英文合同結(jié)構(gòu)與主要條款 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文合同通常可以分為前言（ Preamble ）、正文（ Text ）、證明部分（ Attestation ）、附錄（ Schedule ）四大部分組成。 1.前言（ Preamble ）部分 前言部分主要有如下內(nèi)容： (1)指明簽約雙（各）方 例：中國某電廠（根據(jù)中華英文合同結(jié)構(gòu)與主要條款
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英文合同通常可以分為前言（Preamble）、正文（Text）、證明部分（Attestation）、附錄（Schedule）四大部分組成。
1. 前言（Preamble）部分
前言部分主要有如下內(nèi)容：
(1) 指明簽約雙（各）方
例：中國某電廠（根據(jù)中華人民共和國法律成立注冊(cè)的公司，以下簡(jiǎn)稱甲方）為一方,與美國西雅圖發(fā)電設(shè)備廠（根據(jù)美國法律成立注冊(cè)的公司，以下簡(jiǎn)稱乙方）為另一方，雙方通過友好協(xié)商同意就下列條款簽訂本合同。
This Contract is made and entered into through friendly negotiation by and between China _____Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the Buyer"), as one party and__________, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of __________ (hereinafter referred to as "the Seller"), as the other party, under the following terms and conditions:
(2)鑒于（Whereas）、敘述（Recital）或背景（Background）部分
該部分主要是介紹合同的相關(guān)情況，具體有如下內(nèi)容：
a) 合同雙（各）方的背景情況介紹，如各方所從事的行業(yè)：
例1： AMD engages through its Communication Products Division ("CPD") in the design, development, manufacture and sale of telecommunication products for public communications infrastructure systems, customer premise equipment and cordless telephony applications.
AMD公司是通過其通訊產(chǎn)品部門進(jìn)行公共通訊產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)、研發(fā)、制造的企業(yè)，并銷售公共通訊系統(tǒng)、客戶預(yù)訂設(shè)備和無線通訊產(chǎn)品。
b) 合同目的
例
WHEREAS
c) 合同的背景情況
例：
Whereas Party C intends to buy the whole shares of × held by Party A, adhering to the principals of equality and mutual benefit, the parties have reached the following agreement (the "Agreement")after friendly consultations regarding the share transfer matters:
(3) 明確指明合同雙（各）方愿意簽訂本合同
例
Whereas Party A agrees to sell to Party B the products, _______, in compensation of the price of Party B's machines and equipment; Now therefore, in consideration of the premises and covenants described hereinafter, Party A and Party B agree a follows:
2.正文（Text）部分主要包含以下條款
(1) 定義（Definition）條款
該條款是對(duì)合同中的某些詞語的進(jìn)行定義，確保各詞語在合同中的含義統(tǒng)一，以免發(fā)生歧義。這些詞語可分成兩大類。第一類是英文合同中的常用詞語，如附屬機(jī)構(gòu)（Affiliate）、財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表（Financial Statements）等；第二類是本合同中使用的具有特定含義的詞語。
例："Property" means property, assets, interests and rights of every description, wherever situated.
“財(cái)產(chǎn)”包括財(cái)產(chǎn)、資產(chǎn)、利益、權(quán)利等。財(cái)產(chǎn)之所在地在所不問。
(2)陳述與保證（Representations and Warranties）條款
該條款是合同雙（各）方對(duì)某些基本事實(shí)的陳述并保證其陳述的真實(shí)性，其構(gòu)成合同簽訂與生效的前提。主要內(nèi)容有：
a) 合法注冊(cè)、經(jīng)營狀況現(xiàn)狀、相關(guān)資質(zhì)（Organization, Standing and Qualification）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要說明其注冊(cè)地、注冊(cè)所依據(jù)的法律，聲明合法擁有其財(cái)產(chǎn)、經(jīng)營狀況良好、有權(quán)簽訂并履行本合同。
b) 注冊(cè)資本（Capitalization）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要說明其各自的注冊(cè)資本金額、股權(quán)數(shù)量等情況。
c) 適當(dāng)授權(quán)（Due Authorization）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要聲明其有權(quán)簽訂并履行本合同，本合同的簽訂對(duì)其具有約束力。
d) 重大債務(wù)（Liabilities）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要聲明除了其已經(jīng)披露的之外，沒有其他重大債務(wù)。
e) 財(cái)產(chǎn)狀況（Status of Proprietary Assets）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要說明其在本合同簽訂時(shí)的主要財(cái)產(chǎn)狀況。
f) 財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)屬狀況（Title to Properties and Assets）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要聲明其財(cái)產(chǎn)所有權(quán)是完整的無瑕疵的。
g) 重大合同及其義務(wù)（Material Contracts and Obligations）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要說明，在本合同簽訂時(shí)其尚未完全履行的重大合同及其項(xiàng)下的義務(wù)。
h) 訴訟與仲裁（Litigation and Arbitration）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要說明在本合同簽訂時(shí)尚未審結(jié)的訴訟與仲裁案件。
i) 遵守法律與政府審批（Compliance with Laws; Governmental Consents）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要聲明其完全遵守各項(xiàng)適用法律并已得到政府的有關(guān)審批。
j) 履行其他約定義務(wù)（Compliance with Other Instruments and Agreements）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要聲明其完全履行其他各項(xiàng)約定義務(wù)。
k) 披露義務(wù)（Disclosure）
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要聲明其已披露了所有與本合同相關(guān)或本合同要求披露的信息。
例：The Seller hereby represents and warrants as to itself that: 賣方謹(jǐn)此保證下列事項(xiàng)屬實(shí)：
(i)
(ii)
本公司董事會(huì)已依法授權(quán)本公司進(jìn)行與本合約相關(guān)的訂立與履行事宜，并記載于董事會(huì)記錄中；
(iii) its entry into and performance of its obligations under this Agreement do not violate any legal requirements in the People’s Republic of China as of the date hereof or any material agreements to which it is a party.
(3) 先決條件（Conditions precedent）條款
該條款是有關(guān)合同雙（各）方履行各自義務(wù)的前提條件的約定。
This contract and the supplementary documents hereof are subject to the approval of the Foreign Trade Ministry of the People’s Republic of China（or any delegated agency thereof）and will take effect from the date of the approval．
(4)責(zé)任限制（Limited Liability or Limitation of Liability）條款
該條款是合同雙（各）方對(duì)其在本合同項(xiàng)下的責(zé)任上限進(jìn)行的約定。
例： 對(duì)人身的傷害賠償，根據(jù)意大利和歐盟所參與的國際公約，不超過可預(yù)見的范圍，參照服務(wù)的履行而定責(zé)任。無論任何情況下，對(duì)人身的傷害賠償不超過5萬歐元；對(duì)財(cái)物的損失不超過2千歐元；其他賠償不超過5千歐元。
Compensation for damages to the person cannot exceed the foreseen limits by the international conventions for which Italy and the European Union are part of with reference to the services whose performance has determined the responsability. In any case the compensation limit cannot exceed the amount of 50,000 Euro for damages to people, 2,000 Euro for damages to objects, 5000 Euro for any other damage.
(5) 保密（Non-disclosure or No Publicity）條款
根據(jù)該條款，合同雙（各）方對(duì)本合同內(nèi)容以及在本合同協(xié)商、簽訂、履行過程中所得知的其他各方的信息要承擔(dān)保密義務(wù)。
例： 乙方根據(jù)本協(xié)議所提供的一切圖紙、設(shè)計(jì)、說明書及其他技術(shù)資料，甲方均須嚴(yán)格保密;未得到乙方的書面同意，不得以任何方式出售、轉(zhuǎn)讓 或泄露給任何人，但不包括甲方為生產(chǎn)合同而使用技術(shù)資料的雇員。但是，甲方可以向分包合同人提供生產(chǎn)合同產(chǎn)品部件所必須的技術(shù)資料，分包人須書面保證對(duì)其所得到產(chǎn)技術(shù)資料承擔(dān)嚴(yán)格的保密義務(wù)。
subcontractor agree， in writing， to hold suchnical information strictly in confidence..
(6)合同終止（Termination）條款
該條款是合同雙（各）方對(duì)本合同在何種情況下可以提前終止進(jìn)行約定。
例：
Should the cooperative venture company be unable to continue its operation or achieve its business purpose due to the fact that one of the contracting parties fails to fulfil the obligations prescribed by the contract and articles of association, or seriously violates the provisions of the contract and articles of association, that party shall be deemed to have unilaterally terminated the contract. The other party shall have the right to terminate the contract in accordance with the provisions of the contract after approval by the original examination and approval authority, and to claim damages. In case Party A and Party B of the cooperative venture company agree to continue the operation, the party who fails to fulfil its obligations shall be liable for the economic losses caused thereby to the joint venture company.
(7)標(biāo)題（headings）條款
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方約定合同中的各個(gè)小標(biāo)題（一般以黑體字顯示）是為了在合同中提及的方便，不構(gòu)成對(duì)合同內(nèi)容的解釋、修改、補(bǔ)充。
例：
(8)合同有效期（Term）條款
該條款是有關(guān)合同生效日期、方式以及有效期的條款。 本協(xié)議若無以下提前終止的情況，例：
Without the following situation of early termination, the validity period of agreement is from_________ to _________. The two parties unanimously agree to start trial operation _______ days before formal enforcement of the agreement, during the trial operation, all matters such as operation forms, operating standards, costs and expenses, rights and obligations of the two parties, etc., shall be carried out according to the conditions under this agreement apart from this section.
(9)權(quán)利放棄（Waiver）條款
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方聲明任何一方如果沒有行使其權(quán)利，并不意味著其放棄該權(quán)利。
例： 如果一方未行使或延遲行使其在本合同項(xiàng)下的某項(xiàng)權(quán)利，不構(gòu)成該方對(duì)此項(xiàng)權(quán)利的放棄，如果該方已經(jīng)行使或者部分行使某項(xiàng)權(quán)利，并不妨礙其在將來再次行使此項(xiàng)權(quán)利。
Either Party's failure to exercise or delay in exercising any right, power or privilege under this Contract shall not operate as a waiver thereof, and any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege shall not preclude the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
(10) 合同變更（Amendment or Modification）條款
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方可以約定合同不得修改或者合同修改的方式。
例：
To take advantage of an alternative tourism package, without supplemental charges or with the restitution of the surplus of the price, should the second package have an inferior value than the first;
(11)轉(zhuǎn)讓（Assignment or Successors and Assignment）條款
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方可約定合同不可轉(zhuǎn)讓或者合同轉(zhuǎn)讓的程序，同時(shí)，還可以約定，如果合同轉(zhuǎn)讓，受讓方有完全約束力。
例：
The renouncing client can be substituted by another person provided that:
例2
未經(jīng)供應(yīng)商事先書面同意，經(jīng)銷商不得部分或全部轉(zhuǎn)讓本合同項(xiàng)下的權(quán)利，也不得轉(zhuǎn)讓由單個(gè)訂單產(chǎn)生的任何權(quán)利。供應(yīng)商以書面通知經(jīng)銷商，可將本合同項(xiàng)下的全部或部分義務(wù)或由單個(gè)訂單產(chǎn)生的任何義務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)讓給其任何關(guān)聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)或供貨商，但是供應(yīng)商應(yīng)該繼續(xù)對(duì)其合同項(xiàng)下義務(wù)的履行負(fù)責(zé)。
(12)通知（Notice）條款
該條款是對(duì)合同雙（各）方在履行合同過程中相互送達(dá)信息的方式以及視為送達(dá)的條件進(jìn)行約定。一般來講，要寫明合同雙（雙）方的通信地址、傳真號(hào)、聯(lián)系電話、聯(lián)絡(luò)人以及送達(dá)成功的具體條件。
.例
10-15 days prior to the date of shipment, the Buyer shall inform the Seller by cable or telex of the contract number, name of vessel, ETA of vessel, quantity to be loaded and the name of shipping agent, so as to enable the Seller to contact the shipping agent direct and arrange the shipment of the goods. The Seller shall advise by cable or telex in time the Buyer of the result thereof. Should, for certain reasons, it become necessary for the Buyer to replace the named vessel with another one, or should the named vessel arrive at the port of shipment earlier or later than the date of arrival as previously notified to the Seller, the Buyer or its shipping agent shall advise the Seller to this effect in due time. The Seller shall also keep in close contact with the agent or the Buyer.
例2 ) During the Term, each Party may change its particulars for receipt of notices at any time by notice given to the other Party in accordance with this Article 19.7.
在合同期限內(nèi)，一方可隨時(shí)根據(jù)第19.7(a)條規(guī)定通知另一方變更通知送達(dá)地址。
Distributor: 經(jīng)銷商：
[mailing address] [經(jīng)銷商]
People's Republic of China 中華人民共和國
Facsimile No: 傳真號(hào)碼：
Attention: 收件人：
Supplier: 供應(yīng)商：
[mailing address] [郵址]
Facsimile No: 傳真號(hào)碼：
Attention: 收件人：
(13)適用法律（Governing Law or Applicable Law）條款Submission to Jurisdiction
該條款是有關(guān)合同解釋、爭(zhēng)議解決所適用法律的約定。
例
管轄法律。本協(xié)議應(yīng)根據(jù)特拉華州的法律解釋和管轄。
例
(14) 爭(zhēng)議解決（Dispute Resolution）條款
該條款是與合同有關(guān)的爭(zhēng)議解決方式的約定，可以選擇訴訟，也可以選擇仲裁。
例
如果某一爭(zhēng)議未在一方首次書面提出進(jìn)行磋商之日后六十(60)日內(nèi)通過友好協(xié)商解決，則任何一方可將該爭(zhēng)議提交中國國際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)(“貿(mào)仲會(huì)”)在[北京]按照當(dāng)時(shí)有效的貿(mào)仲會(huì)仲裁程序規(guī)則（并由本第18.2 條規(guī)定作為修訂）(“仲裁規(guī)則”)進(jìn)行仲裁。
All
(15) 條款效力獨(dú)立（Severability or Survival of terms）條款
根據(jù)該條款的約定，合同的任一條款如果無效，也不影響其他任何條款的效力。
例 The invalidity of any provision of this Contract shall not affect the validity of any other provision of this Contract.
本合同某一條款的無效不影響本合同其他條款的效力。
(16) 沒有其他業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系條款
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方聲明彼此之間除了合同關(guān)系之外沒有其他任何法律關(guān)系。
例
The Parties are only establishing a vendor-purchaser relationship with each other by entering into this Contract. Nothing in this Contract shall be construed or implied as:
(a) establishing between the Parties hereto any partnership or any other form of relationship entailing joint liability;
(a)
(17) 不可抗力（Force Majeure）條款
該條款是有關(guān)不可抗力構(gòu)成要件及其具體情形，以及在發(fā)生不可抗力事件的情況下如果處理的約定。
例 "Force Majeure" shall mean all events which are beyond the control of the Parties to this Contract, and which are unforeseen, unavoidable or insurmountable, and which prevent total or partial performance by either of the Parties. Such events shall include earthquakes, typhoons, flood, fire, war, strikes, riots, acts of governments, changes in law or the application thereof or any other instances which cannot be foreseen, prevented or controlled, including instances which are accepted as Force Majeure in general international commercial practice.
“不可抗力”指超出本合同雙方控制范圍、無法預(yù)見、無法避免或無法克服、使得本合同一方部分或者完全不能履行本合同的事件。這類事件包括但不限于地震、臺(tái)風(fēng)、洪水、火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、罷工、暴動(dòng)、政府行為、法律規(guī)定或其適用的變化，或者其他任何無法預(yù)見、避免或者控制的事件，包括在國際商務(wù)實(shí)踐中通常被認(rèn)定為不可抗力的事件。
(18) 所有協(xié)議（Entire Agreement）條款Integration
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要聲明本合同構(gòu)成雙（各）方就合同主題事宜達(dá)成的最終的、唯一的協(xié)議，除非明確指明，在此之前的所有約定，無論是口頭的，還是書面的，均無效力。
例 雙方在此達(dá)成完整的共識(shí)并取代雙方在此之前就本協(xié)議事項(xiàng)所作的聲明和承諾。本協(xié)議的修改只能通過雙方正式授權(quán)代表簽署后，成為本協(xié)議的組成部分。
The parties hereto made and conclude this entire agreement, which shall supersede any other statements and commitments relating the matters specified herein made by parties hereto previously. Modifications can be made to this agreement only being signed by the duly authorized representatives of the parties hereto, and shall constitute a part of this agreement.
(19)傳真簽訂生效（Execution by Fax）條款
合同雙（各）方可以在該條款中約定，雙（各）方可通過傳真方式傳遞文件并使其生效。
例
(iii) 如果是以傳真的方式送達(dá)，為發(fā)送傳真方的傳真機(jī)發(fā)送的報(bào)告確認(rèn)書（表明已向相關(guān)傳真號(hào)碼發(fā)送完整的、未中斷的傳真）上標(biāo)記的日期后的下一個(gè)營業(yè)日。
(20) “語言（Language）”條款
該條款是有關(guān)合同適用語言的約定。
例
Applicable language: This contract is written in Chinese and English. The Chinese version and English version have equivalent legal effect.
例
本合同為中英文版本書寫,
(21)合同文本（Counterparts）條款
該條款是對(duì)合同的份數(shù)以及各份合同的效力進(jìn)行約定。(22) “歧義（Ambiguities）”條款
在該條款中，合同雙（各）方要約定主合同與其附件之間、主合同與其補(bǔ)充協(xié)議之間、主合同各語言文本之間如果發(fā)生意思歧義如何處理。
例
本合同一式三份，甲、乙雙方各持一份，見證方一份，具有同等法律效力。
(23) 幣種（Currency）條款
該條款是對(duì)合同項(xiàng)下的貨幣種類進(jìn)行約定。
例
本協(xié)議的參考價(jià)格將是美元轉(zhuǎn)帳
3. 證明部分（ATTESTATION）
例： BEFORE ME, a Notary Public in and for said County, personally appeared Timothy J. Gunter and Daniel L. Webb, known to me to be the person(s) who, as Secretary and Assistant Secretary, respectively, of INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENTS INTERNATIONAL, INC., the corporation which executed the foregoing instrument in its capacity as Landlord, signed the same, and acknowledged to me that they did so sign said instrument in the name and upon behalf of said corporation as officers of said corporation, that the same is their free act and deed as such officers, respectively, and they were duly authorized thereunto by its board of directors; and that the seal affixed to said instrument is the corporate seal of said corporation.
IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto subscribed my name, and affixed my official seal, this 15th day of March, 1999.
我是本縣公證員，茲證明Timothy J. Gunter 與 Daniel L. Webb兩人分別為國際產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展有限公司的秘書和秘書助理。該公司制作并簽署了以土地產(chǎn)權(quán)為內(nèi)容的上述文件。簽署人是上述公司的官員，以上述公司的名義并代表上述公司進(jìn)行的簽署。他們經(jīng)公司合法授權(quán)，分別履行的他們的公司官員職務(wù)行為，并蓋以公司法人印章。
特此證明，證明人簽字于1999年3月15日。
4. 附錄部分（Schedule）
例
Appendices hereof shall be integral parts of Contract and have the same legal force as the text of Contract itself. The text of Contract shall prevail in case of any discrepancies between the text of Contract and Appendices.
