WARSAW-OXFORD RULES 1932
（Uniform rules for contract for the sale of the CIF）
 
１９３２年華沙－牛津規(guī)則   (CIF買賣合同的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則)
 
該規(guī)則是由國際法協(xié)會（International Law Association）所制定的。該協(xié)會于1928年在華沙舉行會議，制定了關(guān)于CIF買賣合同的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則，共22條，稱為《1928年華沙規(guī)則》。后又經(jīng)過1930年紐約會議、1931年巴黎會議和1932年牛津會議修訂為21條，定名為《1932年華沙-牛津規(guī)則》（Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932，簡稱W.O.Rules 1932）。
 
目 錄
PREAMBLE序言
RULE 1. SCHEME OF RULES  第一條  總則
RULE 2. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO SHIPMENT第二條  關(guān)于賣方裝船的責(zé)任
RULE 3. TIME OF SHIPMENT AND EVIDENCE OF DATE第三條  裝船時間和日期證明
RULE 4. EXCEPTIONS第四條  例外
RULE 5. RISK第五條  風(fēng)險
RULE 6. PROPERTY第六條  所有權(quán)
RULE 7. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO BILLS OF LADING  第七條 賣方對提單的責(zé)任
RULE 8. SPECIFIC VESSEL-KIND OF VESSEL第八條  特定的船只 船只的種類
RULE 9. FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION第九條  運費在目的地支付
RULE 10. IMPORT DUTIES, ETC.   第十條  進口稅等
RULE 11. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO CONDITIONS OF GOODS
        第十一條  賣方對貨物狀況的責(zé)任
RULE 12. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO INSURANCE 第十二條  賣方對保險的責(zé)任
RULE 13. NOTICE OF SHIPMENT第十三條  裝船通知
RULE 14. IMPORT AND EXPORT LICENCES, CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN, ETC.
        第十四條  進出口許可證、產(chǎn)地證明書等
RULE 15. CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY, ETC. 第十五條  品質(zhì)證明書等
RULE 16. TENDER OF DOCUMENTS第十六條  單據(jù)的提供
RULE 17. LOSS OR DAMAGE AFTER SHIPMENT第十七條  裝船后貨物滅失或損壞
RULE 18. DUTIES OF THE BUYER AS TO PAYMENT OF PRICE
第十八條  關(guān)于買方支付貨款的義務(wù)
RULE 19. RIGHTS OF BUYER AS TO INSPECTION OF GOODS
第十九條  關(guān)于買方檢查貨物的權(quán)利
RULE 20. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES UNDER CONTRACT OF SALE
第二十條  買賣合同中的權(quán)利和補救
RULE 21. NOTICES  第二十一條  通知
 
 PREAMBLE序言
    These Rules are intended to offer to those interested in the sale and purchase of goods on c.i.f. terms who have at present no standard form of contract or general conditions available a means of voluntarily and readily adopting in their c.i.f. contracts a set of uniform rules.
In the absence of any express adoption of these Rules in the manner hereinafter appearing, they shall in no case be deemed to govern the rights and obligations of the parties to a sale of goods on c.i.f. terms.
    本規(guī)則是為了對那些愿按Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．條款進行貨物買賣但目前缺乏標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同格式或共同交易條件的人們提供一套可在Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．合同中易于使用的統(tǒng)一規(guī)則。
    如果沒有明示依照下述方式采用本規(guī)則，那末，按照Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．條款進行買賣的當(dāng)事人，其權(quán)利和義務(wù)不受本規(guī)則的約束。
 
RULE 1. SCHEME OF RULES  第一條  總則
These Rules shall be known as the "Warsaw-Oxford Rules", and their adoption as herein provided shall be conclusive evidence that the parties intend their contract to be a c.i.f. contract.
    Any of these Rules may be varied, or amended, or other terms inserted in the c.i.f. contract, but such variation, amendment or insertion may only be made by express agreement of the parties to the contract. In the absence of any such express agreement these Rules shall apply without qualification to any sale of goods involving either wholly or in part transit by sea, in connection with which they are expressly adopted by a reference to the term "Warsaw-Oxford Rules", and the rights and obligations of the parties shall be construed in accordance with the provisions of these Rules.
In case of a conflict between the Rules and a contract the latter shall govern. Reference to the Rules shall cover all other provisions on which the contract itself is silent. The expression "usage of the particular trade" as employed in these Rules means a settled custom so general in the particular trade that the parties to the contract of sale must be held to know of the existence of such a custom and to have contracted with reference thereto.
    本規(guī)則稱為《華沙－牛津規(guī)則》，如在合同中采用本規(guī)則，就肯定說明合同當(dāng)事人意欲訂立一個Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．合同。
    在Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．合同中，本規(guī)則的任何一條都可以變更、修改或增添其他條款，但這樣的變更、修改或增添必須經(jīng)合同當(dāng)事人明示地協(xié)議才能成立。如無上述明示的協(xié)議，則一切涉及全部或部分海上運輸貨物的買賣，凡明示采用《華沙－牛津規(guī)則》者，合同當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)均應(yīng)援用本規(guī)則的規(guī)定辦理。
    如本規(guī)則與合同發(fā)生矛盾時，應(yīng)以合同為準(zhǔn)。凡合同沒有規(guī)定的事項，應(yīng)按照本規(guī)則的規(guī)定辦理。
本規(guī)則所使用的“特定行業(yè)慣例”，是指在特定行業(yè)中已形成的普遍通用的習(xí)慣，從而可以認(rèn)為合同當(dāng)事人已共知這一習(xí)慣的存在，并且在簽訂合同時參照了這一習(xí)慣。
 
RULE 2. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO SHIPMENT第二條  關(guān)于賣方裝船的責(zé)任
 (I) The Seller must provide goods of the contractual description and, subject to the provisions of the next succeeding paragraph and to those of Rules 7 (III) and (IV), have them loaded on board the vessel at the port of shipment in the manner customary at the port.
(II) Where the goods contracted to be sold are already afloat, or have already been delivered into the custody of the carrier in the manner provided in Rule 7 (III) and (IV), at the time the sale is made, or where the seller is entitled to purchase goods of the contractual description afloat in order to fulfil his contract, the seller shall have merely to appropriate these goods to the contract of sale. Such appropriation need not take place till the documents are tendered to the buyer and such tender shall imply the appropriation of the goods to the contract of sale.
    （Ⅰ）除依照下節(jié)和第七條第（Ⅲ）款、第（Ⅳ）款的規(guī)定外，賣方必須備妥合同規(guī)定的貨物，并且依照裝船港口的習(xí)慣方式，將貨物裝到該港口的船上。
（Ⅱ）如成交時訂售的是海上路貨，或按照第七條第（Ⅲ）款和第（Ⅳ）款規(guī)定的方式已經(jīng)交給承運人保管，或者為履行合同起見，賣方有權(quán)按合同規(guī)格買進海上路貨時，賣方只需將該貨劃撥到買賣合同項下。這種劃撥不需在單據(jù)提交買方以前辦理，提交單據(jù)即意味著該貨劃撥到買賣合同項下。
 
RULE 3. TIME OF SHIPMENT AND EVIDENCE OF DATE第三條  裝船時間和日期證明
    (I) The whole quantity of the goods contracted to be sold must be shipped or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, at the time or within the period, if any, specified in the contract of sale or, if no such time or period has been specified in the contract of sale or, if no such time or period has been specified in the contract, within a reasonable time.
(II) The date of shipment or of delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, mentioned in the bill of lading or other document validly tendered as evidencing the contract of carriage shall be prima facie evidence of the actual shipment or of the actual delivery, as the case may be, on that date without prejudice to the right of the buyer to prove the contrary.
    （Ⅰ）訂售貨物的全部數(shù)量必須依照買賣合同規(guī)定的時間或期限裝船，或交給承運人保管。如合同沒有規(guī)定時間或期限，則應(yīng)在合理的時期內(nèi)裝船或交給承運人保管。
    （Ⅱ）有效提供的作為運輸合同證明的提單或其他單證，其所載明的裝船日期或交給承運人保管的日期就是在該日實際裝船或?qū)嶋H交付的表面證據(jù)，但并不因此使買方喪失提出反證的權(quán)利。
 
RULE 4. EXCEPTIONS第四條  例外
The seller shall not be responsible for delay or failure to ship the goods contracted to be sold or any part thereof or to deliver such goods, or any part thereof into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, arising from force majeure, or from any extraordinary causes, accidents or hindrances of what kind soever or wheresoever or the consequences thereof which it was impossible in the circumstances for the seller to have foreseen or averted. In the event of any of the said causes, accidents or hindrances  preventing, hindering or impeding the production, the manufacture, the delivery to the seller, or the shipment of the goods contracted to be sold or any part thereof or the chartering of any vessel or part of vessel, notice thereof shall be given to the buyer by the seller, and on such notice being given the time for shipment or delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, shall be extended until the operation of the cause, accident or hindrance preventing, hindering or impeding the production, the manufacture, the delivery to the seller or the shipment of the said goods or any part thereof or the chartering of any vessel or part of vessel has ceased. But if any of these causes, accidents or hindrances continues for more than fourteen days from the time or from the expiration of the period if any, specified in the contract of sale for the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, or if no such time or period has been specified in the contract then from the expiration of the reasonable time contemplated in Rule 3, the whole contract of sale or such part thereof as shall remain to be fulfilled by the seller may, at the option of either party, be determined, such option shall be exercised and notice to that effect shall be given by either party to the other party at any time during the seven days next succeeding the period of fourteen days hereinbefore mentioned but not thereafter. And on such notice being given neither party shall have any claim against the other party in respect of such determination.
    由于不可抗力、任何特殊原因、事故，或者由于不論何種或何處發(fā)生的阻礙，或由此而產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，為當(dāng)時賣方所不能預(yù)見或避免，以致賣方延遲或未能裝運全部或部分訂售貨物或者延遲或未能將全部或部分訂售貨物，交給承運人保管，賣方對此將不負(fù)責(zé)任。
如果上述原因、事故或障礙，阻止、妨礙或耽誤了全部或部分訂售貨物的生產(chǎn)、制造、交給賣方或裝船，或者全部或部分船只的租賃，賣方應(yīng)將有關(guān)情況通知買方，此項通知一經(jīng)發(fā)出，裝船時間或交給承運人保管的時間應(yīng)展延到上述原因、事故或障礙解除時為止。但是上述那些原因、事故或障礙，如延續(xù)超過買賣合同規(guī)定的裝船或交給承運人保管的日期或截止期限十四天（如果合同沒有規(guī)定此項裝船或交給承運人保管的日期或截止期限，則按第三條規(guī)定預(yù)計合理的期限截止時計算），全部或部分合同是否仍由賣方履行，可由買賣當(dāng)事人的任何一方選擇決定，對此，任何一方都可在上述十四天后的七天內(nèi)進行抉擇并通知對方。此項通知發(fā)出后，任何一方將無權(quán)由于此項抉擇而對另一方提出索賠要求。
 
 RULE 5. RISK第五條  風(fēng)險
The risk shall be transferred to the buyer from the moment the goods are loaded on board the vessel in accordance with the provisions of Rule 2 or, should the seller be entitled in accordance with the provisions of Rule 7 (III) and (IV) in lieu of loading the goods on board the vessels to deliver the goods into the custody of the carrier, from the time such delivery has effectively taken place.
 風(fēng)險應(yīng)依照第二條規(guī)定從貨物裝到船上時起轉(zhuǎn)由買方承擔(dān)；如果賣方按照第七條第（Ⅲ）款、第（Ⅳ）款規(guī)定有權(quán)將貨物交給承運人保管，以代替裝船，則從實際交給承運人之時起，風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)由買方承擔(dān)。
 
RULE 6. PROPERTY第六條  所有權(quán)
Subject to the provisions of Rule 20 (III) the time of the passing of the property in the goods shall be the moment when the seller delivers the documents into the possession of the buyer.
除依照第二十條第（Ⅱ）款的規(guī)定外，貨物所有權(quán)的轉(zhuǎn)讓時間，就是賣方將有關(guān)單據(jù)交到買方掌握的時刻。
 
RULE 7. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO BILLS OF LADING
 第七條  賣方對提單的責(zé)任
    (I) It shall be the duty of the seller to procure, at his own cost, a contract of carriage that is reasonable having regard to the nature of the goods and the terms current on the contemplated route or in the particular trade. The said contract of carriage must, subject to the usual or customary exceptions therein contained, provide for the delivery of the goods at the contractual destination. Moreover, the said contract of carriage must, except as hereinafter provided, be evidenced by a "shipped" bill of lading, in good merchantable order, issued by the ship owner or his official agent or pursuant to a charter party, duly dated and bearing the name of the ship.
(II) Where the contract of sale or the usage of the particular trade so allows, the contract of carriage may, subject to the provisions and qualifications hereinafter constrained, be evidenced by a "received for shipment" bill of lading or similar document, as the case may be, in good merchantable order, issued by the ship owner or his official agent, or pursuant to a charter party, and in such circumstance such "received for shipment" bill of lading or similar document shall for all purposes be deemed to be a valid bill of lading, and may be tendered by the seller accordingly. Moreover, in all cases where such a document has been duly noted with the name of the ship and the date of shipment, it shall be deemed in all respects equivalent to a "shipped" bill of lading.
    (III) When the seller is entitled to tender a "received for shipment" bill of lading, he must, subject to the provisions of Rule 2 (II) provide and have goods of the contractual description effectively delivered into the custody of the carrier at the port of shipment for transportation to the buyer with all reasonable dispatch.
    (IV) When the seller is entitled by the terms of the contract of sale or by the usage of the particular trade to tender a "through" bill of lading, and such document involves part land and part sea transit, and should the carrier who issues the "through" bill of lading be a land carrier, the seller must, subject to the provisions of Rule 2 (II), provide and have goods of the contractual description effectively delivered into the custody of the said carrier for transportation to the buyer with all reasonable dispatch.
    Goods shall not be transmitted by inland waterways unless the seller is entitled by the terms of the contract of sale or by the usage of the particular trade to employ that means of transportation.
    The seller shall not be entitled to tender a "through" bill of lading providing for part and part sea transit where the contract of sale calls for sea transit only.  
    (V) When the goods are carried under a "through" bill of lading this document must provide for the full and continuous protection of the buyer from the moment the risk is transferred to the buyer in accordance with the provisions of Rule 5 through out the whole of the transit, in respect of any legal remedy to which the buyer may be entitled against each and any of the carriers who shall have participated in the carriage of the goods to the point of destination.
    (VI) If a particular route is stipulated by the contract of sale, the bill of lading or other document validly tendered as evidencing the contract of carriage must provide for the carriage of the goods by that route, or if no route has been stipulated in the contract of sale, then by a route followed by the usage of the particular trade.
(VII) The bill of lading or other document validly tendered as evidencing the contract of carriage shall deal, and deal only, with the goods contracted to be sold.
(VIII) The seller shall not be entitled to tender a delivery order or a ship's release in lieu of a bill of lading unless the contract of sale so provides.
    （Ⅰ）賣方有責(zé)任由自己承擔(dān)費用訂妥運輸合同。該項合同從貨物的性質(zhì)、預(yù)定航線或特定行業(yè)的現(xiàn)用條款來看，應(yīng)該是合理的。除依照其中載有的慣常的例外以外，上述運輸合同必須訂明在買賣合同所規(guī)定的目的地交貨。此外，除下述另有規(guī)定者外，上述運輸合同必須用“已裝船”提單作為證明，此項提單應(yīng)當(dāng)符合良好的商業(yè)要求，由船公司或它的正式代理人簽發(fā)，或者依照租船合同的規(guī)定簽發(fā)，注明日期，并注明船名。
    （Ⅱ）如果買賣合同或特定行業(yè)慣例許可，除依照下述規(guī)定和限制外，運輸合同可以用“備運”提單或類似單據(jù)（視情況而定）作為證明，此項提單或單據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)符合良好的商業(yè)要求，由船公司或它的正式代理人簽發(fā)，或者依照租船合同的規(guī)定簽發(fā)；在這種情況下，這樣的“備運”提單或類似單據(jù)，就各方面講，應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)為是有效提單，并可由賣方提供對方。再者，如果這樣的單據(jù)已經(jīng)恰當(dāng)?shù)刈⒚鞔�名和裝船日期，它就應(yīng)被認(rèn)為在一切方面相當(dāng)于“已裝船”提單。
    （Ⅲ）如果賣方有權(quán)提供“備運”提單，除依照第二條第（Ⅲ）款的規(guī)定外，賣方必須將合同規(guī)定的貨物備妥，并有效地交給裝船港口的承運人保管，以便盡速發(fā)運給買方。
    （Ⅳ）如果賣方依照買賣合同的條款或特定行業(yè)慣例有權(quán)提供“聯(lián)運”提單，而此項提單涉及到部分陸運和部分海運，簽發(fā)“聯(lián)運”提單的運輸機構(gòu)又是陸運承運人，則賣方除依照第二條第（Ⅱ）款的規(guī)定外，必須備妥合同規(guī)定的貨物，并有效地交給該承運人保管，以便盡速發(fā)運給買方。
    除非賣方依照買賣合同的條款或特定行業(yè)慣例有權(quán)利用內(nèi)河運輸方式，否則貨物不得經(jīng)由內(nèi)河運輸。
    如果買賣合同規(guī)定只用海運，賣方無權(quán)提供部分陸運、部分海運的“聯(lián)運”提單。
    （Ⅴ）如果貨物用“聯(lián)運”提單運輸，此項單據(jù)必須規(guī)定自風(fēng)險轉(zhuǎn)由買方承擔(dān)之時（按第五條的規(guī)定）起的全部運程中，對買方的完全和連續(xù)的保障，買方有權(quán)對參加運輸該貨物到目的地的每一個或任何一個承運人要求合法的補救。
    （Ⅵ）如果買賣合同規(guī)定了特定路線，則有效地提交作為運輸合同證明的提單或其他單據(jù)，必須規(guī)定貨物由該條運輸路線運輸，如果買賣合同沒有規(guī)定路線，則由特定行業(yè)慣例所采取的路線運輸。
    （Ⅶ）作為運輸合同的證明，有效提供的提單或其他單據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)并且只限于用以處理合同中所訂售的貨物。
（Ⅷ）賣方無權(quán)使用提貨單或船貨放行單來代替提單，除非買賣合同有這樣的規(guī)定。
 
RULE 8. SPECIFIC VESSEL-KIND OF VESSEL第八條  特定的船只 船只的種類
    (I) Should the contract of sale call for shipment by a specific vessel, or generally where the seller shall have chartered a vessel or part of vessel, and undertaken to ship the goods accordingly, the seller shall not be at liberty to provide a substitute unless and until the buyer shall have given his consent thereto. Such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
    (II) Where the contract of sale calls for shipment by steamer (unnamed) the seller may transmit the goods to the buyer either by steamer or by motor vessel, all other conditions being equal.
(III) If there is no provision made in the contract of sale as to the kind of vessel to be employed, or if a neural term such as "vessel" is used therein, the seller shall be entitled, subject to any usage of the particular trade, to ship the goods on the kind of vessel by which similar goods are in practice shipped on the contemplated route.
    （Ⅰ）在買賣合同規(guī)定由特定船只裝運，或者一般地應(yīng)由賣方租賃全部或部分船只，并承擔(dān)將貨物裝船的情況下，非經(jīng)買方同意，賣方不得隨意改用其他船只代替，買方也不應(yīng)不合理地拒絕同意。
    （Ⅱ）如果買賣合同規(guī)定用蒸汽船裝運（未指定船名），賣方在其他條件相同的情況下，可用蒸汽船或內(nèi)燃機船運給買方。
    （Ⅲ）如果買賣合同未規(guī)定裝運船只的種類，或者合同內(nèi)使用“船只”這樣籠統(tǒng)名詞，除依照特定行業(yè)慣例外，賣方有權(quán)使用通常在此路線上裝運類似貨物的船只來裝運。
 
RULE 9. FREIGHT PAYABLE AT DESTINATION第九條  運費在目的地支付
    On arrival of the goods at the point where they are finally discharged for delivery to the buyer, the buyer is bound to pay any unpaid freight which may be due to the carrier. The buyer shall be entitled to deduct the amount of any such payment which he shall be called upon to make from the amount he has contracted to pay for the goods, unless the seller shall already have made proper allowance in respect of such unpaid freight in the invoice tendered to the buyer.
    If the seller should have to pay any unpaid freight which may be due to the carrier, because tender of the documents is unavoidably made after the arrival of the goods, he may recover the amount thereof from the buyer.
Subject to the provisions of Rule 10, the buyer shall in no case be called upon to pay a larger sum in respect of unpaid freight than will make up the amount which he has contracted to pay for the goods.
    貨物運達最終卸貨地點交給買方時，買方有責(zé)任支付可能未付承運人的任何運費。如果賣方未曾在提供的發(fā)票內(nèi)將此項未付的運費作相應(yīng)的扣除，買方有權(quán)從合同貨款內(nèi)扣去。
    如果因單據(jù)無可避免地在貨物運達后才能提供以致賣方必須支付可能未付承運人的運費，那未，賣方可向買方索還這筆款項。
除依照第十條規(guī)定外，關(guān)于未付的運費，不論在任何情況下，不能要求買方支付大于合同貨款的金額。
 
RULE 10. IMPORT DUTIES, ETC.   第十條  進口稅等
    The payment of customs duties and charges payable for the goods or of expenses incurred in respect of such goods during the course of transit to or after their arrival at the port of destination forms no part of the obligations of the seller, unless such expenses shall be included in the freight. If the seller should have to pay such duties and charges and/ or any expenses not included in the freight, because tender of the documents is unavoidably made after arrival of the goods, he may recover the amount thereof from the buyer.
貨物的關(guān)稅和費用開支，或者貨物在運輸過程中或到達目的港后所發(fā)生的費用，除這種開支應(yīng)當(dāng)包括在運費內(nèi)的以外，賣方一概不承擔(dān)責(zé)任。如果由于單據(jù)無可避免地在貨物到達后才能提供，以致賣方必須支付這種關(guān)稅、費用開支和／或其他不包括在運費內(nèi)的任何開支，那末，賣方可以向買方索還這筆款項。 
 
RULE 11. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO CONDITIONS OF GOODS
  第十一條  賣方對貨物狀況的責(zé)任
    (I) The goods contracted to be sold must be shipped or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, in such a condition as, subject to risk of deterioration, leakage or wastage in bulk or weight inherent in the goods (and not consequent upon the goods having been defective at the time of shipment or of delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, or incident to loading or transit) would enable them to arrive at their contractual destination on a normal journey and under normal conditions in merchantable condition. In allowing for ordinary deterioration, leakage, or inherent wastage in bulk or weight due regard shall be had to any usage of the particular trade.
    (II) Where the goods contracted to be sold are already afloat or have been delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, at the time the sale is made, or where the seller in the exercise of any right to which he may be entitled to that effect purchases goods of the contractual description afloat in order to fulfil his contract, it is an implied condition in the contract of sale that the goods have been shipped or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.
(III) Should any dispute arise as to the conditions of the goods at the time of shipment or delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, and in the absence of any certificate issued in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale, with the usage of particular trade, or with the provisions of Rule 15, the quality, the description and sate, and/or the weight or quantity of the goods shall be determined according to their condition at the time they were loaded on board the vessel, or, should the seller be entitled in accordance with the provisions of Rule 7 (III) and (IV) in lieu of shipment to deliver the goods into the custody of the carrier, at the time such delivery has effectively taken place.
    （Ⅰ）買賣合同貨物應(yīng)在這樣的狀況下裝船或交給承運人保管：即在正常的航行后并在正常的情況下運到合同規(guī)定的目的地時能保持可商銷狀態(tài)。由于貨物固有的變質(zhì)、漏泄、體積或重量的損耗（不是由于貨物在裝船或交付承運人保管時已有的缺陷造成的，也不是由于裝船或運輸發(fā)生的），不在此限。適當(dāng)參照特殊行業(yè)慣例，容許通常的變質(zhì)、漏泄、體積或重量的自然損耗。
    （Ⅱ）如果在成交時，訂售的是海上路貨，或已經(jīng)交給承運人保管；或者，如果賣方為履行合同起見，有權(quán)買進合同規(guī)格的海上路貨，那末，可以認(rèn)為買賣合同中含有這樣的默示條件，即貨物已經(jīng)依照前款規(guī)定裝船或交給承運人保管。
    （Ⅲ）如果在裝船或交給承運人保管時，對有關(guān)貨物的狀況發(fā)生爭議，又沒有依照買賣合同的條款、特定行業(yè)慣例或本規(guī)則第十五條規(guī)定所簽發(fā)的任何證明書，那末，貨物的品質(zhì)、規(guī)格、狀態(tài)和／或重量或數(shù)量，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照當(dāng)時裝到船上時的狀況來決定。如果賣方是依照第七條第（Ⅲ）款、第（Ⅳ）款的規(guī)定，把貨物交給承運人保管，以代替裝船者，就按照確實交給時的狀況決定。
 
RULE 12. DUTIES OF THE SELLER AS TO INSURANCE
第十二條  賣方對保險的責(zé)任
    (I) It shall be the duty of the seller to procure at his own cost from an underwriter or insurance company of good repute a policy of marine insurance, evidencing a valid and subsisting contract which shall be available for the benefit of buyer, covering the goods during the whole of the course of transit contemplated in the contract of sale, including customary transshipment, if any, Subject to the next succeeding paragraph and to any special provision in the contract of sale, the policy must afford the holder thereof complete and continuous contractual protection against all those risks that are by the usage of the particular trade or on the contemplated route insured against at the time of the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be.
    The seller shall not be bound to procure a policy covering war risks unless (a) special provision to this effect shall have been made in the contract of sale, or (b) the seller shall have received prior to the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, notice from the buyer to procure a policy covering such risks. Unless such special provision shall have been made in the contract of sale, any additional cost of procuring a policy covering war risks shall be borne by the buyer.
    (II) Should the policy not be available when the documents are tendered a Certificate of Insurance issued by an underwriter or insurance company of good repute in relation to a policy of insurance as above defined, which reproduces the essential terms and conditions of the policy in so far as they concern the goods mentioned in the bill(s) of lading and invoice(s) and conveys to the holder thereof all the rights under the policy shall be accepted by the buyer in lieu thereof, and shall be deemed to be proof of marine insurance and to represent a policy of insurance within the meaning of these Rules. In such event the seller shall be deemed to guarantee that he will on the demand of the buyer, and with all due dispatch, produce or procure the production of the policy referred to in the Certificate.  
    (III) Unless it is the usage of the particular trade for the seller to tender to the buyer an Insurance Broker's Cover Note in lieu of a policy of insurance, such a Cover Note shall not be deemed to represent a policy of insurance within the meaning these Rules.
(IV) The value of the goods for insurance, shall be fixed in accordance with the usage of the particular trade, but in the absence of any such usage it shall be the invoice c.i.f. value, of the goods to the buyer, less freight payable if any, on arrival and plus a marginal profit of 10 percent of the said invoice c.i.f. value, after deduction of the amount of freight, if any payable on arrival.
    （Ⅰ）賣方有責(zé)任承擔(dān)費用向信譽良好的保險商或保險公司投保，取得海運保險單，作為有效和確實存在的保險合同的證明。此項保險單是為維護買方的利益，承保了買賣合同規(guī)定的全部運程中的貨物（包括習(xí)慣上的轉(zhuǎn)船）。除依照本款第二段和買賣合同的特別規(guī)定外，此項保險單，對于貨物在裝船或交給承運人保管時，按照特定行業(yè)慣例或在規(guī)定航線上應(yīng)投保的一切風(fēng)險，必須向保險單持有人提供完全和延續(xù)的合同保障。
    除符合下述情況之一者外，賣方不負(fù)投保“戰(zhàn)爭險”的責(zé)任：（ａ）買賣合同有投保“戰(zhàn)爭險”的特別規(guī)定者；（ｂ）貨物裝船或交給承運人保管前，賣方接到買方的通知，要求投保“戰(zhàn)爭險”者。同時，除買賣合同另有特殊規(guī)定外，投保“戰(zhàn)爭險”的費用應(yīng)由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。
    （Ⅱ）如果在提供單據(jù)時，未取到保險單，買方應(yīng)接受信譽良好的保險商或保險公司（照上述保險單的規(guī)定）所簽發(fā)的保險憑證以代替保險單，并作為承保海洋險的依據(jù)和代表本規(guī)則意義內(nèi)的保險單。對于原應(yīng)在保險單上載明的有關(guān)提單和發(fā)票項內(nèi)貨物的主要條款和條件，該保險憑證應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)載清楚，并將保險單內(nèi)的一切權(quán)利轉(zhuǎn)讓給持有人（持證人）。在這樣情況下，賣方有責(zé)任保證在買方要求時，盡速提出或取得憑證中所指明的保險單。
    （Ⅲ）除非特定行業(yè)慣例可以由賣方向買方提供保險經(jīng)紀(jì)人的承保書以代替保險單，這種承保書不應(yīng)作為代表本規(guī)定意義內(nèi)的保險單。
    （Ⅳ）投保貨物的保險金額，應(yīng)當(dāng)依照特定行業(yè)慣例來定；如果沒有此項慣例，保險金額應(yīng)當(dāng)是運交買方貨物的Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．發(fā)票價，減去貨到時應(yīng)付的運費（如果有的話），再加Ｃ．Ｉ．Ｆ．發(fā)票價（減去貨到時應(yīng)付的運費的百分之十利潤。
 
RULE 13. NOTICE OF SHIPMENT第十三條  裝船通知
In order to give the buyer an opportunity of taking out at his own cost additional insurance either to cover risks not covered by "all those risks" contemplated in the first paragraph in Rule 12 (I), or to cover increased value, the seller shall give notice to the buyer that the goods have been shipped, or delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, stating the name of the vessel, if possible, the marks and full particulars. The cost of giving such notice shall be borne by the buyer.
The non-receipt of such notice by, or the accidental omission to give any such notice to, the buyer shall not entitle the buyer to reject the documents tendered by the seller.
    為使買方便于自行增加投保本規(guī)則第十二條第Ⅰ款規(guī)定范圍以外的風(fēng)險，或增加投保“保險金額”，賣方應(yīng)當(dāng)通知買方，說明貨物業(yè)已裝船或交給承運人保管，如有可能應(yīng)列明船名，并說明嘜頭和全部細(xì)節(jié)，通知的費用由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。
如果不曾收到這種通知，或因疏忽沒有通知，買方不得因此而拒絕接受賣方提供的單據(jù)。
 
RULE 14. IMPORT AND EXPORT LICENCES, CERTIFICATES OF ORIGIN, ETC.
   第十四條  進出口許可證、產(chǎn)地證明書等
    (I) Should an export license be required in order to ship goods of the contractual description, it shall be the duty of the seller at his own expense to apply for the license and to use due diligence to obtain the grant of such license.
    (II) Nothing contained in these Rules shall entitle the buyer to demand the tender by the seller of a certificate of origin or consular invoice in respect of the goods contracted to be sold unless (a) it is the usage of the particular trade for either or both of these documents to be obtained, or (b) the seller shall have been expressly instructed by the buyer, prior to the shipment of the goods or their delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, to obtain such certificates and/or such invoices. The cost of procuring these documents shall be borne by the buyer.
Should an import license be required by the country of destination for goods of the contractual description, it shall be the duty of the buyer to procure the same at his own expense and to notify the seller that such license has been obtained prior to the time for shipment of the goods.
    （Ⅰ）如果合同規(guī)定的貨物需要有出口許可證才能裝船，賣方有責(zé)任承擔(dān)費用，申請許可證，并竭力獲得這種許可證的批準(zhǔn)。
    （Ⅱ）除下列情況外，本規(guī)則不賦予買方要求賣方提供有關(guān)訂售貨物的產(chǎn)地證明或領(lǐng)事發(fā)票的權(quán)利：（ａ）特定行業(yè)慣例規(guī)定需取得這兩種單據(jù)或其中任何一種者；（ｂ）貨物裝船或交給承運人保管前，賣方接獲買方明確指示需要取得此種證明書和／或此種領(lǐng)事發(fā)票者。取得這種單據(jù)的費用應(yīng)由買方負(fù)擔(dān)。
如果合同規(guī)定的貨物，目的港所在國需要進口許可證，買方應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)自行承擔(dān)費用，取得這種許可證，并在貨物裝船前通知賣方，說明這種許可證已經(jīng)取得。
 
RULE 15. CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY, ETC. 第十五條  品質(zhì)證明書等
    Where the contract of sale provides that a certificate of quality and/or weight or quantity shall be furnished by the seller, without specifying the person or body by whom this certificate is to be issued, or where the usage of the particular trade so allows, the seller shall furnish certificates issued by the appropriate public authority (if any) or a duly qualified independent inspector setting out the quality, description and state, and/or the weight or quantity of the goods at the time and place of shipment, or of delivery into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be. The cost (including legalization charges if such a formality be necessary) of obtaining such certificates shall be borne according to the usage of the particular trade or, if none, equality in all cases by the seller and the buyer.
In the circumstances contemplated in the preceding paragraph of this Rule, such certificates shall be prima facie evidence as between buyer and seller of the quality, description and state, and/or of the weight or quantity of the goods at the time the certificate was issued, and as delivered under the contract of sale.
如果買賣合同規(guī)定賣方應(yīng)提供品質(zhì)證明書和／或重量或數(shù)量證明書，但并未指明簽發(fā)此項證明書的個人或團體，或者如果特定行業(yè)慣例向有此規(guī)定，那么，賣方應(yīng)提供由有關(guān)當(dāng)局（如果有的話）或有資格的獨立檢驗人所簽發(fā)的證明書，說明裝船或交給承運人保管時的貨物品質(zhì)、規(guī)格、狀態(tài)和／或重量或數(shù)量。取得這種證明書的費用（包括手續(xù)費，如果這種手續(xù)是必要的），應(yīng)當(dāng)依照特定行業(yè)慣例來負(fù)擔(dān)；如沒有慣例，則由買賣雙方平均負(fù)擔(dān)。這種證明書，在買賣雙方之間，應(yīng)當(dāng)作為依照合同交給的貨物，在證書簽發(fā)時的品質(zhì)、規(guī)格和狀態(tài)和／或重量或數(shù)量的表面證據(jù)。
 
RULE 16. TENDER OF DOCUMENTS第十六條  單據(jù)的提供
    (I) The seller must exercise all due diligence to send forward the documents, and it shall be his duty to tender them, or cause them to be tendered, with all due dispatch to the buyer. The documents shall not be forwarded by air route unless the contract of sale so provides. By the term "documents" is meant the bill of lading, invoice, and policy of insurance, or other document validly tendered in lieu thereof in accordance with the provisions of these Rules, together with such other documents, if any, as the seller may be the terms of the contract of sale be obliged to procure and tender to the buyer. In the case of installment deliveries, the invoice may be a pro forma invoice in respect of each installment except the final installment.
    (II) The documents tendered to the buyer must be complete, valid and effective at the time of tender and drawn in accordance with the provisions of these Rules. Where the bill of lading or other document validly tendered in lieu thereof is drawn in a set and is made out in favor of the buyer, his agent or representative as consignee, the seller shall not be obliged to tender more than one of the set. In all other circumstances, the full set of bills or other documents validly tendered in lieu thereof must be tendered unless the seller shall provide, to the reasonable satisfaction of the buyer, an indemnity issued by a bank of good repute in respect of the bills or other documents as aforesaid which are not presented.
(III) Should any of the documents which the seller has to procure and tender to the buyer be at variance upon some material point with the conditions stipulated by the contract of sale, the buyer shall be entitled to reject the tender of the documents.
    （Ⅰ）賣方應(yīng)竭盡全力發(fā)送各種單據(jù)，并有責(zé)任盡速提交給買方。除買賣合同有規(guī)定外，單據(jù)不用航空寄遞。
    “單據(jù)”一詞是指提單、發(fā)票、保險單或依照本規(guī)則用以代替這些單據(jù)的其他單據(jù)，以及根據(jù)買賣合同條款，賣方有責(zé)任取得并提交買方的其它單據(jù)（如有的話）。貨物如分批發(fā)運，除末批外，每批發(fā)運的發(fā)票可以是形式發(fā)票。
    （Ⅱ）提供買方的單據(jù)，提供時必須完整、有效和有用的，并依本規(guī)則規(guī)定開給，如果提單或用以代替提單的其他單據(jù)是整套開給，并且以買方、他的代理人或代表為收貨人，賣方只需提供一份。在任何其他情況下，提單或代替提單的其他單據(jù)必須提交一整套。但賣方對于未提供的提單或其他單據(jù)，如備有信譽良好銀行簽發(fā)的并為買方所滿意的保證書時，不在此限。
（Ⅲ）如果賣方必須取得并提交買方的任何單據(jù)，有些實質(zhì)性項目與買賣合同條款不符時，買方有權(quán)拒絕單據(jù)的提交。
 
RULE 17. LOSS OR DAMAGE AFTER SHIPMENT第十七條  裝船后貨物滅失或損壞
If goods of the contractual description have been shipped or have been delivered into the custody of the carrier, as the case may be, and proper documents have been obtained, the seller may validly tender such documents, even though at the time of such tender the goods may have been lost or damaged, unless the seller knew of such loss or damage at the time of entering into the contract of sale.
如果合同規(guī)定的貨物已經(jīng)裝船，或已經(jīng)交給承運人保管，并取得正式單據(jù)，賣方可以有效地提供這些單據(jù)，即使在提供單據(jù)時，貨物已經(jīng)滅失或損壞。但是，簽訂買賣合同時，如賣方已知貨物滅失或損壞，則不在此限。
 
RULE 18. DUTIES OF THE BUYER AS TO PAYMENT OF PRICE
第十八條  關(guān)于買方支付貨款的義務(wù)
    (I) When the proper documents are tendered it shall be the duty of the buyer to accept such documents and to pay the price in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale. The buyer shall be entitled to a reasonable opportunity of examining the documents and to a reasonable time in which to make such examination.
(II) The buyer, however, shall not be entitled when the proper documents are tendered to refuse to accept such documents or to refuse to pay the price in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale, on the plea only that he has had no opportunity of inspecting the goods.
    （Ⅰ）當(dāng)正當(dāng)?shù)膯螕?jù)被提供時，買方有責(zé)任接受此種單據(jù)，并按買賣合同條款支付貨款。買方有權(quán)要求檢查單據(jù)的合理機會和進行檢查的合理時間。
    （Ⅱ）在上述單據(jù)提供后，買方不應(yīng)以沒有機會檢查貨物為借口，拒絕接受這種單據(jù)，或者拒絕按買賣合同條款支付貨款。
 
RULE 19. RIGHTS OF BUYER AS TO INSPECTION OF GOODS
第十九條  關(guān)于買方檢查貨物的權(quán)利
    Subject to the provisions of Rules 15 and 18, and to any usage of the particular trade, the buyer shall not be deemed to have accepted the goods unless and until he shall have been given a reasonable opportunity of inspecting them, either on arrival at the point of destination contemplated in the contract of sale or prior to shipment, as the buyer may in his sole discretion decide, and a reasonable time in which to make such inspection.
The buyer shall, within three days from the completion of such inspection. even though this has been a joint inspection, give notice to the seller of any matter or thing by reason whereof he may allege that the goods are not in accordance with the contract of sale. If the buyer shall fail to give such notice, he may no longer exercise his right of rejection of the goods.
Nothing in this Rule shall affect any remedy to which the buyer may be entitled for any loss or damage arising from latent defect, or inherent quality or vice of the goods.
除依照第十五條、第十八條規(guī)定和特定行業(yè)慣例外，如果買方?jīng)]有被給予檢查貨物的合理機會和進行這種檢查的合理時間，那末不應(yīng)認(rèn)為買方已經(jīng)接受了這項貨物。這種檢查是在貨物到達買賣合同規(guī)定的目的地進行，還是在裝船前進行，可由買方自行決定。在完成此項檢查后的三日內(nèi)（即使在買賣雙方聯(lián)合檢查情況下），買方應(yīng)將他所認(rèn)為不符合買賣合同的情事通知賣方。如果提不出這種通知，買方便喪失其拒絕接受該貨物的權(quán)利。凡因貨物的潛在缺陷，或內(nèi)在質(zhì)量毛病而引起的滅失、損壞、買方應(yīng)當(dāng)享有補救的權(quán)利，不受本條規(guī)定的影響。
 
RULE 20. RIGHTS AND REMEDIES UNDER CONTRACT OF SALE
第二十條  買賣合同中的權(quán)利和補救
    (I) Subject to any variation or amendment or insertion of other terms in the contract of sale, made in accordance with the provisions of Rule 1, the liabilities of the parties under these Rules shall be at an end when they shall have discharged their obligations as enunciated in these Rules.
    (II) Nothing contained in these Rules shall affect any right of lien or retention or stoppage in transit to which the seller may by law be entitled, in respect of the goods contracted to be sold.
    (III) In the case of a breach of contract, notwithstanding any other remedy to which the parties may be entitled, either party shall have the right to sell or buy against the other party and to charge him with the loss sustained thereby.
    (IV) Nothing contained in these Rules shall affect any remedies whatsoever to which the buyer or the seller may be entitled for breach of contract and/or other claim arising out of the contract of sale.
Nevertheless, the seller and the buyer shall be respectively discharged from all liabilities in respect of any breach of contract and/or other claim arising out of the contract of sale unless formal application that the dispute shall be referred to arbitration is made or suit is brought within twelve calendar months after arrival of the goods at the point of destination contemplated by the contract of sale or where the goods do not arrive, within twelve months of the date when the goods would in the ordinary course have arrived at the said destination.
    （Ⅰ）除依照買賣合同中按本規(guī)則第一條所作的變更、修改或增添其他條款外，當(dāng)事人在已經(jīng)履行本規(guī)則規(guī)定的職責(zé)后，本規(guī)則所規(guī)定的當(dāng)事人應(yīng)負(fù)的責(zé)任即告終結(jié)。
    （Ⅱ）賣方依據(jù)法律對訂售貨物所享有的留置權(quán)、保留權(quán)或中止交貨權(quán)，不受本規(guī)則的影響。
    （Ⅲ）如果發(fā)生違約情事，盡管當(dāng)事人有權(quán)取得其他補救，受害方有權(quán)將貨物出售或買進，并責(zé)成對方負(fù)擔(dān)由于出售或買進而遭受的損失。
    （Ⅳ）本規(guī)則的任何規(guī)定不得影響買方或賣方由于違反合同而有權(quán)提出的補救，以及由于買賣合同中產(chǎn)生的其它索賠。
    如果在貨到目的地后的十二個月內(nèi)（貨物如未到達，按通常可以到達之日起計算的十二個月內(nèi)），沒有正式申請把爭議提交仲裁或提起訴訟，則賣方或買方應(yīng)當(dāng)分別解除對方關(guān)于違約和／或因買賣合同引起的其他要求索賠的全部責(zé)任。
 
RULE 21. NOTICES  第二十一條  通知
Any notice required or authorized to be given by either party under these Rules to other party shall be served either in a prepaid telegram, radiogram or cablegram sent to the last known place of business of the other party, or through the post in a prepaid registered letter sent as aforesaid if such letter would in the ordinary course of events be delivered to the addressee within twenty four hours from the time of the handing of such letter into the custody of the postal authorities.
    依照本規(guī)則的規(guī)定，由當(dāng)事人的任何一方向?qū)Ψ交蚴跈?quán)向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)出的通知，應(yīng)當(dāng)以電報費付訖的有線電報、無線電報或海底電報發(fā)往最近知悉的對方營業(yè)所；如果掛號信在通常情況下能于投交郵局后二十四小時內(nèi)送達收件人，此項通知也可用郵費付訖的掛號信寄發(fā)。