
This Convention shall not affect the application of provisions which, in relation to particular matters, lay down choice of law rules relating to contractual obligations and which are or will be contained in acts of the institutions of the European Communities or in national laws harmonized in implementation of such acts.
本公約不影響現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來包含在歐洲共同體各機(jī)構(gòu)法規(guī)中的，或?yàn)閰f(xié)調(diào)實(shí)施此種法規(guī)的國內(nèi)法中的有關(guān)特定事項(xiàng)而制定的關(guān)于合同義務(wù)的法律選擇規(guī)則條款的適用。
 
　Article 21 Relationship with other conventions 　第二十一條　同其他公約的關(guān)系
This Convention shall not prejudice the application of international conventions to which a Contracting State is, or becomes, a party.
本公約不妨礙現(xiàn)在或?qū)�來以締約國為一方的國際公約的適用。
 
Article 22 Reservations 第二十二條　保留
1. Any Contracting State may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance or approval, reserve the right not to apply:
(a) the provisions of Article 7 (1);
(b) the provisions of Article 10 (1) (e).
　　一、任何締約國在簽署、批準(zhǔn)、接受或認(rèn)可時(shí)得保留不適用下列條款的權(quán)利：
　�。ㄒ唬┑谄邨l第一款的規(guī)定；
（二）第十條第一款第五項(xiàng)的規(guī)定。
 
2. Any Contracting State may also, when notifying an extension of the Convention in accordance with Article 27 (2), make one or more of these reservations, with its effect limited to all or some of the territories mentioned in the extension.
　二、任何締約國依第二十七條第二款通知擴(kuò)大本公約的適用區(qū)域時(shí)，得提出上述一項(xiàng)或幾項(xiàng)保留，并將其效力限于所述擴(kuò)大適用區(qū)域的全部或一部。
 
3. Any Contracting State may at any time withdraw a reservation which it has made ; the reservation shall cease to have effect on the first day of the third calendar month after notification of the withdrawal.
三、任何締約國得在任何時(shí)候撤銷其所作的保留。通知撤銷后的第三個(gè)月的第一天起保留失效。
 
TITLE III FINAL PROVISIONS 第三篇　最后條款
Article 23第二十三條
1. If, after the date on which this Convention has entered into force for a Contracting State, that State wishes to adopt any new choice of law rule in regard to any particular category of contract within the scope of this Convention, it shall communicate its intention to the other signatory States through the Secretary-Geneal of the Council of the European Communities.
一、在本公約對一締約國生效之日后，如該締約國意欲采取任何新的、在本公約范圍內(nèi)的、有關(guān)任何特定類別合同的法律選擇規(guī)則，應(yīng)經(jīng)由歐洲共同體理事會秘書長將其意圖通知其他簽字國。
 
2. Any signatory State may, within six months from the date of the communication made to the Secretary-General, request him to arrange consultations between signatory States in order to reach agreement.
二、任何簽字國，在該締約國通知秘書長之日起六個(gè)月內(nèi)，得要求秘書長安排簽字國之間的協(xié)商以達(dá)成協(xié)議。
 
3. If no signatory State has requested consultations within this period or if within two years following the communication made to the Secretary-General no agreement is reached in the course of consultations, the Contracting State concerned may amend its law in the manner indicated. The measures taken by that State shall be brought to the knowledge of the other signatory States through the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
三、如無簽字國在此期限內(nèi)提出協(xié)商要求，或如在該締約國通知秘書長后兩年內(nèi)在協(xié)商過程中未達(dá)成協(xié)議，有關(guān)締約國得如上所述修改其法律。該國所采取措施應(yīng)經(jīng)由歐洲共同體理事會秘書長傳達(dá)給其他簽字國，俾各知悉。
 
Article 24第二十四條
1. If, after the date on which this Convention has entered into force with respect to a Contracting State, that State wishes to become a party to a multilateral convention whose principal aim or one of whose principal aims is to lay down rules of private international law concerning any of the matters governed by this Convention, the procedure set out in Article 23 shall apply. However, the period of two years, referred to in paragraph 3 of that Article, shall be reduced to one year.
一、在本公約對一締約國生效之日后，如該國希望成為其主要目的或其主要目的之一是就任何有關(guān)受本公約支配之事項(xiàng)制訂國際私法規(guī)則的多邊公約成員，應(yīng)適用第二十三條規(guī)定的程序。但該條第三款規(guī)定的兩年期限應(yīng)減為一年。
 
2. The procedure referred to in the preceding paragraph need not be followed if a Contracting State or one of the European Communities is already a party to the multilateral convention, or if its object is to revise a convention to which the State concerned is already a party, or if it is a convention concluded within the framework of the Treaties establishing the European Communities.
二、如一締約國或歐洲共同體成員國之一已屬該多邊公約的成員或如其目的為修改該有關(guān)國家已屬其成員的公約，或此公約仍屬建立歐洲共同體的各種條約的結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)的，則毋庸遵循前款規(guī)定的程序。
 
 
　Article 25　第二十五條　
If a Contracting State considers that the unification achieved by this Convention is prejudiced by the conclusion of agreements not covered by Article 24 (1), that State may request the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities to arrange consultations between the signatory States of this Convention.
如締約國認(rèn)為本公約所取得的統(tǒng)一為不屬第二十四條第一款的協(xié)定的締結(jié)所損害，該國得要求共同體理事會秘書長安排本公約簽字國間的協(xié)商。
 
Article 26第二十六條
Any Contracting State may request the revision of this Convention. In this event a revision conference shall be convened by the President of the Council of the European Communities.
　任何締約國得要求修改本公約，為此，共同體理事會主席應(yīng)召開公約修訂會議。
 
Article 27　第二十七條
1. This Convention shall apply to the European territories of the Contracting States, including Greenland, and to the entire territory of the French Republic.
2. Nothwithstanding paragraph 1:
(a) this Convention shall not apply to the Faroe Islands, unless the Kingdom of Denmark makes a declaration to the contrary;
(b) this Convention shall not apply to any European territory situated outside the United Kingdom for the international relations of which the United Kingdom is responsible, unless the United Kingdom makes a declaration to the contrary in respect of any such territory;
(c) this Convention shall apply to the Netherlands Antilles, if the Kingdom of the Netherlands makes a declaration to that effect.
3. Such declarations may be made at any time by notifying the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
4. Proceedings brought in the United Kingdom on appeal from courts in one of the territories referred to in paragraph 2 (b) shall be deemed to be proceedings taking place in those courts.
　　一、本公約適用于各締約國的歐洲領(lǐng)土，包括格陵蘭和法蘭西共和國的全部領(lǐng)土。
　　二、盡管有第一款的規(guī)定，
　�。ㄒ唬┍竟�約不適用于法羅群島，除非丹麥王國作出相反的聲明；
　�。ǘ�）本公約不適用于位于聯(lián)合王國以外的由聯(lián)合王國負(fù)責(zé)其國際關(guān)系的歐洲領(lǐng)土，除非聯(lián)合王國就任何此類領(lǐng)土作出相反的聲明；
　�。ㄈ�）本公約適用于荷蘭的安的列斯群島，如果荷蘭王國就此作出聲明。
　　三、上述聲明可于任何時(shí)候通過通知?dú)W洲共同體理事會秘書長作出。
　　四、對第二款第二項(xiàng)所指領(lǐng)土之一的法院判決在聯(lián)合王國上訴時(shí)，應(yīng)視同是在這些法院中進(jìn)行的訴訟。
　
Article 28　第二十八條
1. This Convention shall be open from 19 June 1980 for signature by the States party to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community.
2. This Convention shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval by the signatory States. The instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities.
　　一、本公約自1980年6月19日起向建立歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體條約成員國開放簽字。
二、本公約須經(jīng)簽字國批準(zhǔn)、接受或認(rèn)可，批準(zhǔn)書、接受書或認(rèn)可書應(yīng)存放于共同體理事會秘書長處。
 
Article 29第二十九條
1. This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the seventh instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
2. This Convention shall enter into force for each signatory State ratifying, accepting or approving at a later date on the first day of the third month following the deposit of its instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval.
　　一、本公約在存放第七份批準(zhǔn)書、接受書或認(rèn)可書后自第三個(gè)月的第一天起生效。
二、本公約對后來批準(zhǔn)、接受或認(rèn)可的各簽字國，在各該國存放其批準(zhǔn)書、接受書或認(rèn)可書后自第三個(gè)月的第一天起生效。
 
Article 30　第三十條
1. This Convention shall remain in force for 10 years from the date of its entry into force in accordance with Article 29 (1), even for States for which it enters into force at a later date.
2. If there has been no denunciation it shall be renewed tacitly every five years.
3. A Contracting State which wishes to denounce shall, not less than six months before the expiration of the period of 10 or five years, as the case may be, give notice to the Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities. Denunciation may be limited to any territory to which the Convention has been extended by a declaration under Article 27 (2).
4. The denunciation shall have effect only in relation to the State which has notified it. The Convention will remain in force as between all other Contracting States.
　　一、本公約自依第二十九條第一款生效之日起，持續(xù)有效十年，于本公約后來對之生效的國家亦同。
　　二、如果未經(jīng)廢止，本公約每五年自動更新有效一次。
　　三、愿意廢止本公約的締約國，應(yīng)至少在十年或五年（視情況而定）期滿前六個(gè)月向歐洲共同體理事會秘書長發(fā)出通知。廢止可僅限于依第二十七條第二款聲明對之曾擴(kuò)大適用本公約的任何區(qū)域。
四、廢止僅對發(fā)出此通知的國家有效。至少其他所有締約國之間本公約應(yīng)繼續(xù)有效。
 
Article 31　第三十一條
The Secretary-General of the Council of the European Communities shall notify the States party to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community of:
(a) the signatures;
(b) deposit of each instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval;
(c) the date of entry into force of this Convention;
(d) communications made in pursuance of Articles 23, 24, 25, 26 and 30 (8);
(e) the reservations and withdrawals of reservations referred to in Article 22.
歐洲共同體理事會秘書長應(yīng)通知建立歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體條約成員國下列事項(xiàng)：
　　（一）簽署；
　　（二）第一批準(zhǔn)書、接受書或認(rèn)可書的存放；
　　（三）本公約的開始生效日期；
　　（四）依第二十三條、第二十四條、第二十五條、第二十六條、第二十七條和第三十條所作出的通知；
（五）第二十二條所指的保留及撤銷保留。
 
Article 32The Protocol annexed to this Convention shall form an integral part thereof.
第三十二條　附入本公約的議定書應(yīng)成為本公約的一個(gè)組成部分。
 
Article 33This Convention, drawn up in a single original in the Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Irish and Italian languages, these texts being equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Secretariat of the Council of the European Communities. The Secretary-General shall transmit a certified copy thereof to the Government of each signatory State.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, having signed this Convention.
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
　　第三十三條　本公約用丹麥文、荷蘭文、英吉利文、法蘭西文、德意志文、愛爾蘭文及意大利文寫成，各種文本同等有效，合成原本一冊，應(yīng)交存于歐洲共同體理事會秘書處檔案庫。秘書長應(yīng)將核證無誤的公約副本送交各簽字國政府一份。
　　下列簽署人經(jīng)正式授權(quán)簽署本公約，以資證明。
　�。ǜ鲊�簽署人姓名略——編者）
1980年6月19日訂于羅馬。
 
PROTOCOL附一　議定書
The High Contracting Parties have agreed upon the following provision which shall be annexed to the Convention:
'Notwithstanding the provisions of the Convention, Denmark, Sweden and Finland may retain national provisions concerning the law applicable to questions relating to the carriage of goods by sea and may amend such provisions without following the procedure provided for in Article 23 of the Convention of Rome. The national provisions applicable in this respect are the following:
- in Denmark, paragraphs 252 and 321 (3) and (4) of the "Solov" (maritime law),
- in Sweden, Chapter 13, Article 2 (1) and (2), and Chapter 14, Article 1 (3), of "sjölagen" (maritime law),
- in Finland, Chapter 13, Article 2 (1) and (2), and Chapter 14, Article 1 (3), of "merilaki"/"sjölagen" (maritime law).`
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Protocol.
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
[Signatures of the Plenipotentiaries]
　　締約各方同意下列條款并將此附入本公約：
　　盡管有本公約的規(guī)定，丹麥得保留Soloven（　商法規(guī)）第一百六十九款所包含的，適用于有關(guān)海上貨運(yùn)事項(xiàng)的法律，并得修訂該項(xiàng)規(guī)定而無需遵循本公約第二十三條規(guī)定的程序。
　　茲下列簽署人經(jīng)正式授權(quán)在本議定書簽署，以資證明。
　�。ǜ鲊�簽署人姓名略——編者）
1980年6月19日訂于羅馬。
 
JOINT DECLARATION 附二　聯(lián)合聲明
At the time of the signature of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations, the Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
I. anxious to avoid, as far as possible, dispersion of choice of law rules among several instruments and differences between these rules, express the wish that the institutions of the European Communities, in the exercise of their powers under the Treaties by which they were established, will, where the need arises, endeavour to adopt choice of law rules which are as far as possible consistent with those of this Convention;
II. declare their intention as from the date of signature of this Convention until becoming bound by Article 24, to consult with each other if any one of the signatory States wishes to become a party to any convention to which the procedure referred to in Article 24 would apply;
III. having regard to the contribution of the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations to the unification of choice of law rules within the European Communities, express the view that any State which becomes a member of the European Communities should accede to this Convention.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Joint Declaration.
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
[Signatures of the Plenipotentiaries]
　　于簽署合同義務(wù)適用的法律的公約時(shí)，比利時(shí)王國政府、丹麥王國政府、德意志聯(lián)邦共和國政府、法蘭西共和國政府、愛爾蘭共和國政府、意大利共和國政府、盧森堡大公國政府、荷蘭王國政府，以及大不列顛和北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國政府。
　　一、切望盡量避免法律選擇規(guī)則分載在幾個(gè)文件中以及這些規(guī)則的分歧；
　　表示希望歐洲共同體各機(jī)構(gòu)，在行使建立各該機(jī)構(gòu)的條約所賦予的職權(quán)中，在需要時(shí)，竭力采用與本公約的規(guī)定盡可能一致的法律選擇規(guī)則；
　　二、宣布它們愿意，從本公約的簽字之日起直到受第二十四條的約束為止，如有任何一個(gè)簽署國希望成為將適用第二十四條規(guī)定程序的任何公約的締約國，與之進(jìn)行相互協(xié)商；
　　三、考慮到合同義務(wù)的法律適用公約對于歐洲共同體內(nèi)部統(tǒng)一法律選擇規(guī)則作出的貢獻(xiàn)，認(rèn)為任何一個(gè)成為歐洲共同體成員的國家均應(yīng)參加本公約。
　　茲下列人員，經(jīng)正式授權(quán)，特簽署本聯(lián)合聲明，以資證明。
　　（各國簽署人姓名略——編者）
1980年6月19日在羅馬寫成。
 
 
JOINT DECLARATION 附三　聯(lián)合聲明
The Governments of the Kingdom of Belgium, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, Ireland, the Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
On signing the Convention on the law applicable to contractual obligations;
Desiring to ensure that the Convention is applied as effectively as possible;
Anxious to prevent differences of interpretation of the Convention from impairing its unifying effect;
Declare themselves ready:
1. to examine the possibility of conferring jurisdiction in certain matters on the Court of Justice of the European Communities and, if necessary, to negotiate an agreement to this effect;
2. to arrange meetings at regular intervals between their representatives.
In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized thereto, have signed this Joint Declaration.
　比利時(shí)王國政府、丹麥王國政府、德意志聯(lián)邦共和國政府、法蘭西共和國政府、愛爾蘭共和國政府、意大利共和國政府、盧森堡大公國政府、荷蘭王國政府以及大不列顛和北愛爾蘭聯(lián)合王國政府，
　　于簽署合同義務(wù)法律的適用公約時(shí)；
　　希望確保本公約盡可能有效地被適用；
　　渴望防止對本公約的不同解釋有損其統(tǒng)一的效力；宣布它們自己準(zhǔn)備：
　�。ㄒ唬�審議將某些事項(xiàng)的管轄權(quán)授予歐洲共同體法院的可能性，必要時(shí)并為此商訂一個(gè)協(xié)定；
　�。ǘ�）安排在它們的代表之間舉行定期會議。
茲下列簽署人經(jīng)正式授權(quán)特在本聯(lián)合聲明簽署，以資證明。
 
Done at Rome on the nineteenth day of June in the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty.
[Signatures of the Plenipotentiaries]
　�。ǜ鲊�簽署人姓名略——編者）
　　1980年6月19日在羅馬寫成。