Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 建立世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）協(xié)定 背景資料：１９９４年４月１５日在摩洛哥的馬拉喀什市舉行的關貿(mào)總協(xié)定烏拉圭回合部長會議決定成立更具全球性的世界貿(mào)易組織（世貿(mào)組織），以取代成立于１９４７Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization
建立世界貿(mào)易組織（WTO）協(xié)定
背景資料：１９９４年４月１５日在摩洛哥的馬拉喀什市舉行的關貿(mào)總協(xié)定烏拉圭回合部長會議決定成立更具全球性的世界貿(mào)易組織（世貿(mào)組織），以取代成立于１９４７年的關貿(mào)總協(xié)定（ＧＡＴＴ）。
世貿(mào)組織是一個獨立于聯(lián)合國的永久性國際組織。該組織的基本原則和宗旨是通過實施市場開放、非歧視和公平貿(mào)易等原則，來達到推動實現(xiàn)世界貿(mào)易自由化的目標。１９９５年１月１日正式開始運作，負責管理世界經(jīng)濟和貿(mào)易秩序，總部設在日內(nèi)瓦萊蒙湖畔的關貿(mào)總協(xié)定總部大樓內(nèi)。１９９６年１月１日，它正式取代關貿(mào)總協(xié)定臨時機構。
與關貿(mào)總協(xié)定相比，世貿(mào)組織管轄的范圍除傳統(tǒng)的和烏拉圭回合新確定的貨物貿(mào)易外，還包括長期游離于關貿(mào)總協(xié)定外的知識產(chǎn)權、投資措施和非貨物貿(mào)易（服務貿(mào)易）等領域。世貿(mào)組織具有法人地位，它在調(diào)解成員爭端方面具有更高的權威性和有效性。
建立世貿(mào)組織的設想是在１９４７年７月舉行的布雷頓森林會議上提出的，當時設想在成立世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織的同時，成立一個國際性貿(mào)易組織，從而使它們成為二次大戰(zhàn)后左右世界經(jīng)濟的“貨幣－金融－貿(mào)易”三位一體的機構。１９４７年聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易及就業(yè)會議簽署的《哈瓦那憲章》同意成立世貿(mào)組織，后來由于美國的反對，世貿(mào)組織未能成立。同年，美國發(fā)起擬訂了關貿(mào)總協(xié)定，作為推行貿(mào)易自由化的臨時契約。１９８６年關貿(mào)總協(xié)定烏拉圭回合談判啟動后，歐共體和加拿大于１９９０年分別正式提出成立世貿(mào)組織的議案，１９９４年４月在摩洛哥馬拉喀什舉行的關貿(mào)總協(xié)定部長級會議才正式?jīng)Q定成立世貿(mào)組織。
The Parties to this Agreement,本協(xié)議各成員
Recognizing that their relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, and expanding the production of and trade in goods and services, while allowing for the optimal use of the world’s resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development, seeking both to protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development,
承認其貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟關系的發(fā)展，應旨在提高生活水平，保證充分就業(yè)和大幅度穩(wěn)步提高實際收入和有效需求，擴大貨物與服務的生產(chǎn)和貿(mào)易，為持續(xù)發(fā)展之目的擴大對世界資源的充分利用，保護和維護環(huán)境，并以符合不同經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平下各自需要的方式，加強采取各種相應的措施；
Recognizing further that there is need for positive efforts designed to ensure that developing countries, and especially the least developed among them, secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development,
進一步承認有必要作出積極的努力，以確保發(fā)展中國家，尤其是最不發(fā)達國家，在國際貿(mào)易增長中獲得與其經(jīng)濟發(fā)展相應的份額；
Being desirous of contributing to these objectives by entering into reciprocal and mutually advantageous arrangements directed to the substantial reduction of tariffs and other barriers to trade and to the elimination of discriminatory treatment in international trade relations,
期望通過達成互惠互利的安排，切實降低關稅和其它貿(mào)易壁壘，在國際貿(mào)易關系中消除歧視待遇，為實現(xiàn)上述目標作出貢獻；
Resolved, therefore, to develop an integrated, more viable and durable multilateral trading system encompassing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the results of past trade liberalization efforts, and all of the results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations,
從而決心建立一個完整的、更有活力的和持久的多邊貿(mào)易體系，以包括關稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定、以往貿(mào)易自由化努力的成果和烏拉圭回合多邊貿(mào)易談判的所有成果；
Determined to preserve the basic principles and to further the objectives underlying this multilateral trading system,
決心保持該多邊貿(mào)易體制的基本原則和加強該體制的目標；
Agree as follows:協(xié)議如下：
Article I Establishment of the Organization 第一條 組織的建立
The World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as “the WTO”) is hereby established.
建立世界貿(mào)易組織（以下簡稱WTO）
Article II Scope of the WTO第二條 WTO的范圍
1. The WTO shall provide the common institutional framework for the conduct of trade relations among its Members in matters related to the agreements and associated legal instruments included in the Annexes to this Agreement.
1．WTO應為其成員從事與本協(xié)議各附件中的協(xié)議及其法律文件有關的貿(mào)易關系，提供共同的體制框架。
2. The agreements and associated legal instruments included in Annexes 1, 2 and 3 (hereinafter referred to as “Multilateral Trade Agreements”) are integral parts of this Agreement, binding on all Members.
2．附件一、附件二和附件三中的各協(xié)議及其法律文件(以下稱“多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議”)均是本協(xié)議的組成部分，并約束所有成員。
3. The agreements and associated legal instruments included in Annex 4 (hereinafter referred to as “Plurilateral Trade Agreements”) are also part of this Agreement for those Members that have accepted them, and are binding on those Members. The Plurilateral Trade Agreements do not create either obligations or rights for Members that have not accepted them.
3．本規(guī)定附件四中各協(xié)議及其法律文件(以下稱“諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議”)，對接受諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議的成員而言，也是本協(xié)議的部分，并約束這些成員。對未接受諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議的成員，諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議不產(chǎn)生任何權利義務。
4. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 as specified in Annex 1A (hereinafter referred to as “GATT 1994”) is legally distinct from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated 30 October 1947, annexed to the Final Act Adopted at the Conclusion of the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, as subsequently rectified, amended or modified (hereinafter referred to as “GATT 1947”).
4．附件一(1)中的關稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定(以下稱1994年關貿(mào)總協(xié)定）在法律上區(qū)別于1947年10月30日簽訂的關稅與貿(mào)易總協(xié)定，后者附著于聯(lián)合國貿(mào)易與就業(yè)預備會議第二次會議結束通過的最后文件，及其后來經(jīng)核準、修正和修改的文本。
Article III Functions of the WTO 第三條 WTO的職能
1.The WTO shall facilitate the implementation, administration and operation, and further the objectives, of this Agreement and of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and shall also provide the framework for the implementation, administration and operation of the Plurilateral Trade Agreements.
1．WTO應促進本協(xié)議和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議的執(zhí)行、管理、運作，以及進一步實現(xiàn)各協(xié)議的目標，并對諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議的執(zhí)行、管理和運作提供框架。
2. The WTO shall provide the forum for negotiations among its Members concerning their multilateral trade relations in matters dealt with under the agreements in the Annexes to this Agreement. The WTO may also provide a forum for further negotiations among its Members concerning their multilateral trade relations, and a framework for the implementation of the results of such negotiations, as may be decided by the Ministerial Conference.
2．WTO應為各成員處理與本協(xié)議各附件有關的多邊貿(mào)易關系提供談判場所。如果部長會議作出決定，WTO還可為各成員的多邊貿(mào)易關系的進一步談判提供場所，并為執(zhí)行該談判的結果提供框架。
3. The WTO shall administer the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (hereinafter referred to as the “Dispute Settlement Understanding” or “DSU”) in Annex 2 to this Agreement.
3．WTO應管理實施本協(xié)議附件二有關爭端解決的規(guī)則與程序的諒解(以下稱“爭端解決諒解”或“DSU”)。
4. The WTO shall administer the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the “TPRM”) provided for in Annex 3 to this Agreement.
4．WTO管理實施附件三的貿(mào)易政策評審機制，WTO應和國際貨幣基金和國際復興和發(fā)展銀行及其附屬機構進行適當?shù)暮献?，以更好地協(xié)調(diào)制訂全球經(jīng)濟政策
5. With a view to achieving greater coherence in global economic policy-making, the WTO shall cooperate, as appropriate, with the International Monetary Fund and with the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and its affiliated agencies.
5．為實現(xiàn)全球經(jīng)濟決策的更大一致性，世貿(mào)組織應酌情與國際貨幣基金組織和國際復興開發(fā)銀行及其附屬機構進行合作。
Article IV Structure of the WTO 第四條 世貿(mào)組織的機構
There shall be a Ministerial Conference composed of representatives of all the Members, which shall meet at least once every two years. The Ministerial Conference shall carry out the functions of the WTO and take actions necessary to this effect. The Ministerial Conference shall have the authority to take decisions on all matters under any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, if so requested by a Member, in accordance with the specific requirements for decision-making in this Agreement and in the relevant Multilateral Trade Agreement.
1．設立由所有成員的代表組成的部長級會議，應至少每2年召開一次會議。部長級會議應履行世貿(mào)組織的職能，并為此采取必要的行動。如一成員提出請求，部長級會議有權依照本協(xié)定和有關多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定中關于決策的具體要求，對任何多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定項下的所有事項作出決定。
2. There shall be a General Council composed of representatives of all the Members, which shall meet as appropriate. In the intervals between meetings of the Ministerial Conference, its functions shall be conducted by the General Council. The General Council shall also carry out the functions assigned to it by this Agreement. The General Council shall establish its rules of procedure and approve the rules of procedure for the Committees provided for in paragraph 7.
2．設立由所有成員的代表組成的總理事會，酌情召開會議。在部長級會議休會期間，其職能應由總理事會行使。總理事會還應行使本協(xié)定指定的職能?？偫硎聲贫ㄗ约旱淖h事規(guī)則，并批準第7款規(guī)定的各委員會的議事規(guī)則。
3. The General Council shall convene as appropriate to discharge the responsibilities of the Dispute Settlement Body provided for in the Dispute Settlement Understanding. The Dispute Settlement Body may have its own chairman and shall establish such rules of procedure as it deems necessary for the fulfilment of those responsibilities.
3．總理事會應酌情召開會議，履行《爭端解決諒解》規(guī)定的爭端解決機構的職責。爭端解決機構可有自己的主席，并制定其認為履行這些職責所必需的議事規(guī)則。
4. The General Council shall convene as appropriate to discharge the responsibilities of the Trade Policy Review Body provided for in the TPRM. The Trade Policy Review Body may have its own chairman and shall establish such rules of procedure as it deems necessary for the fulfilment of those responsibilities.
4．總理事會應酌情召開會議，履行TPRM中規(guī)定的貿(mào)易政策審議機構的職責。貿(mào)易政策審議機構可有自己的主席，并應制定其認為履行這些職責所必需的議事規(guī)則。
5. There shall be a Council for Trade in Goods, a Council for Trade in Services and a Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as the “Council for TRIPS”), which shall operate under the general guidance of the General Council. The Council for Trade in Goods shall oversee the functioning of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1A. The Council for Trade in Services shall oversee the functioning of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (hereinafter referred to as “GATS”). The Council for TRIPS shall oversee the functioning of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement on TRIPS”). These Councils shall carry out the functions assigned to them by their respective agreements and by the General Council. They shall establish their respective rules of procedure subject to the approval of the General Council. Membership in these Councils shall be open to representatives of all Members. These Councils shall meet as necessary to carry out their functions.
5．設立貨物貿(mào)易理事會、服務貿(mào)易理事會和與貿(mào)易有關的知識產(chǎn)權理事會（下稱" TRIPS理事會"），各理事會應根據(jù)總理事會的總體指導運作。貨物貿(mào)易理事會應監(jiān)督附件1A所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的實施情況。服務貿(mào)易理事會應監(jiān)督《服務貿(mào)易總協(xié)定》（下稱"GATS"）的實施情況。TRIPS理事會應監(jiān)督《與貿(mào)易有關的知識產(chǎn)權協(xié)定》（下稱"《TRIPS協(xié)定》"）的實施情況。各理事會應履行各自協(xié)定和總理事會指定的職能。它們應自行制定各自的議事規(guī)則，但需經(jīng)總理事會批準。各理事會的成員資格應對所有成員的代表開放。各理事會應在必要時召開會議，以行使其職能。
6. The Council for Trade in Goods, the Council for Trade in Services and the Council for TRIPS shall establish subsidiary bodies as required. These subsidiary bodies shall establish their respective rules of procedure subject to the approval of their respective Councils.
6．貨物貿(mào)易理事會、服務貿(mào)易理事會和 TRIPS理事會應按要求設立附屬機構。各附屬機構應自行制定各自的議事規(guī)則，但需經(jīng)各自的理事會批準。
7. The Ministerial Conference shall establish a Committee on Trade and Development, a Committee on Balance-of-Payments Restrictions and a Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration, which shall carry out the functions assigned to them by this Agreement and by the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and any additional functions assigned to them by the General Council, and may establish such additional Committees with such functions as it may deem appropriate. As part of its functions, the Committee on Trade and Development shall periodically review the special provisions in the Multilateral Trade Agreements in favour of the least-developed country Members and report to the General Council for appropriate action. Membership in these Committees shall be open to representatives of all Members.
7．部長級會議應設立貿(mào)易與發(fā)展委員會、國際收支限制委員會和預算、財務與行政委員會，各委員會應行使本協(xié)定和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定指定的職能，以及總理事會指定的任何附加職能。部長級會議還可設立具有其認為適當?shù)穆毮艿钠渌瘑T會。作為其職能的一部分，貿(mào)易與發(fā)展委員會應定期審議多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定中有利于最不發(fā)達國家成員的特殊規(guī)定，并向總理事會報告以采取適當行動。各委員會的成員資格應對所有成員的代表開放。
8. The bodies provided for under the Plurilateral Trade Agreements shall carry out the functions assigned to them under those Agreements and shall operate within the institutional framework of the WTO. These bodies shall keep the General Council informed of their activities on a regular basis.
8．諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定項下規(guī)定的機構履行這些協(xié)定指定的職責，并在世貿(mào)組織的組織機構內(nèi)運作。各機構應定期向總理事會報告其活動。
Article V Relations with Other Organizations 第五條 世貿(mào)組織與其他組織的關系
The General Council shall make appropriate arrangements for effective cooperation with other intergovernmental organizations that have responsibilities related to those of the WTO.
1．總理事會應就與職責上同世貿(mào)組織有關的政府間組織進行有效合作作出適當安排。
2. The General Council may make appropriate arrangements for consultation and cooperation with non-governmental organizations concerned with matters related to those of the WTO.
2．總理事會可就與涉及世貿(mào)組織有關事項的非政府組織進行磋商和合作作出適當安排。
Article VI The Secretariat 第六條 秘書處
There shall be a Secretariat of the WTO (hereinafter referred to as “the Secretariat”) headed by a Director-General.
1、世貿(mào)組織設立一個由總干事領導和秘書處。
2. The Ministerial Conference shall appoint the Director-General and adopt regulations setting out the powers, duties, conditions of service and term of office of the Director-General.
2．部長級會議應任命總干事，并通過列出總干事的權力、職責、服務條件和任期的條例。
3. The Director-General shall appoint the members of the staff of the Secretariat and determine their duties and conditions of service in accordance with regulations adopted by the Ministerial Conference.
3．總干事應任命秘書處職員，并依照部長級會議通過的條例，確定他們的職責和服務條件。
4. The responsibilities of the Director-General and of the staff of the Secretariat shall be exclusively international in character. In the discharge of their duties, the Director-General and the staff of the Secretariat shall not seek or accept instructions from any government or any other authority external to the WTO. They shall refrain from any action which might adversely reflect on their position as international officials. The Members of the WTO shall respect the international character of the responsibilities of the Director-General and of the staff of the Secretariat and shall not seek to influence them in the discharge of their duties.
4．總干事和秘書處職員的職責純屬國際性質(zhì)。在履行其職責時，總干事和秘書處職員不得尋求或接受世貿(mào)組織之外任何政府或任何其他權力機關的指示。他們應避免任何可能對其國際官員身份產(chǎn)生不利影響的行動。世貿(mào)組織成員應尊重總干事和秘書處職員職責的國際性質(zhì)，不得尋求在他們履行職責時對其施加影響。
Article VII Budget and Contributions 第七條 預算與會費
The Director-General shall present to the Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration the annual budget estimate and financial statement of the WTO. The Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration shall review the annual budget estimate and the financial statement presented by the Director-General and make recommendations thereon to the General Council. The annual budget estimate shall be subject to approval by the General Council.
1．總干事應向預算、財務與行政委員會提交世貿(mào)組織的年度概算和決算。預算、財務與行政委員會應審議總干事提交的年度概算和決算，并就此向總理事會提出建議。年度概算應經(jīng)總理事會批準。
2. The Committee on Budget, Finance and Administration shall propose to the General Council financial regulations which shall include provisions setting out:
(a)the scale of contributions apportioning the expenses of the WTO among its Members; and
(b)the measures to be taken in respect of Members in arrears.
The financial regulations shall be based, as far as practicable, on the regulations and practices of GATT 1947.
2．預算、財務與行政委員會應向總理事會提出有關財務條例的建議，該條例應包括列出下列內(nèi)容的規(guī)定：
（a）根據(jù)世貿(mào)組織費用確定的各成員會費分攤比例；及
（b）對拖欠會費成員所采取的措施。財務條例應盡可能依據(jù)GATT1947的條例和做法。
3. The General Council shall adopt the financial regulations and the annual budget estimate by a two-thirds majority comprising more than half of the Members of the WTO.
3．總理事會應以世貿(mào)組織半數(shù)以上成員的三分之二多數(shù)通過財務條例和年度概算。
4. Each Member shall promptly contribute to the WTO its share in the expenses of the WTO in accordance with the financial regulations adopted by the General Council.
4．每一成員應依照總理事會通過的財務條例，迅速向世貿(mào)組織交納其在世貿(mào)組織費用中分攤的份額。
Article VIII Status of the WTO 第八條 世貿(mào)組織的地位
1. The WTO shall have legal personality, and shall be accorded by each of its Members such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions.
1. 世貿(mào)組織具有法律人格，世貿(mào)組織每一成員均應給予世貿(mào)組織履行其職能所必需的法定資格。
2. The WTO shall be accorded by each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the exercise of its functions.
2. 世貿(mào)組織每一成員均應給予世貿(mào)組織履行其職能所必需的特權和豁免。
3. The officials of the WTO and the representatives of the Members shall similarly be accorded by each of its Members such privileges and immunities as are necessary for the independent exercise of their functions in connection with the WTO.
3. 世貿(mào)組織每一成員應同樣給予世貿(mào)組織官員和各成員代表獨立履行與世貿(mào)組織有關的職能所必需的特權和豁免。
4. The privileges and immunities to be accorded by a Member to the WTO, its officials, and the representatives of its Members shall be similar to the privileges and immunities stipulated in the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the Specialized Agencies, approved by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 21 November 1947.
4. 世貿(mào)組織一成員給予世貿(mào)組織、其官員及其成員的代表的特權和豁免應與1947年11月21日聯(lián)合國大會批準的《聯(lián)合國專門機構特權及豁免公約》所規(guī)定的特權和豁免相似。
5. The WTO may conclude a headquarters agreement.
5．世貿(mào)組織可訂立一總部協(xié)定。
Article IX Decision-Making第九條 決策
The WTO shall continue the practice of decision-making by consensus followed under GATT 1947(1). Except as otherwise provided, where a decision cannot be arrived at by consensus, the matter at issue shall be decided by voting. At meetings of the Ministerial Conference and the General Council, each Member of the WTO shall have one vote. Where the European Communities exercise their right to vote, they shall have a number of votes equal to the number of their member States(2)which are Members of the WTO. Decisions of the Ministerial Conference and the General Council shall be taken by a majority of the votes cast, unless otherwise provided in this Agreement or in the relevant Multilateral Trade Agreement(3).
1．世貿(mào)組織應繼續(xù)實行GATT1947所遵循的經(jīng)協(xié)商一致作出決定的做法。除非另有規(guī)定，否則如無法經(jīng)協(xié)商一致作出決定，則爭論中的事項應通過投票決定。在部長級會議和總理事會會議上，世貿(mào)組織每一成員擁有一票。如歐洲共同體行使投票權，則其擁有的票數(shù)應與屬世貿(mào)組織成員的歐洲共同體成員國的數(shù)目相等。部長級會議和總理事會的決定應以所投票數(shù)的簡單多數(shù)作出，除非本協(xié)定或有關多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定另有規(guī)定。
2. The Ministerial Conference and the General Council shall have the exclusive authority to adopt interpretations of this Agreement and of the Multilateral Trade Agreements. In the case of an interpretation of a Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 1, they shall exercise their authority on the basis of a recommendation by the Council overseeing the functioning of that Agreement. The decision to adopt an interpretation shall be taken by a three-fourths majority of the Members. This paragraph shall not be used in a manner that would undermine the amendment provisions in Article X.
2．部長級會議和總理事會擁有通過對本協(xié)定和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定所作解釋的專有權力。對附件1中一多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的解釋，部長級會議和總理事會應根據(jù)監(jiān)督該協(xié)定實施情況的理事會的建議行使其權力。通過一項解釋的決定應由成員的四分之三多數(shù)作出。本款不得以損害第10條中有關修正規(guī)定的方式使用。
3. In exceptional circumstances, the Ministerial Conference may decide to waive an obligation imposed on a Member by this Agreement or any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, provided that any such decision shall be taken by three fourths (4) of the Members unless otherwise provided for in this paragraph.
(a)A request for a waiver concerning this Agreement shall be submitted to the Ministerial Conference for consideration pursuant to the practice of decision-making by consensus. The Ministerial Conference shall establish a time-period, which shall not exceed 90 days, to consider the request. If consensus is not reached during the time-period, any decision to grant a waiver shall be taken by three fourths4 of the Members.
(b)A request for a waiver concerning the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1A or 1B or 1C and their annexes shall be submitted initially to the Council for Trade in Goods, the Council for Trade in Services or the Council for TRIPS, respectively, for consideration during a time-period which shall not exceed 90 days. At the end of the time-period, the relevant Council shall submit a report to the Ministerial Conference.
3．在特殊情況下，部長級會議可決定豁免本協(xié)定或任何多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定要求一成員承擔的義務，但是任何此類決定應由成員的四分之三 多數(shù)作出，除非本款另有規(guī)定。
（a）有關本協(xié)定的豁免請求，應根據(jù)經(jīng)協(xié)商一致作出決定的做法，提交部長級會議審議。部長級會議應確定一不超過90天的期限審議該請求。如在此期限內(nèi)未能協(xié)商一致，則任何給予豁免的決定應由成員的四分之三多數(shù)作出。
（b）有關附件1A、附件1B或附件1C所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定及其附件的豁免請求，應首先分別提交貨物貿(mào)易理事會、服務貿(mào)易理事會或TRIPS理事會，在不超過90天的期限內(nèi)審議。在該期限結束時，有關理事會應向部長級會議提交一份報告。
4. A decision by the Ministerial Conference granting a waiver shall state the exceptional circumstances justifying the decision, the terms and conditions governing the application of the waiver, and the date on which the waiver shall terminate. Any waiver granted for a period of more than one year shall be reviewed by the Ministerial Conference not later than one year after it is granted, and thereafter annually until the waiver terminates. In each review, the Ministerial Conference shall examine whether the exceptional circumstances justifying the waiver still exist and whether the terms and conditions attached to the waiver have been met. The Ministerial Conference, on the basis of the annual review, may extend, modify or terminate the waiver.
4．部長級會議給予豁免的決定應陳述可證明該決定合理的特殊情況、適用于實施豁免的條款和條件以及豁免終止的日期。所給予的期限超過1年的任何豁免應在給予后不遲于1年的時間內(nèi)由部長級會議審議，并在此后每年審議一次，直至豁免終止。每次審議時，部長級會議應審查證明豁免合理的特殊情況是否仍然存在及豁免所附條款和條件是否得到滿足。部長級會議根據(jù)年度審議情況，可延長、修改或終止該項豁免。
5. Decisions under a Plurilateral Trade Agreement, including any decisions on interpretations and waivers, shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
5．一諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定項下作出的決定，包括有關解釋和豁免的任何決定，應按該協(xié)定的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
Article X Amendments 第10條 修正
Any Member of the WTO may initiate a proposal to amend the provisions of this Agreement or the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1 by submitting such proposal to the Ministerial Conference. The Councils listed in paragraph 5 of Article IV may also submit to the Ministerial Conference proposals to amend the provisions of the corresponding Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annex 1 the functioning of which they oversee. Unless the Ministerial Conference decides on a longer period, for a period of 90 days after the proposal has been tabled formally at the Ministerial Conference any decision by the Ministerial Conference to submit the proposed amendment to the Members for acceptance shall be taken by consensus. Unless the provisions of paragraphs 2, 5 or 6 apply, that decision shall specify whether the provisions of paragraphs 3 or 4 shall apply. If consensus is reached, the Ministerial Conference shall forthwith submit the proposed amendment to the Members for acceptance. If consensus is not reached at a meeting of the Ministerial Conference within the established period, the Ministerial Conference shall decide by a two-thirds majority of the Members whether to submit the proposed amendment to the Members for acceptance. Except as provided in paragraphs 2, 5 and 6, the provisions of paragraph 3 shall apply to the proposed amendment, unless the Ministerial Conference decides by a three-fourths majority of the Members that the provisions of paragraph 4 shall apply.
1．世貿(mào)組織任何成員均可提出修正本協(xié)定或附件1所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定條款的提案，提案應提交部長級會議。第4條第5款所列各理事會也可向部長級會議提交提案，以修正其監(jiān)督實施情況的附件1所列相應多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的條款。除非部長級會議決定一更長的期限，否則當提案正式提交部長級會議后90天內(nèi)，部長級會議應經(jīng)協(xié)商一致作出任何有關將擬議的修正提交各成員供接受的決定。除非第2款、第5款或第6款的規(guī)定適用，否則該決定應列明是否適用第3款或第4款的規(guī)定。如協(xié)商一致，部長級會議應立刻將擬議的修正提交各成員供接受。如在確定期限內(nèi)，在部長級會議的一次會議上未能協(xié)商一致，則部長級會議應以成員的三分之二多數(shù)決定是否將擬議的修正提交各成員供接受。除第2款、第5款和第6款的規(guī)定外，第3款的規(guī)定適用于擬議的修正，除非部長級會議以成員的四分之三多數(shù)決定應適用第4款的規(guī)定。
2. Amendments to the provisions of this Article and to the provisions of the following Articles shall take effect only upon acceptance by all Members:
Article IX of this Agreement;
Articles I and II of GATT 1994;
Article II:1 of GATS;
Article 4 of the Agreement on TRIPS.
2．對本條的規(guī)定和下列各條款的修正應經(jīng)所有成員接受方可生效：
本協(xié)定第9條；
GATT1994第1條和第2條；
GATS第2條第1款：
《TRIPS協(xié)定》第4條。
Amendments to provisions of this Agreement, or of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1A and 1C, other than those listed in paragraphs 2 and 6, of a nature that would alter the rights and obligations of the Members, shall take effect for the Members that have accepted them upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members and thereafter for each other Member upon acceptance by it. The Ministerial Conference may decide by a three-fourths majority of the Members that any amendment made effective under this paragraph is of such a nature that any Member which has not accepted it within a period specified by the Ministerial Conference in each case shall be free to withdraw from the WTO or to remain a Member with the consent of the Ministerial Conference.
3．對本協(xié)定條款的修正或?qū)Ω郊?A和附件1C所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定條款的修正，除第2款和第6款所列條款外，如其具有改變各成員權利和義務的性質(zhì)，則經(jīng)成員的三分之二多數(shù)接受后，應對接受修正的成員生效，并在此后對接受修正的每一其他成員自其接受時起生效。部長級會議可以成員的四分之三多數(shù)決定根據(jù)本款生效的任何修正是否屬如下性質(zhì)：在部長級會議對每種情況指定的期限內(nèi)未接受修正的任何成員有權退出世貿(mào)組織，或經(jīng)部長級會議同意，仍為成員。
4. Amendments to provisions of this Agreement or of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1A and 1C, other than those listed in paragraphs 2 and 6, of a nature that would not alter the rights and obligations of the Members, shall take effect for all Members upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members.
4．對本協(xié)定條款的修正，或?qū)Ω郊蘒A和附件IC所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定條款的修正，除第2款和第6款所列條款外，如其具有不改變各成員權利和義務的性質(zhì)，則經(jīng)成員的三分之二多數(shù)接受后，應對所有成員生效。
5. Except as provided in paragraph 2 above, amendments to Parts I, II and III of GATS and the respective annexes shall take effect for the Members that have accepted them upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members and thereafter for each Member upon acceptance by it. The Ministerial Conference may decide by a three-fourths majority of the Members that any amendment made effective under the preceding provision is of such a nature that any Member which has not accepted it within a period specified by the Ministerial Conference in each case shall be free to withdraw from the WTO or to remain a Member with the consent of the Ministerial Conference. Amendments to Parts IV, V and VI of GATS and the respective annexes shall take effect for all Members upon acceptance by two thirds of the Members.
5．除以上第2款的規(guī)定外，對GATS第一部分、第二部分和第三部分及相應附件的修正，經(jīng)成員的三分之二多數(shù)接受后，應對接受修正的成員生效，并在此后對接受修正的每一其他成員自其接受時起生效。部長級會議可以成員的四分之三多數(shù)決定根據(jù)前述規(guī)定生效的任何修正是否屬如下性質(zhì)：在部長級會議對每種情況指定的期限內(nèi)未接受修正的任何成員有權退出世貿(mào)組織，或經(jīng)部長級會議同意，仍為成員。對GATS第四部分、第五部分和第六部分及相應附件的修正，經(jīng)成員的三分之二多數(shù)接受后，應對所有成員生效。
6. Notwithstanding the other provisions of this Article, amendments to the Agreement on TRIPS meeting the requirements of paragraph 2 of Article 71 thereof may be adopted by the Ministerial Conference without further formal acceptance process.
6．盡管有本條其他規(guī)定，但是滿足《TRIPS協(xié)定》第71條第2款要求的對該協(xié)定的修正，可由部長級會議通過，而無需進一步的正式接受程序。
7. Any Member accepting an amendment to this Agreement or to a Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 1 shall deposit an instrument of acceptance with the Director-General of the WTO within the period of acceptance specified by the Ministerial Conference.
7．任何接受對本協(xié)定或附件1所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定修正的成員，應在部長級會議指定的接受期限內(nèi)，將接受書交存世貿(mào)組織總干事。
8. Any Member of the WTO may initiate a proposal to amend the provisions of the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 2 and 3 by submitting such proposal to the Ministerial Conference. The decision to approve amendments to the Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 2 shall be made by consensus and these amendments shall take effect for all Members upon approval by the Ministerial Conference. Decisions to approve amendments to the Multilateral Trade Agreement in Annex 3 shall take effect for all Members upon approval by the Ministerial Conference.
8．世貿(mào)組織任何成員均可提出修正附件2和附件3所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定條款的提案，此類提案應提交部長級會議批準。對附件2所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定修正的決定應經(jīng)協(xié)商一致作出，這些修正經(jīng)部長級會議批準后，應對所有成員生效。批準對附件3所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定修正的決定，經(jīng)部長級會議批準后，應對所有成員生效。
9. The Ministerial Conference, upon the request of the Members parties to a trade agreement, may decide exclusively by consensus to add that agreement to Annex 4. The Ministerial Conference, upon the request of the Members parties to a Plurilateral Trade Agreement, may decide to delete that Agreement from Annex 4.
9．應屬一貿(mào)易協(xié)定參加方的成員請求，部長級會議可決定將該貿(mào)易協(xié)定加入附件4，但此種決定只能經(jīng)協(xié)商一致作出。應屬一諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定參加方的成員請求，部長級會議可決定將該協(xié)定從附件4中刪除。
10. Amendments to a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
10．對一諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的修正應按該協(xié)定的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
Article XI Original Membership 第11條 創(chuàng)始成員資格
The contracting parties to GATT 1947 as of the date of entry into force of this Agreement, and the European Communities, which accept this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements and for which Schedules of Concessions and Commitments are annexed to GATT 1994 and for which Schedules of Specific Commitments are annexed to GATS shall become original Members of the WTO.
1．本協(xié)定生效之日的GATT1947締約方和歐洲共同體，如接受本協(xié)定、多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定、GATT1994所附減讓與承諾表及GATS所附具體承諾減讓表，則應成為世貿(mào)組織創(chuàng)始成員。
2. The least-developed countries recognized as such by the United Nations will only be required to undertake commitments and concessions to the extent consistent with their individual development, financial and trade needs or their administrative and institutional capabilities.
2．聯(lián)合國承認的最不發(fā)達國家只需承擔與其各自發(fā)展、財政和貿(mào)易需要或其管理和機構能力相符的承諾和減讓。
Article XII Accession 第12條 加入
Any State or separate customs territory possessing full autonomy in the conduct of its external commercial relations and of the other matters provided for in this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements may accede to this Agreement, on terms to be agreed between it and the WTO. Such accession shall apply to this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed thereto.
1．任何國家或在處理其對外貿(mào)易關系及本協(xié)定和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定規(guī)定的其他事項方面擁有完全自主權的單獨關稅區(qū)，可按它與世貿(mào)組織議定的條件加入本協(xié)定。此加入適用于本協(xié)定及所附多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定。
2. Decisions on accession shall be taken by the Ministerial Conference. The Ministerial Conference shall approve the agreement on the terms of accession by a two-thirds majority of the Members of the WTO.
2．有關加入的決定應由部長級會議作出。部長級會議應以世貿(mào)組織成員的三分之二多數(shù)批準關于加入條件的協(xié)議。
3. Accession to a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
3．一諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的加入應按該協(xié)定的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
Article XIII Non-Application of Multilateral Trade Agreements between Particular Members
第13條 多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定在特定成員間的不適用
This Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements in Annexes 1 and 2 shall not apply as between any Member and any other Member if either of the Members, at the time either becomes a Member, does not consent to such application.
1．任何成員，如在自己成為成員時或在另一成員成為成員時，不同意在彼此之間適用本協(xié)定及附件1和附件2所列多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定，則這些協(xié)定在該兩成員之間不適用。
2. Paragraph 1 may be invoked between original Members of the WTO which were contracting parties to GATT 1947 only where Article XXXV of that Agreement had been invoked earlier and was effective as between those contracting parties at the time of entry into force for them of this Agreement.
2．對于原屬GATT1947締約方的世貿(mào)組織創(chuàng)始成員，只有在這些締約方以往已經(jīng)援引GATT1947第35條，且在本協(xié)定對其生效時，該條款仍然在它們之間有效的前提下，第1款的規(guī)定方可在它們之間援引。
3. Paragraph 1 shall apply between a Member and another Member which has acceded under Article XII only if the Member not consenting to the application has so notified the Ministerial Conference before the approval of the agreement on the terms of accession by the Ministerial Conference.
3．對于根據(jù)第12條加入世貿(mào)組織的成員，只有在不同意對另一成員適用的一成員在部長級會議批準關于加入條件的協(xié)議之前，已按此通知部長級會議的前提下，第1款的規(guī)定方可在該兩成員之間適用。
4. The Ministerial Conference may review the operation of this Article in particular cases at the request of any Member and make appropriate recommendations.
4．在任何成員請求下，部長級會議可審議本條在特殊情況下的適用情況，并提出適當建議。
5. Non-application of a Plurilateral Trade Agreement between parties to that Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
5．諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定參加方之間的不適用應按該協(xié)定的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
Article XIV Acceptance, Entry into Force and Deposit 第14條 接受、生效和交存
This Agreement shall be open for acceptance, by signature or otherwise, by contracting parties to GATT 1947, and the European Communities, which are eligible to become original Members of the WTO in accordance with Article XI of this Agreement. Such acceptance shall apply to this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed hereto. This Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements annexed hereto shall enter into force on the date determined by Ministers in accordance with paragraph 3 of the Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations and shall remain open for acceptance for a period of two years following that date unless the Ministers decide otherwise. An acceptance following the entry into force of this Agreement shall enter into force on the 30th day following the date of such acceptance.
1．本協(xié)定應開放供依照本協(xié)定第11條有資格成為世貿(mào)組織創(chuàng)始成員的GATT1947締約方和歐洲共同體以簽字或其他方式接受。此接受應適用于本協(xié)定及其所附多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定。本協(xié)定及其所附多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定應在部長們依照《烏拉圭回合多邊貿(mào)易談判結果最后文件》第3段所確定的日期生效，并在此日期起2年內(nèi)開放供接受，除非部長們另有決定。本協(xié)定生效之后的接受應在此接受之日后的第30天生效。
2. A Member which accepts this Agreement after its entry into force shall implement those concessions and obligations in the Multilateral Trade Agreements that are to be implemented over a period of time starting with the entry into force of this Agreement as if it had accepted this Agreement on the date of its entry into force.
2．在本協(xié)定生效之后接受本協(xié)定的成員，應執(zhí)行自本協(xié)定生效開始的期限內(nèi)應執(zhí)行的多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定中的減讓和義務，如同該成員在本協(xié)定生效之日即接受本協(xié)定。
3. Until the entry into force of this Agreement, the text of this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements shall be deposited with the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947. The Director-General shall promptly furnish a certified true copy of this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and a notification of each acceptance thereof, to each government and the European Communities having accepted this Agreement. This Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements, and any amendments thereto, shall, upon the entry into force of this Agreement, be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO.
3．在本協(xié)定生效之前，本協(xié)定和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的文本應交存GATT1947締約方全體的總干事。總干事應及時向己接受本協(xié)定的每一國政府和歐洲共同體提供一份本協(xié)定和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定經(jīng)核證無誤的副本和每一份關于接受的通知。在本協(xié)定生效時，本協(xié)定和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定及任何修正應交存世貿(mào)組織總干事。
4. The acceptance and entry into force of a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement. Such Agreements shall be deposited with the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947. Upon the entry into force of this Agreement, such Agreements shall be deposited with the Director-General of the WTO.
4．一諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的接受和生效應按該協(xié)定的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。此類協(xié)定應交存GATT1947締約方全體的總干事。在本協(xié)定生效時，此類協(xié)定應交存世貿(mào)組織總干事。
Article XV Withdrawal第15條 退出
Any Member may withdraw from this Agreement. Such withdrawal shall apply both to this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements and shall take effect upon the expiration of six months from the date on which written notice of withdrawal is received by the Director-General of the WTO.
1．任何成員均可退出本協(xié)定。此退出適用于本協(xié)定和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定，并在世貿(mào)組織總干事收到書面退出通知之日起6個月期滿后生效。
2. Withdrawal from a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
2．一諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的退出應按該協(xié)定的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
Article XVI Miscellaneous Provisions 第16條 雜項條款
Except as otherwise provided under this Agreement or the Multilateral Trade Agreements, the WTO shall be guided by the decisions, procedures and customary practices followed by the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947 and the bodies established in the framework of GATT 1947.
1．除本協(xié)定或多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定項下另有規(guī)定外，世貿(mào)組織應以GATT1947締約方全體和在GATT1947范圍內(nèi)設立的機構所遵循的決定、程序和慣例為指導。
2. To the extent practicable, the Secretariat of GATT 1947 shall become the Secretariat of the WTO, and the Director-General to the CONTRACTING PARTIES to GATT 1947, until such time as the Ministerial Conference has appointed a Director-General in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article VI of this Agreement, shall serve as Director-General of the WTO.
2．在可行的情況下，GATT1947的秘書處應成為世貿(mào)組織秘書處，GATT1947締約方全體的總干事在部長級會議依照本協(xié)定第6條第2款任命總干事之前，應擔任世貿(mào)組織總干事。
3. In the event of a conflict between a provision of this Agreement and a provision of any of the Multilateral Trade Agreements, the provision of this Agreement shall prevail to the extent of the conflict.
3．在本協(xié)定的條款與任何多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定的條款產(chǎn)生抵觸時，應以本協(xié)定的條款為準。
4. Each Member shall ensure the conformity of its laws, regulations and administrative procedures with its obligations as provided in the annexed Agreements.
4．每一成員應保證其法律、法規(guī)和行政程序與所附各協(xié)定對其規(guī)定的義務相一致
5. No reservations may be made in respect of any provision of this Agreement. Reservations in respect of any of the provisions of the Multilateral Trade Agreements may only be made to the extent provided for in those Agreements. Reservations in respect of a provision of a Plurilateral Trade Agreement shall be governed by the provisions of that Agreement.
5．不得對本協(xié)定的任何條款提出保留。對多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定任何條款的保留應僅以這些協(xié)定規(guī)定的程度為限。對一諸邊貿(mào)易協(xié)定條款的保留應按該協(xié)定的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。
6. This Agreement shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.
6．本協(xié)定應依照《聯(lián)合國憲章》第102條的規(guī)定予以登記。
DONE at Marrakesh this fifteenth day of April one thousand nine hundred and ninety-four, in a single copy, in the English, French and Spanish languages, each text being authentic.
1994年4月15日訂于馬拉喀什，正本一份用英文、法文和西班牙文寫成，三種文本具有同等效力
Explanatory Notes: 說明：
The terms “country” or “countries” as used in this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements are to be understood to include any separate customs territory Member of the WTO.
In the case of a separate customs territory Member of the WTO, where an expression in this Agreement and the Multilateral Trade Agreements is qualified by the term “national”, such expression shall be read as pertaining to that customs territory, unless otherwise specified.
本協(xié)議和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議中所稱“國家”或“若干國家”，應理解為包括任何WTO單獨關稅地區(qū)成員?！?br /> 在WTO單獨關稅地區(qū)成員的情況下，本協(xié)議和多邊貿(mào)易協(xié)議中“國家的(‘國民的’)”一詞，除非另有規(guī)定，應理解為與單獨關稅地區(qū)相關。
